CN105749436A - Slow descent method for high-altitude escape and high-altitude escape device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a slow descent method for high-altitude escape and a high-altitude escape device using the slow descent method. The method utilizes a reverse damping torque generated when a rotor impeller and a stator impeller rotate at a high speed relatively in oil liquid to suppress the rotating speed of the rotor impeller, the device mainly comprises a descent control device, a life-saving rope and a fixing device, wherein the descent control device comprises the stator impeller, the rotor impeller, a shell and a shaft, the stator impeller and the rotor impeller are of two disc structures which are oppositely placed and capable of rotating relative to each other and having front inclined blades on two opposite surfaces respectively, the stator impeller and the shell are fixedly and hermetically connected to form a sealed space filled with oil, the rotor impeller is placed in the sealed space and can rotate relative to the stator impeller and the shell through the shaft, one end of the life-saving rope is connected to the shaft, and the other end thereof is connected with a user or life-saving equipment. The slow descent method disclosed by the invention is safe and reliable, and the high-altitude escape device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, safe and firm, convenient to operate and wide in application range.

Description

Method and overhead escape device drop in the slow of a kind of high altitude escape

Technical field

The present invention relates to high-altitude emergency escaping field, particularly the slow overhead escape device dropping method and adopting the method for a kind of high altitude escape.

Background technology

At present, and high-rise building on the middle and senior level in city gets more and more, once the disaster such as breaking out of fire, earthquake, people are trapped in by big fire when cannot get away in room, just can only wait that fire fighter comes to the rescue, so, the life security making indicator of trapped personnel receives great threat, for the problems referred to above, being developed many escape methods and escaping tool, prior art high and medium escape device is a lot, but there is problems in that 1, structure complicated, volume is heavy, and manufacturing cost is high, it is difficult to be widely applied；2, operating difficulties, trapped personnel operates facing this being in emergency circumstances difficult to of disaster；3, do not possess self-return function, even if possessing return function, it is also desirable to eminence trapped personnel operates and carries out returning height, it is impossible to adapt to the use under many people's needs evacuation situation；4, complexity is installed, the structural requirement of using area is higher.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, and provide a kind of high altitude escape safe and reliable, easy to use to delay and drop method, and a kind of adopt the method simple in construction, portable small and exquisite, easy to install, applied widely, user in decline process without hands-on just can safe escape, and the overhead escape device that can automatically recycle and reuse.

The present invention is realized by following technical proposals:

A kind of for the slow of high altitude escape, method drops, it is characterized in that, one stator impeller and an impeller of rotor with output shaft are set, utilize the reverse damping torque produced during the relatively high speed rotation in a liquid of impeller of rotor and stator impeller to suppress the rotating speed of impeller of rotor.

Further, liquid is driven to pivot and get rid of to described stator impeller during described impeller of rotor high speed rotating, stator impeller is produced percussion, the moment of momentum that impeller of rotor acts on liquid is delivered on stator impeller, meanwhile, liquid is produced the moment of momentum of a back action by described stator impeller, and the described impeller of rotor rotated will be produced described reverse damping torque, hinder the rotation of impeller of rotor, being sized to of described reverse damping torque:

T_B=λ_Bρω_B ²D⁵

In formula, T_BRepresent that liquid effects is in the reverse damping torque (kg m) of stator impeller, λ_BRepresent the moment coefficient (min of impeller of rotor when rotating²/ m), ρ represents the density (kg/m of liquid³),ω_BRepresenting the angular velocity (rad/s) that impeller of rotor rotates, D represents the effective diameter (m) of impeller of rotor circulation circle.This slow advantage dropping method is simple and reliable, according to the difference using object, it is possible to preset different sizes to meet different instructions for uses.

