CN105751510B - 一种生物3d打印设备 - Google Patents

一种生物3d打印设备 Download PDF

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CN105751510B
CN105751510B CN201610247342.2A CN201610247342A CN105751510B CN 105751510 B CN105751510 B CN 105751510B CN 201610247342 A CN201610247342 A CN 201610247342A CN 105751510 B CN105751510 B CN 105751510B
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CN105751510A (zh
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蒋青
朱莉娅
李澜
李宗安
李客楼
杨建飞
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Nantong Gaote Medical Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种生物3D打印设备，包括打印机架，所述打印机架上设置有3D生物打印笔装置，所述3D生物打印笔装置包括笔身外壳和笔身外壳内部的可拆卸的打印笔，打印笔底端包括一打印笔头，所述笔身外壳上套接连接片，所述连接片连接打印机架。所述打印笔上端连接气泵软管，笔身外壳外侧套接喷头套管，所述喷头套管顶部设有可旋转的L型固定栓，L型固定栓转到打印笔顶端可对打印笔限位，L型固定栓转到打印笔外围，打印笔便可拆卸拿出。本发明成形空间开放，打印笔可拆卸后手持操作，有利于实现对组织或器官的实时、微创、原位打印。

Description

一种生物3D打印设备
技术领域
本发明属于组织工程中的生物打印技术领域，特别涉及一种生物3D打印设备。
背景技术
组织工程是应用工程学、生命科学的原理和方法来制备具有生物活性的人工替代物，用以维持、恢复或提高人体组织、器官的一部分或全部功能。组织工程可应用于包括骨和软骨组织工程，皮肤组织工程，心、肝、肾等内脏器官组织等多方面。
生物3D打印是利用3D打印离散/堆积成型的基本原理和方法，对生物材料(包括天然生物材料和人工合成生物材料)或细胞悬浮液进行受控打印，形成所需的具有生物活性的植入物、细胞三维结构或人工组织器官等。生物3D打印作为生命科学与现代制造科学交叉的新兴技术，有利于构建组织工程中所需的各种三维仿生结构。
目前生物3D打印技术主要分为两大类：喷墨成型技术和挤压成型技术。其中，气动式活塞挤出喷头利用压缩气体提供持续气压动力推动活塞挤出喷头内的生物材料使生物材料连续从微喷管中挤出成型。气动挤压成型具有成型材料范围广、柔性高、控制方便等优点。
但是，现有生物3D打印设备采用固定的成型平台，且喷头仅能在有限的成型空间内工作，存在以下不足之处：
①只能先在体外完成植入物、组织工程支架、组织器官等生物三维结构的打印，无法在动物或人体内实时地完成所需组织或器官的打印与修复。
②喷头只能依靠三维运动装置进行运动，不适用于各类组织器官的微创手术实施。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种生物3D打印设备。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种生物3D印设备，包括打印机架、运动控制系统、3D生物打印笔装置、气泵和气压控制器；所述3D生物打印笔装置包括笔身外壳和笔身外壳内部可拆卸的打印笔，打印笔底端包括一可旋转拆卸的打印笔头，所述打印笔头包括固定式和手持式两种，所述两种打印笔头上均安装有UV点光源，所述笔身外壳上套接连接片，所述连接片连接打印机架；气泵和气压控制器安装在打印机架外侧与打印笔相连，打印笔笔头在气压作用下产生液滴。
本发明采用气动挤压成型，通过光线照射或化学交联等方式使高分子溶液在常温环境下快速固化，成形空间开放，打印笔可拆卸后手持操作，有利于实现组织或器官的实时、微创、原位打印
本发明中，笔身外壳外侧套接喷头套管，所述喷头套管顶部设有可旋转的L型固定栓，L型固定栓上设有止挡臂；L型固定栓的止挡臂转到打印笔顶端时用于对打印笔限位，L型固定栓的止挡臂离开打印笔顶端时，打印笔便可拆卸拿出。
本发明中，所述笔身外壳侧面设有一列通孔，连接片上设有连接片通孔，螺栓穿过连接片通孔和笔身外壳的通孔将笔身外壳固定在连接片上，从而调节3D生物打印笔装置的高度。
本发明中，所述打印笔头为可拆卸的圆锥形的固定式打印笔头，固定式打印笔头的笔头端部设有固定式UV点光源。
本发明中，所述打印笔头为可拆卸的细长杆形状的手持式打印笔头，手持式打印笔头中部套接手持式UV点光源。
本发明中，所述打印笔上设有点光源开关、气泵开关及排线通道。
