CN105749878A - 提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉及其制作方法 - Google Patents

提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN105749878A
CN105749878A CN201610089171.5A CN201610089171A CN105749878A CN 105749878 A CN105749878 A CN 105749878A CN 201610089171 A CN201610089171 A CN 201610089171A CN 105749878 A CN105749878 A CN 105749878A
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岳东
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The United States of Beijing Qingyuan Environmental Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Daqing Jinpurui Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，包括纤维体，所述的纤维体为两种以上，纤维体通过纺织制作为纤维层，纤维层的表面附有具有吸油、有机物的功能性物质，以及将功能性物质固定在纤维体表面的媒介物质。本发明由于设置有吸油和吸有机物能力的功能性物质，吸附过程具有选择性，会大大减少对水份的吸附，从而能极大的提高对油体和有机物进行吸附；由于采用两种不同的纤维材料，纤维材料的纤维体之间产生的空间；上述空间对吸附的油或有机物质具备较强的储存能力；本发明的制作方法，包含混合纺织制作为纤维层、浸泡或浸透功能性物质及媒介物质、干燥得到成品。

Description

提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸附棉及其特任方法，确切地说是提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉及其制作方法。
背景技术
在海洋漏油事件中，为防止漏油对环境造成污染，需采取手段将油去除，使用粘土吸附是较常见的方法，但是其吸附量小，吸附处理同样多的油品时产生的废弃物也多，处理废弃物的成本较高，对吸附的液体也有明显的选择性，可能会引起二次环境污染；利用纸质的吸附布来吸附漏油时，其不仅吸附油，还会吸附海水，甚至吸附的海水比油还要多。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉及其制作方法；该吸附棉具有针对油体和有机物进行吸附；且具有较大的储存吸附物质的能力。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术手段：
提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，包括纤维体，所述的纤维体为两种以上，纤维体通过纺织制作为纤维层，纤维层的表面附有具有吸油、有机物的功能性物质，以及将功能性物质固定在纤维体表面的媒介物质。
本发明的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，由两种以上的纤维材料纺织而成，纤维表面附着具有吸油和吸有机物能力的功能性物质，以及能够把功能性物质固定在纤维表面的媒介物；由于设置有吸油和吸有机物能力的功能性物质，吸附过程具有选择性，会大大减少对水份的吸附，从而能极大的提高对油体和有机物进行吸附；由于采用两种不同的纤维材料，纤维材料的纤维体之间产生的空间；上述空间对吸附的油或有机物质具备较强的储存能力，
作为优选，本发明更进一步的技术方案是：
纤维体为两种以上，纤维体的长度不同，直径不同纤维层厚度为5-20mm。
所述的纤维体为两种，两种纤维体中，较长纤维体的长度为85mm～100mm，直径为30um～60um，较短纤维体的长度为10mm～20mm，直径为10um～20um。
所述的较长纤维体的长度为92mm，直径为45um，较短纤维体的长度为15mm，直径为15um。
所述的多功能吸附棉设有的纤维层为2层。
所述的纤维体是由聚酯纤维和尼龙纤维组成，其质量百分比为1:1～5:1。
所述的纤维体是由聚酯纤维和尼龙纤维组成，其质量百分比为2:1～4:1。
所述的功能性物质为氧化钛或硫酸钡或氧化锌或硫化镉或氧化锆或氧化锡或氧化钒或钛酸锶。所述的固定媒介物为甘油或高分子吸水材料。功能性物质为疏水性材料，能与纤维融合；另外，该功能性物质有光触媒的作用，能够在紫外线或可见光下使有机物分解。
提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉的制作方法，包含以下步骤：
