CN105740499B - Hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structure design and optimization method - Google Patents
Hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structure design and optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/06—Multi-objective optimisation, e.g. Pareto optimisation using simulated annealing [SA], ant colony algorithms or genetic algorithms [GA]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of design and optimization method that hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structure, the step of this method, is as follows：Establish transport locomotive frame three-dimensional entity model；The static analysis under various operating modes is carried out to vehicle frame model using finite element analysis software, is compared by the analysis result of electrical testing inspection result and finite element model, it was demonstrated that the science of finite element model evaluates the performances such as the strength and stiffness of vehicle frame；Model analysis and analysis of fatigue are carried out to vehicle frame, obtain intrinsic frequency and fatigue safety coefficient etc. respectively；According to Finite element analysis results, topology optimization design is carried out as object using the finite element model established.The present invention not only solves traditional design mode development cycle length, can not consider the shortcomings of stress and deformation of transporter complexity, and provides a kind of design method quickly, reliable, development cost is low for the light Vehicle Frame Design for simplifying wheeled transport machine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to body frame structure for automotive design field in agricultural machinery, specifically a kind of hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport
Locomotive frame structure design and optimization method.
Background technology
With the increasingly raising of modern transportation machine design requirement, FInite Element is applied into Vehicle Frame Design and is had tended into
It is ripe, it is mainly reflected in：Vehicle frame will be greatly improved with FInite Element to the transport locomotive frame progress assistant analysis of Preliminary design to open
The performance of hair, design and analysis, the efficiency of guidance and vehicle frame；Locomotive frame is transported under the effect of various load, will be bent, partially
The heart reverses and the deformations such as whole torsion, and vehicle frame is the major support members of transporter, be determine conveyor designs rationally and
An important factor for quality, directly affects cost and reliability.Traditional Vehicle Frame Design method is difficult to consider answering for transporter
Miscellaneous stress and deformation, FInite Element can just solve the problems, such as this；Constructional Modal Analysis is carried out using FInite Element, it can
The phenomenon that obtain the dynamic characteristic of vehicle frame framework, avoid vehicle frame from resonating from design；Pass through the optimization to vehicle frame framework
Design, can further decrease the weight of vehicle frame, and material is fully saved under the premise of ensureing vehicle frame performance, reduce in operation
Fuel consumption in the process, this all has great importance to reducing vehicle frame, integral vehicle cost and transportation cost.
Invention content
It is a primary object of the present invention to propose a kind of hillside orchard gently simplify wheeled transport locomotive frame structure design with it is excellent
Change method greatly reduces the Vehicle Frame Design period using finite element assistant analysis, improves vehicle frame exploitation, design and analysis, guidance
The performance of efficiency and vehicle frame.
To achieve the above objectives, technical scheme is as follows：
Hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structure design and optimization method, includes the following steps：
(1) vehicle frame finite element model is established；
(2) in the case of assuming that transporter is fully loaded, the stress under two kinds of typical conditions and change are being bent and are reversing to vehicle frame
Shape situation carries out Static finite element analysis；
(3) it is compared by carrying out the analysis result of static electrical testing inspection and finite element model, to verify finite element model
Science and result feasibility；
(4) model analysis is carried out to vehicle frame, obtains eigenfrequncies and vibration models；
(5) analysis of fatigue is carried out to vehicle frame, obtains fatigue life and fatigue safety coefficient；
(6) shape topology design is done to body frame structure for automotive, obtains unitized frame and ensures the maximum topology of the rigidity of structure, root
The reference model of fame dimensions optimization is obtained according to topology；
(7) upper frame (vehicle frame upper part) optimization mould simple in structure is established according to the reference model that topological optimization obtains
Type carries out light-weight design to body frame structure for automotive, obtains the optimized dimensions of each beam of upper frame so that in the base for meeting static and dynamic performance
The quality of vehicle frame is reduced on plinth.
Preferably, vehicle frame block mold is established using Pro-E softwares in the step (1), imports and limits in this, as masterplate
Finite element model is established in meta analysis software ANSYS.
Preferably, the foundation of the finite element model should include unit selection, material definition, mesh generation and grid matter
Amount checks.
Preferably, the key point of the static electrical testing of the step (3) should be according to stress in the result of Static finite element analysis
Larger part is chosen.
Preferably, step (4) model analysis is using the rigid body displacement of free boundary support constraint body frame structure for automotive, analysis
Process can not consider external load and boundary condition, using the first eight rank mode as analysis result.