本发明提供的一种基于开放空间生物3D打印设备的生物三维打印方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)建立需要打印的三维实体模型，进行切片处理，获取每层的数据信息；
(2)配置所需的高分子生物材料溶液，置于打印笔内；
(3)将步骤(1)中得到的切片信息输入运动控制系统，控制打印笔笔头喷射步骤(2)中配置好的生物材料溶液，打印完一层后，打印笔上升一层高度，如此往复，逐层堆积成型，至所打印的实体模型打印完成；
(4)步骤(2)中所述的高分子生物材料溶液包括含细胞且含有光敏材料的高分子溶液、不含细胞但含有光敏材料的高分子溶液以及不含细胞且不含光敏材料的高分子溶液；
(5)步骤(2)中所述的各种含有光敏材料的高分子溶液成形过程中，使点状光源射出的光线同时照射在打印笔头喷出的高分子溶液上，固化并形成三维实体结构；
(6)步骤(2)中所述的各种不含光敏材料的高分子溶液成形过程中，打印笔头喷出高分子溶液至成形区域的基底溶液上，通过化学交联，固化形成三维实体结构；
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明没有固定的打印平台，医生可以将患者的手臂、腿部、关节等大尺寸身体组织器官置于生物3D打印机成形空间内，实现骨、软骨、肌肉、皮肤等组织器官的实时、在体打印修复；
(2)本发明采用可拆卸的3D生物打印笔装置，医生在手术时可以根据实时影像数据，采用手持方式完成受损组织器官的打印及修复，操作简单、灵活性高、创伤小；
(3)本发明可以打印多种高分子生物材料，采用可选的光固化成形方式，可实现常温成形，固化速度快、细胞成活率高、适用范围广泛。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做更进一步的具体说明，本发明的上述或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。
图1是本发明的生物3D打印设备实施例的结构示意图；
图2是3D生物打印笔装置与机架连接示意图；
图3是3D生物打印笔装置的正视图；
图4是固定式打印笔示意图；
图5是手持式打印笔头示意图；
图6是手持式打印笔头局部放大图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作详细说明。
实施例：
如图1-图3，本设备包括打印笔1、气泵2、气压控制器3、3D生物打印笔装置4、打印笔头6、笔身外壳7、喷头套管9、连接片10、L型固定栓12、螺孔13和打印机架14；
气泵2、气压控制器3和打印机架14依次相连，打印机架上设置有可拆卸的3D生物打印笔装置4，所述3D生物打印笔装置4包括笔身外壳7和笔身外壳7内部的可拆卸的打印笔1，打印笔1顶部通过管道与气泵2相连，接收溶液用于3D打印，打印笔1底端包括一打印笔头6，所述笔身外壳7上套接连接片10，所述连接片10连接打印机架14，将打印笔1固定在打印机架14上，其中笔身外壳7底部设有通孔，打印笔1下端的打印笔头6露出该通孔，方便进行3D打印。
气泵2、气压控制器3和气泵软管依次相连，形成控制管路，打印笔1上设有气泵开关15，控制高分子生物材料溶液的喷射，笔身外壳7外侧套接喷头套管9，所述喷头套管9顶部设有可旋转的L型固定栓12，L型固定栓12上设有止挡臂12a；L型固定栓12的止挡臂12a转到打印笔1顶端时用于对打印笔1限位，L型固定栓12的止挡臂12a离开打印笔1顶端时，打印笔1便可拆卸拿出。
如图4，为固定式打印笔头8示意图，包括可拆卸的圆锥形的固定式UV点光源5a和用于控制气源和光源的控制开关15a和15b。
如图5和图6，为手持式打印笔头11示意图，手持式打印笔头11为可拆卸的细长杆形状，手持式UV点光源5b套接在手持式打印笔头11上，光源朝向笔头方向。
笔身外壳7侧面设有一列通孔13，连接片10上设有连接片通孔，螺栓穿过连接片通孔和笔身外壳7的通孔将笔身外壳7固定在连接片上，从而调节3D生物打印笔装置4的高度。
本生物3D打印设备实施例的工作原理和工作过程如下：
(1)通过扫描和CAD设计出三维实体模型，利用上位机处理软件对模型进行切片处理；
(2)选择实验材料，按照合适的比例，配置成形所需的高分子生物材料溶液并置于打印笔内；
(3)将切片得到的数据信息下发到下位机运动控制系统(现有技术，运动控制系统连接机架的电机，控制打印机空间运动)，运动控制系统根据接收到得数据和控制信息控制打印笔做X、Y方向运动，打印笔头6在气压控制器3作用下喷射生物材料液滴，一层加工完毕后，打印笔1上升一个层厚，进行第二层打印，如此逐层叠加成形；
(4)若采用含光敏材料的高分子生物材料溶液，打印笔头喷出的高分子溶液在点状光源的照射下迅速凝固并粘结在一起，若采用不含光敏材料的高分子生物材料溶液，打印笔头6喷出的高分子溶液与打印区域内的基底溶液在化学交联作用下完成固化过程；
(5)若需要进行微创原位打印，可将生物3D打印笔1拆卸下来直接操作，并通过开关控制气泵2是否出料、点光源是否照射。
本发明提供了一种生物3D打印设备，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (1)