nullA kind of adopt the aforementioned slow overhead escape device dropping method，Main by descending lifeline、Life line and fixing device composition，Described descending lifeline includes stator impeller、Impeller of rotor、Housing、Bearing、Axle，Stator impeller and impeller of rotor all include disc structure，These two disc structures are staggered relatively and can relatively rotate，The opposite face of said two disc structure is separately installed with the top rake blade around disk axis，Center surface of blade incline direction and impeller of rotor and stator impeller relative turns to identical，The root of blade connects with the inward flange arranged on the disc structure of stator impeller and impeller of rotor and outward flange respectively with top，The outward flange of stator impeller and housing fixed seal connection also enclose confined space，In described confined space hydraulically full，The inward flange of impeller of rotor is fixing with axle to be connected，The two ends of axle are fixedly mounted on the inward flange of stator impeller and the center of housing by bearing and respectively stretch out one section of section of stretching out，Impeller of rotor is placed in described confined space and can pass through axle relative stator impeller and housing into rotation，One end of described life line is connected on axle，One end connects user or lifesaving appliance，Described fixing device connecting stator impeller or housing，For fixing described overhead escape device；The advantage of this structure is simple in construction, easy to use, user just can safe escape without hands-on in decline process.

Further, this overhead escape device also includes a return spring, the two ends of return spring are connected on stator impeller and axle, for making the axle of deflection be returned to initial position, the advantage of this structure is that life line can rewind back under the effect of return spring, it is ensured that this device is reused after on user life line, safety releases, this return spring uses wind spring, and the advantage of this structure is convenient installation.

Further, this overhead escape device also includes a rope support, rope support is arranged in the section of stretching out of described axle, life line is wrapped on rope support, the benefit of this structure is the folding and unfolding of more convenient life line, and can make that life line is safer to be firmly secured on this lifesaving appliance, to avoid the danger of life line landing.

Further, this overhead escape device is additionally provided with oil sealing in the contact site of axle with the inward flange of stator impeller, housing, and the benefit of this structure is to prevent leaked liquid, keeps the stability in use of this device.

Further, the fixing device on the stator impeller of this overhead escape device or housing is suspension hook, and Suspension hook structure is simple, applied widely, can this escape device be fixed in the various building structure such as balcony, windowsill, steel pipe portablely, the requirement of using area is low, applied widely.

Further, between described center surface of blade and described axle angle range for 20 degree to 50 degree.

Further, the described liquid being full of in the confined space of described descending lifeline is fluid, and the ratio of viscosities of fluid is higher, it is possible to increase the result of use of this overhead escape device.

During use, by suspension hook, this device is fixed, people and life line fix, then, people can be declined by self gravitation from windowsill or balcony, and life line drives the impeller of rotor high speed rotating of descending lifeline, liquid is driven to pivot during impeller of rotor high speed rotating, meanwhile, liquid, along the circle rotary motion of blade internal recycle, gets rid of to stator impeller.When liquid gets rid of to stator impeller, stator impeller blade is produced percussion, meanwhile, liquid is also produced a back action by fixing stator impeller blade, and the impeller of rotor rotated will be produced reverse damping torque, hinder the rotation of impeller of rotor, thus realizing the decelerating effect of human body in declining.

The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that

The inventive method adopts eddy-current loss principle, utilize the reverse damping torque produced during the relatively high speed rotation in a liquid of the impeller of rotor arranged in device and stator impeller to control the decrease speed of overhead escape device, namely the decrease speed of user is controlled, ensure the safe escape of user, and the present invention is when the design that zooms in or out for the overhead escape device on certain fundamental mode basis, it is possible to accurately calculate braking torque.

Apparatus of the present invention do not have the frame for movement of complexity, Circuits System and control system, whole device is simply compact, securely, simple to operate, suspension hook on device may be mounted in the various building structure such as balcony, windowsill, steel pipe, window, requires low to using area, applied widely, device automatically can be returned to original state rapidly by the returning spring on device after using, and convenient in case of emergency many people use continuously.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of overhead escape device of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of a kind of overhead escape device of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of stator impeller in a kind of overhead escape device of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a kind of overhead escape device rotor impeller of the present invention；