(1)将两种以上的纤维体通过混合纺织制作为纤维层；纤维体混纺前需要进行预处理，在85～105℃下对纤维体进行干燥，使纤维体含水率降低到0.5％以下；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的纤维层浸泡在功能性物质的甘油溶液里，甘油溶液中溶质占比为0.5～5％或者将步骤(1)所得的纤维层浸泡在混合有功能性物质的聚酰胺-丙烯酸钠树脂或淀粉-丙烯酸钠树脂或甲壳质-丙烯酸钠树脂的高分子吸水物质的溶液里；高分子吸水物质的溶液中溶质占比为0.5～5％；
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的纤维层，经干燥得到提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉。
所述的干燥采用真空干燥的方式，首先在50～75℃下烘干10～25分钟，进行预干燥，然后在105～120℃下干燥2～3小时，接着在65～85℃下干燥20～30分钟，最后在1～1.5小时内逐渐降低至室温。
附图说明
图1为本发明提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉的制作方法框架结构示意图。
图2是纤维层结构示意图。
图3是设有媒介物、功能性物质的纤维层的结构示意图。
图4是设有媒介物、功能性物质的纤维体的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：1－较长纤维体；2－较短纤维体；3－功能性物质；4－媒介物质。
具体实施方式
结合图1－图4可知，提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，包括纤维体，所述的纤维体为两种以上，纤维体通过纺织制作为纤维层，纤维层的表面附有具有吸油、有机物的功能性物质3，以及将功能性物质3固定在纤维体表面的媒介物质4。
本发明的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，由两种以上的纤维材料纺织而成，纤维表面附着具有吸油和吸有机物能力的功能性物质3，以及能够把功能性物质3固定在纤维表面的媒介物；由于设置有吸油和吸有机物能力的功能性物质3，吸附过程具有选择性，会大大减少对水份的吸附，从而能极大的提高对油体和有机物进行吸附；由于采用两种不同的纤维材料，纤维材料的纤维体之间产生的空间；上述空间对吸附的油或有机物质具备较强的储存能力，
多功能吸附棉设有的纤维层为2层。
实施例1
纤维体为两种，纤维体是由聚酯纤维和尼龙纤维组成，其质量百分比为1:1；纤维体的长度不同，直径不同；纤维层厚度为5mm；两种纤维体中，较长纤维体1的长度为85mm，直径为30um，较短纤维体2的长度为10mm，直径为10um。
实施例2
纤维体为两种，纤维体是由聚酯纤维和尼龙纤维组成，其质量百分比为5:1；纤维体的长度不同，直径不同；纤维层厚度为20mm；两种纤维体中，较长纤维体1的长度为100mm，直径为60um，较短纤维体2的长度为20mm，直径为20um。
实施例3
纤维体为两种，纤维体是由聚酯纤维和尼龙纤维组成，其质量百分比为3:1；纤维体的长度不同，直径不同；纤维层厚度为15mm；两种纤维体中，所述的较长纤维体1的长度为92mm，直径为45um，较短纤维体2的长度为15mm，直径为15um。
实施例4
纤维体为两种，纤维体是由聚酯纤维和尼龙纤维组成，其质量百分比为2:1；纤维体的长度不同，直径不同；纤维层厚度为10mm；两种纤维体中，较长纤维体1的长度为90mm，直径为50um，较短纤维体2的长度为16mm，直径为17um。
实施例5
纤维体为两种，纤维体是由聚酯纤维和尼龙纤维组成，其质量百分比为4:1；纤维体的长度不同，直径不同；纤维层厚度为17mm；两种纤维体中，较长纤维体1的长度为88mm，直径为35um，较短纤维体2的长度为12mm，直径为13um。
功能性物质3为氧化钛或硫酸钡或氧化锌或硫化镉或氧化锆或氧化锡或氧化钒或钛酸锶；固定媒介物为甘油或高分子吸水材料。功能性物质3为疏水性材料，能与纤维融合；另外，该功能性物质3有光触媒的作用，能够在紫外线或可见光下使有机物分解。
提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉的制作方法，包含以下步骤：
(1)将两种以上的纤维体通过混合纺织制作为纤维层；纤维体混纺前需要进行预处理，在85～105℃下对纤维体进行干燥，使纤维体含水率降低到0.5％以下；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的纤维层浸泡在功能性物质3的甘油溶液里，甘油溶液中溶质占比为0.5～5％或者将步骤(1)所得的纤维层浸泡在混合有功能性物质3的聚酰胺-丙烯酸钠树脂或淀粉-丙烯酸钠树脂或甲壳质-丙烯酸钠树脂的高分子吸水物质的溶液里；高分子吸水物质的溶液中溶质占比为0.5～5％；
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的纤维层，经干燥得到提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉。
所述的干燥采用真空干燥的方式，首先在50～75℃下烘干10～25分钟，进行预干燥，然后在105～120℃下干燥2～3小时，接着在65～85℃下干燥20～30分钟，最后在1～1.5小时内逐渐降低至室温。
对比实验：
对比材料1、2、3为市售吸附棉。
实验一：
