CN105740968A - Land use space automatic configuration system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及计算机仿真应用技术领域，具体涉及一种土地利用空间自动配置系统。The invention relates to the technical field of computer simulation applications, in particular to an automatic land use space configuration system.
背景技术Background technique
土地利用空间配置是促进土地资源的集约和节约利用，实现土地利用可持续发展的重要手段，也是土地利用规划的核心问题。它需要根据土地的自然属性及区域社会经济状况，来综合确定土地利用数量结构，并对各类用地进行空间布局，以实现综合效益的最大化。土地利用空间配置问题涉及多个目标及约束条件，随着数据维数的增加，其可能的组合呈爆炸式增长，利用常规的穷尽搜索方法(brute-forcesearch)无法找到最优的解决方案。如何找到一种客观的、定量化的多目标空间优化配置方法，解决土地资源在数量上、质量上和空间上的合理配置，一直是土地利用空间配置需要研究和解决的热点问题。The spatial allocation of land use is an important means to promote the intensive and economical use of land resources and realize the sustainable development of land use, and it is also the core issue of land use planning. It needs to comprehensively determine the quantitative structure of land use according to the natural attributes of the land and regional socio-economic conditions, and make spatial layouts of various land uses to maximize the comprehensive benefits. The problem of spatial allocation of land use involves multiple objectives and constraints. With the increase of data dimension, the possible combinations are explosively increasing. The optimal solution cannot be found by conventional exhaustive search method (brute-force search). How to find an objective and quantitative multi-objective spatial optimal allocation method to solve the rational allocation of land resources in terms of quantity, quality and space has always been a hot issue that needs to be studied and solved in the spatial allocation of land use.
至今，已有大量的方法和技术被用于解决土地利用空间配置问题，它们大致可以分为以下三类：基于多准则决策的配置技术、基于元胞自动机的配置模型及基于数学规划的方法。早期的研究较多的使用基于GIS的多准则决策技术，将多目标决策或理想点分析等方法应用于准则规则中，根据土地利用的优先级别、适宜性评价指数的高低逐步为各个土地利用单元选择最佳用途。然而，此方法由于缺乏全局目标函数无法解决土地利用多宜性问题。此后，许多研究运用元胞自动机模型，建立元胞局域转换规则集和约束体系，运用其强大的空间模拟能力来实现土地利用空间布局。但是，元胞自动机模型只考虑了自身与邻域状态，缺乏社会、经济等宏观目标的指导，导致模拟结果无法满足全局目标的要求。近年来，在土地利用空间配置的研究中，出现了一些基于数学规划(如整数规划、目标规划)的配置方法，它们由于拥有全局目标函数与约束条件，能够克服以往模型的缺点。但其面临的一个主要问题是模型受数据量限制，能处理的问题规模有限且耗费计算时间巨大。So far, a large number of methods and technologies have been used to solve land use spatial allocation problems, which can be roughly divided into the following three categories: allocation technology based on multi-criteria decision-making, allocation model based on cellular automata, and methods based on mathematical programming . Early studies mostly used GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making technology, applying methods such as multi-objective decision-making or ideal point analysis to rule rules, and gradually for each land-use unit according to the priority level of land use and the level of suitability evaluation index. Choose the best use. However, this method cannot solve the problem of land use diversity due to the lack of a global objective function. Since then, many studies have used the cellular automata model to establish cellular local transformation rule sets and constraint systems, and use its powerful spatial simulation capabilities to realize the spatial layout of land use. However, the cellular automaton model only considers the state of itself and its neighbors, and lacks the guidance of macro-objectives such as society and economy, so the simulation results cannot meet the requirements of the global goal. In recent years, in the study of spatial allocation of land use, some allocation methods based on mathematical programming (such as integer programming, objective programming) have emerged. Because they have global objective functions and constraints, they can overcome the shortcomings of previous models. But one of the main problems it faces is that the model is limited by the amount of data, the scale of the problem that can be handled is limited and the calculation time is huge.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种土地利用空间自动配置系统，充分利用计算机的并行计算能力，有效提高了土地利用空间配置效率。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an automatic allocation system of land use space, which makes full use of the parallel computing capability of a computer and effectively improves the efficiency of land use space allocation.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
一种土地利用空间自动配置系统，包括A land use space automatic configuration system, comprising
数据采集模块，用于获取遥感图像土地利用场景数据和土地利用空间配置的基础数据；The data collection module is used to obtain the basic data of remote sensing image land use scene data and land use spatial configuration;