Detailed description of the invention

nullAs Figure 1-4，A kind of overhead escape device，Main by descending lifeline、Life line 7 and suspension hook 9 form，Descending lifeline includes stator impeller 1、Impeller of rotor 2、Housing 3、Bearing 5、Axle 8，Stator impeller 1 and impeller of rotor 2 all include disc structure，These two disc structures are staggered relatively and can relatively rotate，The opposite face of two disc structures is separately installed with the top rake blade 4 around disk axis，Center surface of blade 6 incline direction and impeller of rotor 2 and stator impeller 1 relative turns to identical，Between center surface of blade 6 and axle 8, angle ranges for 20 degree to 50 degree，The root of blade 4 connects with the inward flange arranged on the disc structure of stator impeller 1 and impeller of rotor 2 and outward flange respectively with top，The outward flange of stator impeller 1 and housing 3 fixed seal connection also enclose confined space，Fluid it is full of in confined space，The inward flange of impeller of rotor 2 is fixing with axle 8 to be connected，The two ends of axle 8 are fixedly mounted on the inward flange of stator impeller 1 and the center of housing 3 by bearing 5 and are respectively stretched out one section of section of stretching out，The section of stretching out is provided with rope support 11，Life line 7 is arranged on rope support 11，Impeller of rotor 2 is placed in confined space and can be rotated by axle 8 relative stator impeller 1 and housing 3，The inward flange of axle 8 and stator impeller 1、The contact site of housing 3 is also equipped with the oil sealing 12 preventing fluid from leaking，One end of life line 7 is connected on axle 8，One end connects user or lifesaving appliance，Fixing device connecting stator impeller 1 or housing 3，For fixing overhead escape device；Overhead escape device also includes a return spring 10, and the two ends of return spring 10 are connected on stator impeller 1 and axle 8, and for making the axle 8 of deflection be returned to initial position, return spring 10 uses wind spring.

During use, by suspension hook, this device is fixed, people and life line 7 fix, then, people can be declined by self gravitation from windowsill or balcony, and life line 7 drives impeller of rotor 2 high speed rotating of descending lifeline, fluid is driven to pivot during impeller of rotor 2 high speed rotating, meanwhile, fluid, along the circle rotary motion of blade 4 internal recycle, gets rid of to stator impeller 1.When fluid gets rid of to stator impeller 1, the blade 4 of stator impeller 1 is produced percussion, simultaneously, fluid is also produced a back action by the blade 4 of fixing stator impeller 1, the impeller of rotor 2 rotated will be produced reverse damping torque, hinder the rotation of impeller of rotor 2, thus realizing the decelerating effect of human body in declining.

Wherein reversely damping torque can be obtained by following derivation:

Fluid flowing in rotor impeller 2 is a kind of compound motion: by the flowing (relative motion) relative to impeller of rotor 2 with along with impeller of rotor 2 combines around the rotation of spin axis line (transport motion) together.

According to vector addition theorem it can be seen that fluid particle absolute velocity v of certain point on impeller of rotor 2, it is the vector of relative velocity w and velocity of following u, that is:

V=w+u (1)

It is easy to analyze and for the purpose of calculating, absolute velocity is decomposed into orthogonal two component velocities, it may be assumed that

V=v_m+v_u(2)

Wherein v_mAxial plane divides speed, absolute velocity projection on axial plane, tangent with meridian streamline；

v_uCircumference divides speed, absolute velocity projection in a circumferential direction, divides speed perpendicular with axial plane.

Between impeller of rotor 2 blade, on central authorities' surface of revolution, the velocity of following of any one fluid particle and axial plane component of velocity can be tried to achieve by following formula:

$u=r\mathrm{\ω}=\frac{2\mathrm{\π}Rn}{60}---\left(3\right)$

$v_m=\frac{Q}{A_m}---\left(4\right)$

In formula, this fluid particle of r is to the radius (m) of spin axis line；

The angle of revolution speed of ω impeller of rotor 2, (rad/s)；

The rotating speed of n impeller of rotor 2, (r/min)；

Q is by the circular flow (m of the runner of impeller of rotor 2³/s)；

A_mBy this point the flow section area (m being perpendicular to axial plane minute speed²)

The radius (m) of R impeller of rotor 2；

Then, according to speed vector figure:

v_u=u-v_mCtg (π-β)=u+v_mCtg β=ω r+v_mctgβ(5)

Wherein β is the angle of relative velocity w and velocity of following u.

According to the moment of momentum theorem: act in moment of face on control volume and unit interval by the moment of momentum sum of chain of command net inflow equal to the increment of fluid momentum square in control volume in the unit interval.