1.一种生物3D打印设备，其特征在于，包括打印机架(14)，所述打印机架上设置有3D生物打印笔装置(4)，所述3D生物打印笔装置包括笔身外壳(7)和设置在笔身外壳(7)内部的可拆卸的打印笔(1)，打印笔(1)底端包括一打印笔头(6)，所述笔身外壳(7)上套接连接片(10)，笔身外壳(7)通过所述连接片(10)连接打印机架(14)；
笔身外壳(7)外侧套接喷头套管(9)，所述喷头套管(9)顶部设有可旋转的L型固定栓(12)，L型固定栓(12)上设有止挡臂(12a)；L型固定栓(12)的止挡臂(12a)转到打印笔(1)顶端时用于对打印笔(1)限位，L型固定栓(12)的止挡臂(12a)离开打印笔(1)顶端时，打印笔(1)便可拆卸拿出；
所述笔身外壳(7)侧面设有一列通孔(13)，连接片(10)上设有连接片通孔，螺栓穿过连接片通孔和笔身外壳(7)的通孔将笔身外壳(7)固定在连接片上，从而调节3D生物打印笔装置(4)的高度；
所述打印笔头(6)为可拆卸的圆锥形的固定式打印笔头(8)或可拆卸的细长杆形状的手持式打印笔头(11)，可拆卸的圆锥形的固定式打印笔头(8)或可拆卸的细长杆形状的手持式打印笔头(11)上设置UV点光源；
所述打印笔(1)上设有UV点光源开关(15a)；
所述打印笔(1)上设有气泵开关(15b)；
所述打印笔(1)内设有点光源排线通道；
还包括气泵(2)、气压控制器(3)和气泵软管，打印笔(1)顶部通过气泵软管与气泵(2)相连；
所述生物3D打印设备的打印方法，步骤如下：
步骤(1)：建立需要打印的三维实体模型，进行切片处理，获取每层的数据信息；
步骤(2)：配置所需的高分子生物材料溶液，置于打印笔内；
步骤(3)：将步骤(1)中数据信息输入运动控制系统，控制打印笔头喷射步骤(2)中的高分子生物材料溶液，打印完一层后，打印笔上升一层高度打印，如此往复，逐层堆积成型，直至实体模型打印完成。
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