数据处理模块，用于建立遥感图像土地利用场景分类训练集，并将所得的遥感图像土地利用场景分类训练集中的场景图像转换为灰度图像，并将提取的土地利用空间配置的基础数据进行整合后与所得的灰度图像进行融合，发送到三维生成模块；The data processing module is used to establish a remote sensing image land use scene classification training set, convert the obtained scene images in the remote sensing image land use scene classification training set into grayscale images, and integrate the extracted basic data of land use spatial configuration Afterwards, it is fused with the obtained grayscale image and sent to the three-dimensional generation module;
三维生成模块，包括180°立体柱状环幕、高性能图形集群服务器和六组3D投影仪，面向六通道同步并行图像运算，涵盖各种土地类型图像，并予以详细刻画；3D generation module, including 180° three-dimensional cylindrical ring screen, high-performance graphics cluster server and six sets of 3D projectors, is oriented to six-channel synchronous parallel image computing, covering images of various land types and describing them in detail;
虚拟作动器，用于驱动参数变化的，与三维生成模块中的各元素建立关系后，可以在指定的范围内对参数进行变动，从而可以驱动仿真分析方法针对不同的参数进行计算求解；The virtual actuator is used to drive parameter changes. After establishing a relationship with each element in the 3D generation module, the parameters can be changed within a specified range, so that the simulation analysis method can be driven to calculate and solve different parameters;
虚拟传感器，用来在仿真模型中插入各类型的虚拟结构来达到直接获取相应的结果或信息的目标的逻辑单元；Virtual sensors are logic units used to insert various types of virtual structures into the simulation model to directly obtain corresponding results or information;
仿真分析模块，用于将输入参数划分为单元、特性和载荷，进行分析和计算；The simulation analysis module is used to divide the input parameters into units, characteristics and loads for analysis and calculation;
优化设计模块，用于输入可以分解为设计变量、设计目标和设计约束，再结合优化算法和优化结果进行三维模型的优化；The optimization design module is used to decompose the input into design variables, design objectives and design constraints, and then combine the optimization algorithm and optimization results to optimize the 3D model;
优化设计模块驱动虚拟作动器循环执行分析仿真分析系统，所述虚拟作动器通过循环执行分析将结构反馈给仿真分析模块，所述仿真分析模块自动提取数据给虚拟传感器，所述虚拟传感器将自动传递结构反馈给优化设计模块；The optimization design module drives the virtual actuator to perform cyclic analysis and simulation analysis system, and the virtual actuator feeds back the structure to the simulation analysis module through cyclic execution analysis, and the simulation analysis module automatically extracts data to the virtual sensor, and the virtual sensor will Automatically transfer structure feedback to the optimization design module;
专家数据库，用于储存各种经典土地利用配置案例数据；Expert database for storing various classic land use configuration case data;
数据更新模块，用于通过3G网络、Wi-Fi网络和有线网络的方式更新专家数据库内的数据；Data update module, used to update the data in the expert database through 3G network, Wi-Fi network and wired network;
中央处理器，用于协调上述各个模块工作。The central processing unit is used to coordinate the work of the above-mentioned various modules.
优选地，所述仿真分析模块内包括：Element：广义单元为仿真分析的真实对象，这种载体主要是物理存在的实际结构或部件；Property：特性为一些分析对象上静态的共用属性信息，如材料、截面等；Load：载荷为加载在这些分析载荷上外部影响因素或条件，如受力载荷、温度载荷、边界条件等；Analysis：分析为各类具体的仿真分析方法和评估方法；Result：计算得到的数据以及基于数据处理的表格、云图、报告；Variable：设计变量是模型中可变量的标识，包括结构参数、特性参数以及载荷参数等；Target：设计目标是最终用于衡量模型的好坏或合理性的指标或指标的处理结果；Constraint：设计约束是系统在考虑优化时需要遵守的规则，如安全裕度需要满足最低要求等；OptAlgorithm：优化设计方法是各类进行优化设计的具体算法；OptResult：优化结果通过优化计算得到的设计变量的最优取值。Preferably, the simulation analysis module includes: Element: the generalized unit is the real object of the simulation analysis, and this carrier is mainly the actual structure or component that exists physically; Property: the characteristic is the static common attribute information on some analysis objects, such as Material, section, etc.; Load: loads are external factors or conditions loaded on these analysis loads, such as force loads, temperature loads, boundary conditions, etc.; Analysis: analysis is various specific simulation analysis methods and evaluation methods; Result: Calculated data and tables, cloud diagrams, and reports based on data processing; Variable: Design variables are the identification of variable variables in the model, including structural parameters, characteristic parameters, and load parameters; Target: Design goals are ultimately used to measure the model. Bad or reasonable indicators or the processing results of indicators; Constraint: Design constraints are the rules that the system needs to abide by when considering optimization, such as safety margins need to meet the minimum requirements, etc.; OptAlgorithm: Optimal design methods are specific methods for various types of optimal design Algorithm; OptResult: Optimal value of the design variable obtained through optimization calculation.