For descending lifeline, take work fluid in impeller of rotor 2 as control volume, impeller of rotor 2 acts on the moment of torsion of fluid:

Wherein:

T impeller of rotor 2 acts on the moment of torsion (kg.m) of fluid；

T unit interval (s)；

The position vector (m) of r fluid infinitesimal；

The velocity (m/s) of v fluid infinitesimal；

Volume (the m of dV fluid infinitesimal³)；

Surface area (the m of dA fluid infinitesimal²)；

Volume (the m of V control volume³)；

Surface area (the m of A control volume²)；

ρ fluid density (kg/m³)。

Due to above formula vector representation, it is rewritten into quantic:

$\begin{array}{c}T=\underset{i}{\overset{o}{\∫}}\frac{\∂}{\∂t}\left({\mathrm{r\ρv}}_u\right)A_{m}dr+({\mathrm{\ρ}}_o{v}_{uo}{v}_{mo}{r}_o{A}_{mo}-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_i{v}_{ui}{v}_{mi}{r}_i{A}_{mi})\\ =\underset{i}{\overset{o}{\∫}}\frac{\∂}{\∂t}\[r\mathrm{\ρ}(\mathrm{\ω}r+v_{m}ctg\mathrm{\β})\]A_{m}dr+\[{\mathrm{\ρ}}_o({\mathrm{\ωr}}_o+v_{mo}{\mathrm{ctg\β}}_o)v_{mo}{r}_o{A}_{mo}\\ -{\mathrm{\ρ}}_i({\mathrm{\ωr}}_i+v_{mi}{\mathrm{ctg\β}}_i)v_{mi}{r}_i{A}_{mi}\]\\ =\mathrm{\ρ}\underset{i}{\overset{o}{\∫}}\[r({\mathrm{\ω}}^{\′}r+v_m^{\′}ctg\mathrm{\β})\]A_{m}dr+\[{\mathrm{\ρ}}_o({\mathrm{\ωr}}_o+v_{mo}{\mathrm{ctg\β}}_o)v_{mo}{r}_o{A}_{mo}\\ -{\mathrm{\ρ}}_i({\mathrm{\ωr}}_i+v_{mi}{\mathrm{ctg\β}}_i)v_{mi}{r}_i{A}_{mi}\]\end{array}---\left(7\right)$

Wherein, the corresponding parameter of the fluid particle that distance spin axis line is o is represented with subscript o；The corresponding parameter of the fluid particle that distance spin axis line is o is represented with subscript i；With subscript ' represent the instantaneous value of each parameter.

According to the seriality that fluid flows in closing pipe line:

v_mi=v_mo=v_mA_mi=A_mo=A_mρ_i=ρ_o=ρ

Then (7) just can simplify the moment of torsion expression formula obtaining impeller of rotor 2 with working oil liquid phase mutual effect further:

$T={\mathrm{\ρA}}_m\underset{i}{\overset{o}{\∫}}({\mathrm{\ω}}^{\′}r+v_m^{\′}ctg\mathrm{\β})rdr+{\mathrm{\ρA}}_m{v}_m\[({\mathrm{\ωr}}_o+v_m{\mathrm{ctg\β}}_o)r_o-({\mathrm{\ωr}}_i+v_m{\mathrm{ctg\β}}_i)r_i\]---\left(8\right)$

It will be seen that impeller of rotor 2 moment of torsion expression formula is made up of two parts, integral termConstitute transient portion thereof, when descending lifeline reaches steady-working state, ω '=0, v '_m=0, then the value of transient term is zero.Therefore, the moment of torsion expression formula of stable state can be write:

T=ρ A_mv_m[(ωr_o+v_mctgβ_o)r_o-(ωr_i+v_mctgβ_i)r_i](9)

In hydraulic power, mainly ensure dynamic similarity with the fluid motion criterion numeral reynolds number Re of ratio between sign inertia force and viscous force.The expression formula of reynolds number Re is generally the product of a certain linear dimension and intrinsic speed and the ratio of fluid kinematic viscosity coefficient.In Hydraulic Machinery, with effective diameter D for linear dimension, take ω_BD (or n_BD) as intrinsic speed, so:

$\mathrm{Re}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ω}}_B\·D^2}{\mathrm{\ν}}---\left(10\right)$

In formula: ω_BDescending lifeline impeller of rotor 2 (rotor) angular velocity, (1/s)；

D descending lifeline effective diameter, (m)；

ν working oil kinematic viscosity coefficient, (m²/s)；

For the purpose of eye-catching, representing that model is with in kind, represents each parameter of impeller of rotor 2 with subscript B respectively with subscript M, S, 1B and 2B represents that each parameter of impeller of rotor 2 is in the 1 moment value corresponding with 2 moment respectively.Export for impeller of rotor 2, due to kinematic similitude, then:

$\frac{v_{m2B}^M}{v_{m2B}^S}=\frac{u_{2B}^M}{u_{2B}^S}=\frac{{\left(R_{2B}{\mathrm{\ω}}_B\right)}^M}{{\left(R_{2B}{\mathrm{\ω}}_B\right)}^S}=\frac{{\left({\mathrm{\α}}_{R2B}{\mathrm{D\ω}}_B\right)}^M}{{\left({\mathrm{\α}}_{R2B}{\mathrm{D\ω}}_B\right)}^S}---\left(11\right)$

α in formula_RFor the ratio of radius in impeller of rotor 2 respective point Yu effective diameter D,

Due to runner geometric similarity, then (α_R2BDω_B)^M=(α_R2BDω_B)^S；

So the ratio of circular flow:

$\frac{Q^M}{Q^S}=\frac{{\left(v_{m2B}{A}_{m2B}\right)}^M}{{\left(v_{m2B}{A}_{m2B}\right)}^S}=\frac{{\left(v_{m2B}{\mathrm{\α}}_{R2B}{D}^2\right)}^M}{{\left(v_{m2B}{\mathrm{\α}}_{R2B}{D}^2\right)}^S}=\frac{{\left({\mathrm{\ω}}_B{D}^3\right)}^M}{{\left({\mathrm{\ω}}_B{D}^3\right)}^S}---\left(12\right)$

Consider the steady-working state of descending lifeline, by formula (9):

T=ρ_ov_uov_mor_oA_mo-ρ_iv_uiv_mir_iA_mi

=ρ (v_uor_oQ-v_uir_iQ)=ρ Q (v_uor_o-v_uir_i)

(13)

Impeller of rotor 2 is exported:

$\frac{{T_B}^M}{{T_B}^S}=\frac{{\[\mathrm{\ρ}Q(v_{u2B}{R}_{2B}-v_{u1B}{R}_{1B})\]}^M}{{\[\mathrm{\ρ}Q(v_{u2B}{R}_{2B}-v_{u1B}{R}_{1B})\]}^S}---\left(14\right)$

Formula (11), (12) are substituted into above formula, and abbreviation can obtain:

$\frac{{T_B}^M}{{T_B}^S}=\frac{{\left({{\mathrm{\ρ\ω}}_B}^2{D}^5\right)}^M}{{\left({{\mathrm{\ρ\ω}}_B}^2{D}^5\right)}^S}---\left(15\right)$

OrderFor impeller of rotor 2 moment of torsion dimensionless coefficient, then:

T_B=λ_Bρω_B ²D⁵(16)

In formula, T_BRepresent that impeller of rotor 2 acts on the moment of torsion of fluid, namely fluid acts on the reverse damping torque (kg m) of stator impeller 1, λ_BRepresent the moment coefficient (min of impeller of rotor 2 when rotating²/ m), ρ represents the density (kg/m of work fluid³),ω_BRepresenting the angular velocity (rad/s) that impeller of rotor 2 rotates, D represents the effective diameter (m) of impeller of rotor 2 circulation circle.

Namely five powers that the moment of torsion that descending lifeline impeller of rotor 2 work produces circulates circle effective diameter to the quadratic sum of the first power of the liquid-tight degree of working oil, impeller of rotor 2 rotating speed are directly proportional.

