CN105748069B - 一种中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置 - Google Patents

一种中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置 Download PDF

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CN105748069B
CN105748069B CN201610251692.6A CN201610251692A CN105748069B CN 105748069 B CN105748069 B CN 105748069B CN 201610251692 A CN201610251692 A CN 201610251692A CN 105748069 B CN105748069 B CN 105748069B
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carbon dioxide
mask
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罗远明
陈永毅
罗英梅
邱志辉
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Guangzhou Ruishibo Medical Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置，包括鼓风机、装有二氧化碳的气瓶、气囊、面罩和利用电信号检测中枢性呼吸暂停的检测机构；所述面罩设有通孔，此通孔连通面罩的内侧和外侧；所述面罩通过第一管道与气囊的一端连接；所述气囊的另一端通过第二管道与鼓风机连接，所述气瓶通过第三管道与第二管道连接；所述第三管道设有流量计。本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置可为患者出现中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停时提供稳定的、适度的二氧化碳，从而在纠正中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停事件的同时，不会增加觉醒和微觉醒的频率。

Description

一种中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗装置，具体来说是一种中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置。
背景技术
二氧化碳是呼吸中枢兴奋剂。正常的呼吸节律有赖于体内二氧化碳维持在恒定水平。在一定范围内，若血液中二氧化碳浓度过高，刺激脑干化学感受器引起呼吸加深加快；当血液中二氧化碳浓度降低则会引起呼吸暂停。清醒状态下，血液中二氧化碳浓度降低引起的呼吸抑制可通过大脑皮层兴奋得到补偿维持正常的呼吸运动。然而，在睡眠状态下，血液中二氧化碳浓度下降可以引起睡眠呼吸暂停。
而心衰患者睡眠时常由于血液中二氧化碳降低，造成中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停频繁发作，导致间歇缺氧，进一步损害心功能并增加心衰患者的死亡率。吸入二氧化碳可消除中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停事件，改善心功能。然而，吸入过多的二氧化碳会引起觉醒，影响睡眠，加重病情；吸入的二氧化碳浓度过低，又不能有效纠正中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停事件。引起中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停和觉醒之间的血中二氧化碳浓度仅有微小之差。目前在中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停的治疗中，主要根据放置在鼻子出口处的气流传感器和2条分别捆绑在胸部和腹部的胸腹带判断患者是否处于呼吸暂停。气流传感器和胸腹带会引起患者不适，影响患者的入睡。因此，目前急需一种有效、舒适的二氧化碳吸入治疗设备以供中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停病人，特别是心衰合并中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停病人使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服以上现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置。此中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置可给患者提供稳定、适度的二氧化碳，以有效纠正患者在睡眠中发生呼吸暂停事件，同时不会导致觉醒及微觉醒的增多。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置，包括鼓风机、装有二氧化碳的气瓶、气囊、面罩和用于检测中枢性呼吸暂停的检测机构；所述面罩设有通孔，此通孔连通面罩的内侧和外侧；所述面罩通过第一管道与气囊的一端连接；所述气囊的另一端通过第二管道与鼓风机连接，所述气瓶通过第三管道与第二管道连接；所述第三管道设有流量计；所述检测机构包括至少一对用于采集脑电信号的脑电记录电极、至少一对用于采集隔肌肌电信号的肌电记录电极、信号放大器和信号分析仪，所述脑电记录电极和肌电记录电极均通过信号放大器与信号分析仪连接。
优选的，所述面罩的外沿与面部松弛连接。
优选的，所述气瓶中二氧化碳的体积百分比含量为5％～100％。本发明中的气瓶存放着高压、高浓度的二氧化碳，从而和鼓风机输入的空气混合后能为患者提供适量浓度的二氧化碳。气瓶中二氧化碳的体积百分比含量进一步优选为60％～95％。
优选的，所述通孔的数量为多个，多个所述通孔平均分成两组，此两组通孔分别位于口罩的左右两边。
优选的，所述的中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置还包括报警器，所述报警器与第一管道连接。
本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置的工作原理如下所述：
将脑电记录电极贴于患者头部，然后将肌电记录电极放置于食道或胸部表面，再给患者佩戴好面罩，然后启动鼓风机，且令鼓风机向面罩以恒流输送空气。实时监测患者睡眠的呼吸状况，即观察来自脑电记录电极和肌电记录电极检测的经过放大器处理的信号，医护人员根据信号分析仪所显示信号判断患者是否出现睡眠呼吸暂停。
当患者在睡眠中出现呼吸暂停事件时，医护人员打开气瓶的阀门，令气瓶输出适度流量的二氧化碳，此二氧化碳与鼓风机输入的恒定空气流混合均匀后进入面罩，从而让患者吸入适量浓度的二氧化碳，以刺激呼吸中枢，纠正呼吸暂停。在此过程中，在检测机构实时检测患者睡眠呼吸情况下，通过逐步调节气瓶的阀门，逐渐增大气瓶输出的二氧化碳流量，直到取得消除中枢性睡眠呼暂停事件的最低有效二氧化碳浓度为止。
本发明相对于现有技术，具有如下的有益效果：