优选地，所述优化设计模块包括设计变量、设计目标以及设计约束在仿真分析体系中相关元素有着直接或间接的对应关系，建立起来元素间的对应关系将可以打破两模块间的隔阂，并使优化设计系统可以驱动起仿真分析系统，并从中直接得到想要的数据，从而大大的提升效率和数据质量。Preferably, the optimization design module includes design variables, design objectives and design constraints. The relevant elements in the simulation analysis system have direct or indirect correspondences, and the establishment of correspondences between elements will break the gap between the two modules, and make The optimization design system can drive the simulation analysis system and directly obtain the desired data from it, thereby greatly improving efficiency and data quality.
优选地，所述虚拟传感器包括通用虚拟传感器和专用虚拟传感器。Preferably, the virtual sensors include general virtual sensors and special virtual sensors.
优选地，所述虚拟作动器包括虚拟单元作动器、虚拟特性作动器和虚拟载荷作动器。Preferably, the virtual actuators include virtual unit actuators, virtual characteristic actuators and virtual load actuators.
优选地，基础数据包括土地利用现状数据、土地利用适宜性评价数据、城镇及基本农田规划数据、地形坡度数据，整合数据是指将所得的基础数据数据进行统一规范化处理后对这些空间数据进行配准，设置一致的空间参考坐标，并将矢量数据转成精度相同的栅格数据。Preferably, the basic data includes land use status data, land use suitability evaluation data, urban and basic farmland planning data, and terrain slope data, and integrating data means that the obtained basic data data are unified and standardized, and these spatial data are matched. Standard, set consistent spatial reference coordinates, and convert vector data into raster data with the same precision.
优选地，具体算法至少包括遗传算法。Preferably, the specific algorithm includes at least a genetic algorithm.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
充分利用计算机的并行计算能力，有效提高了土地利用空间配置效率，同时通过三维模块的建立，使得整个配置可以直观的展现在工作人员的面前，在配置过程中也可通过参考专家数据库中的数据，进行人工优化，进一步提高了土地利用空间配置的合理率。Make full use of the parallel computing capability of the computer to effectively improve the efficiency of land use space configuration. At the same time, through the establishment of three-dimensional modules, the entire configuration can be displayed in front of the staff intuitively. During the configuration process, the data in the expert database can also be referred to , artificially optimized to further improve the rational rate of land use space allocation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例一种土地利用空间自动配置系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a land use space automatic configuration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供了一种土地利用空间自动配置系统，包括As shown in Figure 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a land use space automatic configuration system, including
数据采集模块，用于获取遥感图像土地利用场景数据和土地利用空间配置的基础数据；The data collection module is used to obtain the basic data of remote sensing image land use scene data and land use spatial configuration;
数据处理模块，用于建立遥感图像土地利用场景分类训练集，并将所得的遥感图像土地利用场景分类训练集中的场景图像转换为灰度图像，并将提取的土地利用空间配置的基础数据进行整合后与所得的灰度图像进行融合，发送到三维生成模块；The data processing module is used to establish a remote sensing image land use scene classification training set, convert the obtained scene images in the remote sensing image land use scene classification training set into grayscale images, and integrate the extracted basic data of land use spatial configuration Afterwards, it is fused with the obtained grayscale image and sent to the three-dimensional generation module;
三维生成模块，包括180°立体柱状环幕、高性能图形集群服务器和六组3D投影仪，面向六通道同步并行图像运算，涵盖各种土地类型图像，并予以详细刻画；3D generation module, including 180° three-dimensional cylindrical ring screen, high-performance graphics cluster server and six sets of 3D projectors, is oriented to six-channel synchronous parallel image computing, covering images of various land types and describing them in detail;
虚拟作动器，用于驱动参数变化的，与三维生成模块中的各元素建立关系后，可以在指定的范围内对参数进行变动，从而可以驱动仿真分析方法针对不同的参数进行计算求解；The virtual actuator is used to drive parameter changes. After establishing a relationship with each element in the 3D generation module, the parameters can be changed within a specified range, so that the simulation analysis method can be driven to calculate and solve different parameters;
虚拟传感器，用来在仿真模型中插入一些各类型，虚拟结构来达到直接获取相应的结果或信息的目标的逻辑单元；Virtual sensors are used to insert some types of virtual structures into the simulation model to achieve the goal of directly obtaining corresponding results or information;
仿真分析模块，用于将输入参数划分为单元、特性和载荷，再加上分析和计算后的结果后进行仿真分析；The simulation analysis module is used to divide the input parameters into units, characteristics and loads, and perform simulation analysis after adding the analysis and calculation results;
优化设计模块，用于输入可以分解为设计变量、设计目标和设计约束，再结合优化算法和优化结果进行三维模型的优化；The optimization design module is used to decompose the input into design variables, design objectives and design constraints, and then combine the optimization algorithm and optimization results to optimize the 3D model;
优化设计模块驱动虚拟作动器循环执行分析仿真分析系统，所述虚拟作动器通过循环执行分析将结构反馈给仿真分析模块，所述仿真分析模块自动提取数据给虚拟传感器，所述虚拟传感器将自动传递结构反馈给优化设计模块；The optimization design module drives the virtual actuator to perform cyclic analysis and simulation analysis system, and the virtual actuator feeds back the structure to the simulation analysis module through cyclic execution analysis, and the simulation analysis module automatically extracts data to the virtual sensor, and the virtual sensor will Automatically transfer structure feedback to the optimization design module;
专家数据库，用于储存各种经典土地利用配置案例数据；Expert database for storing various classic land use configuration case data;
数据更新模块，用于通过3G网络、Wi-Fi网络和有线网络的方式更新专家数据库内的数据；Data update module, used to update the data in the expert database through 3G network, Wi-Fi network and wired network;
中央处理器，用于协调上述各个模块工作。The central processing unit is used to coordinate the work of the above-mentioned various modules.