用柴油配置不同浓度的水溶液，使废水在相同流量下通过以下四种吸附棉，过滤后产水见表格，通过对比可发现，本发明对柴油的吸附效果高于其他产品，且在高浓度含油量时(3000ppm)的处理效果明显好于其它产品。
表格1：不同吸附棉的吸附效果实验数据。
实验二：
用柴油和机油配置不同浓度的水溶液，使废水在相同流量下通过以下四种吸附棉，过滤后产水见表格，通过对比可发现，本发明对柴油的吸附效果高于其他产品，且在高浓度含油量时(3000ppm)的处理效果明显好于其它产品。
实验三：
用机油配置不同浓度的水溶液，使废水在相同流量下通过以下四种吸附棉，过滤后产水见表格，通过对比可发现，本发明对柴油的吸附效果高于其他产品。
由于以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护不限于此，任何本技术领域的技术人员所能想到本技术方案技术特征的等同的变化或替代，都涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，包括纤维体，其特征在于:所述的纤维体为两种以上，纤维体通过纺织制作为纤维层，纤维层的表面附有具有吸油、有机物的功能性物质，以及将功能性物质固定在纤维体表面的媒介物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，其特征在于：纤维体为两种以上，纤维体的长度不同，直径不同；纤维层厚度为5-20mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，其特征在于：所述的纤维体为两种，两种纤维体中，较长纤维体的长度为85mm～100mm，直径为30um～60um，较短纤维体的长度为10mm～20mm，直径为10um～20um。
4.根据权利要求3所述的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，其特征在于：所述的较长纤维体的长度为92mm，直径为45um，较短纤维体的长度为15mm，直径为15um。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，其特征在于：所述的多功能吸附棉设有的纤维层为2层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，其特征在于：所述的纤维体是由聚酯纤维和尼龙纤维组成，其质量百分比为1:1～5:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，其特征在于：所述的功能性物质为氧化钛或硫酸钡或氧化锌或硫化镉或氧化锆或氧化锡或氧化钒或钛酸锶。
8.根据权利要求1所述的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉，其特征在于：所述的固定媒介物为甘油或高分子吸水材料。
9.根据权利要求1－8任一权利要求所述的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉的制作方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
(1)将两种以上的纤维体通过混合纺织制作为纤维层；纤维体混纺前需要进行预处理，在85～105℃下对纤维体进行干燥，使纤维体含水率降低到0.5％以下；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的纤维层浸泡在功能性物质的甘油溶液里，甘油溶液中溶质占比为0.5～5％或者将步骤(1)所得的纤维层浸泡在混合有功能性物质的聚酰胺-丙烯酸钠树脂或淀粉-丙烯酸钠树脂或甲壳质-丙烯酸钠树脂的高分子吸水物质的溶液里；高分子吸水物质的溶液中溶质占比为0.5～5％；
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的纤维层，经干燥得到提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉。
10.根据权利要求9所述的提高吸附效率的多功能吸附棉的制作方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：所述的干燥采用真空干燥的方式，首先在50～75℃下烘干10～25分钟，进行预干燥，然后在105～120℃下干燥2～3小时，接着在65～85℃下干燥20～30分钟，最后在1～1.5小时内逐渐降低至室温。
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CN103451960A (zh) * 2013-09-16 2013-12-18 吴江市海丰喷织有限公司 一种多用途面料
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US20040035797A1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2004-02-26 Brownstein Jerry M. Loose fiber adsorbent
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