In using, the reverse damping torque that the impeller of rotor 2 of this overhead escape device is subject to becomes quadratic power relation with increase with wheel speed, namely after people's decrease speed increases to certain value, the reverse damping torque of human bady gravitational and descending lifeline is to balance, and human body decrease speed will remain stable for.

Therefore, for when the design that on certain fundamental mode basis, descending lifeline zoomed in or out, it is possible to use above formula calculates braking torque.

By calculating design, this device can ensure that human body decrease speed is in safety range, it is ensured that human-body safety is slow is down to ground.

Claims (10)

1. one kind is dropped method for the slow of high altitude escape, it is characterized in that, one stator impeller and an impeller of rotor with output shaft are set, utilize the reverse damping torque produced during the relatively high speed rotation in a liquid of impeller of rotor and stator impeller to suppress the rotating speed of impeller of rotor.

2. according to claim 1 for the slow of high altitude escape, method drops, it is characterized in that, liquid is driven to pivot and get rid of to described stator impeller during described impeller of rotor high speed rotating, stator impeller is produced percussion, the moment of momentum that impeller of rotor acts on liquid is delivered on stator impeller, simultaneously, liquid is produced the moment of momentum of a back action by described stator impeller, the described impeller of rotor rotated will be produced described reverse damping torque, hinder the rotation of impeller of rotor, thus suppressing the rotating speed of impeller of rotor.

3. according to claim 1 or 2 arbitrary described the slow of high altitude escape that be used for, method drops, it is characterised in that being sized to of described reverse damping torque:

T_B=λ_Bρω_B ²D⁵

In formula, T_BRepresent that liquid effects is in the reverse damping torque (kg m) of stator impeller, λ_BRepresent the moment coefficient (min of impeller of rotor when rotating²/ m), ρ represents the density (kg/m of liquid³),ω_BRepresenting the angular velocity (rad/s) that impeller of rotor rotates, D represents the effective diameter (m) of impeller of rotor circulation circle.

null4. one kind adopts the slow overhead escape device dropping method described in claim 1，It is characterized in that，This device is mainly by descending lifeline、Life line (7) and fixing device composition，Described descending lifeline includes stator impeller (1)、Impeller of rotor (2)、Housing (3)、Bearing (5)、Axle (8)，Stator impeller (1) and impeller of rotor (2) all include disc structure，These two disc structures are staggered relatively and can relatively rotate，The opposite face of said two disc structure is separately installed with the top rake blade (4) around disk axis，Center surface of blade (6) incline direction and impeller of rotor (2) and stator impeller (1) relative turns to identical，The root of blade (4) connects with the inward flange arranged on the disc structure of stator impeller (1) and impeller of rotor (2) and outward flange respectively with top，The outward flange of stator impeller (1) and housing (3) fixed seal connection also enclose confined space，In described confined space hydraulically full，The inward flange of impeller of rotor (2) is fixing with axle (8) to be connected，The two ends of axle (8) are fixedly mounted on the inward flange of stator impeller (1) and the center of housing (3) by bearing (5) and are respectively stretched out one section of section of stretching out，Impeller of rotor (2) is placed in described confined space and can pass through axle (8) relative stator impeller (1) and housing (3) rotates，One end of described life line (7) is connected on axle (8)，One end connects user or lifesaving appliance，Described fixing device connecting stator impeller (1) or housing (3)，For fixing described overhead escape device.

5. overhead escape device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described overhead escape device also includes a return spring (10), described return spring (10) uses wind spring, the two ends of wind spring are connected on stator impeller (1) and axle (8), for making the axle (8) of deflection be returned to initial position.

6. overhead escape device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described life line (7) is arranged in described axle (8) section of stretching out on the rope support (11) of setting.

7. overhead escape device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the contact site of described axle (8) and the inward flange of stator impeller (1), housing (3) is also equipped with preventing the oil sealing (12) of leaked liquid.

8. overhead escape device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described fixing device is suspension hook (9).

9. according to the arbitrary described overhead escape device of claim 4-8, it is characterised in that between described center surface of blade (6) and described axle (8), angle ranges for 20 degree to 50 degree.

10. according to the arbitrary described overhead escape device of claim 4-8, it is characterised in that the described liquid being full of in the confined space of described descending lifeline is fluid.