优选地，所述仿真分析模块内包括：Element：广义单元为仿真分析的真实对象，这种载体主要是物理存在的实际结构或部件；Property：特性为一些分析对象上静态的共用属性信息，如材料、截面等；Load：载荷为加载在这些分析载荷上外部影响因素或条件，如受力载荷、温度载荷、边界条件等；Analysis：分析为各类具体的仿真分析方法和评估方法；Result：计算得到的数据以及基于数据处理的表格、云图、报告；Variable：设计变量是模型中可变量的标识，包括结构参数、特性参数以及载荷参数等；Target：设计目标是最终用于衡量模型的好坏或合理性的指标或指标的处理结果；Constraint：设计约束是系统在考虑优化时需要遵守的规则，如安全裕度需要满足最低要求等；OptAlgorithm：优化设计方法是各类进行优化设计的具体算法；OptResult：优化结果通过优化计算得到的设计变量的最优取值。Preferably, the simulation analysis module includes: Element: the generalized unit is the real object of the simulation analysis, and this carrier is mainly the actual structure or component that exists physically; Property: the characteristic is the static common attribute information on some analysis objects, such as Material, section, etc.; Load: loads are external factors or conditions loaded on these analysis loads, such as force loads, temperature loads, boundary conditions, etc.; Analysis: analysis is various specific simulation analysis methods and evaluation methods; Result: Calculated data and tables, cloud diagrams, and reports based on data processing; Variable: Design variables are the identification of variable variables in the model, including structural parameters, characteristic parameters, and load parameters; Target: Design goals are ultimately used to measure the model. Bad or reasonable indicators or the processing results of indicators; Constraint: Design constraints are the rules that the system needs to abide by when considering optimization, such as safety margins need to meet the minimum requirements, etc.; OptAlgorithm: Optimal design methods are specific methods for various types of optimal design Algorithm; OptResult: Optimal value of the design variable obtained through optimization calculation.
所述优化设计模块包括设计变量、设计目标以及设计约束在仿真分析体系中相关元素有着直接或间接的对应关系，建立起来元素间的对应关系将可以打破两模块间的隔阂，并使优化设计系统可以驱动起仿真分析系统，并从中直接得到想要的数据，从而大大的提升效率和数据质量。The optimization design module includes design variables, design objectives and design constraints. The relevant elements in the simulation analysis system have direct or indirect correspondences. The establishment of correspondences between elements will break the gap between the two modules and make the optimization design system It can drive the simulation analysis system and get the desired data directly from it, thus greatly improving the efficiency and data quality.
所述虚拟传感器包括通用虚拟传感器和专用虚拟传感器。The virtual sensors include general virtual sensors and special virtual sensors.
所述虚拟作动器包括虚拟单元作动器、虚拟特性作动器和虚拟载荷作动器。The virtual actuators include virtual unit actuators, virtual characteristic actuators and virtual load actuators.
基础数据包括土地利用现状数据、土地利用适宜性评价数据、城镇及基本农田规划数据、地形坡度数据，整合数据是指将所得的基础数据数据进行统一规范化处理后对这些空间数据进行配准，设置一致的空间参考坐标，并将矢量数据转成精度相同的栅格数据。Basic data includes land use status data, land use suitability evaluation data, urban and basic farmland planning data, and terrain slope data. Integrated data refers to the unified and standardized processing of the obtained basic data data to register these spatial data, set Consistent spatial reference coordinates, and convert vector data into raster data with the same precision.
具体算法至少包括遗传算法。The specific algorithm at least includes a genetic algorithm.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be It is regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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