1、本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置主要由鼓风机、装有二氧化碳的气瓶和面罩等构成，通过鼓风机、气瓶和面罩等的配合，从而为患者提供稳定的、适度的二氧化碳，从而有效纠正中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停事件。
2、本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置中的面罩设有通孔，且面罩不需要与面部进行密封，从而消除了呼气阻力，减少了治疗的不适，保证患者入睡时的舒适性，也减少患者呼出气中的二氧化碳对吸入二氧化碳的影响。
3、本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置中第一管道和第二管道通过气囊连接，则鼓风机吹入的空气和自气瓶流出来的二氧化碳可混合均匀，以保证进入口罩时混合后气体的均匀性，保证良好的治疗效果。
4、本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置中的检测机构主要由脑电记录电极、肌电记录电极、信号放大器和信号分析仪构成，这代替了传统的气流传感器和胸腹带，故保证了检测结果的准确性，也提高了患者使用时的舒适性。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的一种中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置的整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为便于本领域技术人员理解，下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1：
如图1所示，本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置，包括鼓风机1、装有二氧化碳的气瓶2、气囊3、面罩4和用于检测中枢性呼吸暂停的检测机构；所述面罩4设有通孔5，此通孔5连通面罩4的内侧和外侧；所述面罩4通过第一管道6与气囊3的一端连接；所述气囊3的另一端通过第二管道7与鼓风机1连接，所述气瓶3通过第三管道8与第二管道7连接；所述第三管道8设有流量计9。具体的，通过鼓风机1和气瓶2稳定的提供适度的二氧化碳(即让患者吸入能消除中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停的最低有效浓度的二氧化碳)，通过二氧化碳刺激呼吸中枢，从而有效地纠正中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停事件，且患者不会因二氧化碳浓度过高而导致觉醒，提高睡眠质量。而气瓶2中储存的气体除二氧化碳外，还有氧气，其中二氧化碳的体积百分比含量为79％，而氧气的体积百分比含量为21％。
所述检测机构包括至少一对用于采集脑电信号的脑电记录电极、至少一对用于采集隔肌肌电信号的肌电记录电极、信号放大器和信号分析仪，所述脑电记录电极和肌电记录电极均通过信号放大器与信号分析仪连接。本实施中的脑电记录电极采用2对，这两对分别贴在患者头部的两则，以实时监测患者的睡眠状况。而肌电记录电极可为置于食道内的膈肌电记录电极，也可为放置胸部两则的贴片式肌电记录电极。本实施例中，肌电记录电极为贴片式肌电记录电极，通过肌电的存在与否判断中枢性呼吸暂停事件。
所述面罩4的外沿与面部松弛连接。松弛连接即是面罩4与面部之间可为有间距，而不采用密封连接方式，即允许漏气，这保证患者配带面罩时的舒适性。
所述的中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置还包括报警器10，所述报警器10与第一管道6连接。报警器10可随时监测通过第一管道6的二氧化碳的浓度，当二氧化碳浓度较高时，报警器10发出报警信号，以防止患者因装置失灵造成吸入过多二氧化碳，从而保证患者的人身安全。
所述通孔5的数量为多个，多个所述通孔5平均分成两组，此两组通孔5分别位于口罩4的左右两边。此设置保证了口罩4排气的顺畅性，提高了舒适性。
本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置的使用过程如下所述：
将脑电记录电极贴于患者头部，然后将肌电记录电极放置于食道或胸部表面，再通过绳带11给患者佩戴好面罩4，然后启动鼓风机1，且令鼓风机1向面罩4以恒流输送空气。实时监测患者睡眠的呼吸状况，即脑电记录电极和肌电记录电极检测的信号通过信号放大器后显示于信号分析仪，根据信号分析仪所显示的信号判断患者是否出现中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停。
当患者入睡后出现呼吸肌肌电间断性消失时，打开气瓶2的阀门，以流量计9显示的流速为0.1L/min开始，根据呼吸肌肌电间断性消失逐渐开大气瓶阀门。以10分钟内出现二次呼吸肌肌电消失，增加气瓶二氧化碳流速0.05L/min的速率逐渐提高二氧化碳吸入浓度，直到呼吸肌肌电不再出现间断性消失。当获得最低有效二氧化碳浓度时，固定气阀，让受试者持续治疗。
实施例2
本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置除以下技术特征外同实施例1：所述气瓶中二氧化碳的体积百分比含量为60％。
实施例3
本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置除以下技术特征外同实施例1：所述气瓶中二氧化碳的体积百分比含量为95％。
实施例4
本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置除以下技术特征外同实施例1：所述气瓶中二氧化碳的体积百分比含量为5％。
实施例5
本中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置除以下技术特征外同实施例1：所述气瓶中二氧化碳的体积百分比含量为100％。
上述具体实施方式为本发明的优选实施例，并不能对本发明进行限定，其他的任何未背离本发明的技术方案而所做的改变或其它等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置，其特征在于：包括鼓风机、装有二氧化碳的气瓶、气囊、面罩和用于检测中枢性呼吸暂停的检测机构；所述面罩设有通孔，此通孔连通面罩的内侧和外侧；所述面罩通过第一管道与气囊的一端连接；所述气囊的另一端通过第二管道与鼓风机连接，所述气瓶通过第三管道与第二管道连接；所述第三管道设有流量计；所述检测机构包括至少一对用于采集脑电信号的脑电记录电极、至少一对用于采集隔肌肌电信号的肌电记录电极、信号放大器和信号分析仪，所述脑电记录电极和肌电记录电极均通过信号放大器与信号分析仪连接；所述面罩的外沿与面部松弛连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置，其特征在于：所述气瓶中二氧化碳的体积百分比含量为5％～100％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置，其特征在于：所述通孔的数量为多个，多个所述通孔平均分成两组，此两组通孔分别位于口罩的左右两边。
4.根据权利要求1所述的中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停二氧化碳吸入治疗装置，其特征在于：还包括报警器，所述报警器与第一管道连接。
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