Preferably, stress analysis of the step (5) using the Fatigue Tool tools in ANSYS softwares before optimization
On the basis of carry out Fatigue Simulation analysis, obtain optimization front frame fatigue life and minimum safety factor.
Preferably, the step (6) establishes topological optimization model, with ANSYS software Optimization topological optimizations
Module obtains topological optimization density cloud atlas, and carries out the shape topology design of body frame structure for automotive based on this, obtains reference model.
Preferably, the step (7) carries out multiple-objection optimization, and with the thickness of each beam of upper frame, width and height dimension are made
For design variable, using the quality of vehicle frame as design object, with ANSYS software Goal Driven Optimization modules
(target drives optimization module) and Shape Optimization modules (shape optimum module) are done lightweight to body frame structure for automotive and are set
Meter, to realize light-weight design.
The present invention has the advantage that and effect：
1, it is being analyzed under the support of modern times general finite element analysis software ANSYS with ripe finite element theory
Transport locomotive frame finite element model is established on the basis of body frame structure for automotive mechanical characteristic, carried out vehicle frame various operating modes it is quiet,
Dynamic analysis is studied, and good theoretical foundation is provided for the structural test and its optimization design of vehicle frame.
2, in addition, in conjunction with analysis of fatigue, it is ensured that vehicle frame is not in tired hit during structure service life.
3, finally on the basis of verifying accurate model, topological optimization is carried out to upper frame, on the basis of topological optimization
It proposes light-weight design scheme and is finally reached lightweight purpose.
4, entirely design and optimization process have that the period is short, at low cost, high reliability.
5, structure design and optimization are carried out using existing Pro-E and ANSYS softwares, greatly reduces the Vehicle Frame Design period.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the 3-D geometric model that hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame.
Fig. 2 is the FEM meshing model that hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame.
Fig. 3 is the basic procedure of static mechanical analysis.
Fig. 4 is transport locomotive frame bending operating mode boundary condition setting figure.
Fig. 5 is transporter chassis torsion operating mode boundary condition setting figure.
Fig. 6 is vehicle frame test point distribution schematic diagram
Fig. 7 a-7h are eight rank Mode Shape figures.
Fig. 8 is fatigue life cloud atlas.
Fig. 9 is fatigue life safety coefficient cloud atlas.
Figure 10 is vehicle frame topological optimization threedimensional model.
Figure 11 is topological optimization load and restraint condition.
Figure 12 is topological optimization density cloud atlas.
Figure 13 is to change crossbeam location map.
Figure 14 is to increase crossbeam distribution map.
Figure 15 is multiple-objection optimization procedural block diagram under AWE environment.
Figure 16 is optimization method of the present invention.
Wherein label 1-18 is vehicle frame test point.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not
It is limited to this.
Embodiment
1, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, vehicle frame block mold is established using Pro-E, finite element analysis is imported in this, as masterplate
Finite element model is established in software ANSYS, wherein unit selection selects solid element Solid45, and material properties parameter definition is such as
Shown in the following table 1, come grid division and mesh quality is checked using the unit size and free net dividing mode of 10mm.
1 hillside orchard wheeled transport locomotive frame material property table of table
2, it is illustrated in figure 3 the finite element static mechanical analysis for being bent and reversing into driving frame under two kinds of operating modes：
Load applies the own wt that situation is vehicle frame and passes through the acceleration of gravity (- 9.8m/s in application vertical direction2)
To be applied；Engine and its additives assembly 35kg are reduced to act on the concentrfated load of each supporting point, thus it causes
The gravity shared according to the physical location of nest point and each position in the form of concentrated force of gravitational load be applied to accordingly
On node；Driver is acted on seat assembly 80kg in the form of uniform load average on the corresponding contact position of vehicle frame；Fortune
The generally processing of the loading cargo load of defeated machine is uniform load, and since metal container and vehicle frame bear bending load jointly.
It is that cargo is fully loaded with quality and compartment quality i.e. in total 320kg according to full load compartment gross weight, sets the influence coefficient of Frame Load
It is 0.75, then vehicle frame is practical bears 3136 × 0.75=2352N of load value, and goods is acted perpendicularly in the form of uniform load
The rigging position of case and vehicle frame, to transporting in the fully loaded bending operating mode and fully loaded twisting conditions that locomotive frame is calculated, due to vehicle frame
The load born all is made of each part mentioned above load, thus its load mode is all identical.
It is 2.5 that the Dynamic factor of transport locomotive frame is taken under bending operating mode, and constraints is to forward and backward suspension and vehicle frame phase
All degree of freedom that vicinal sets four equivalent nodes at place apply constraint, and load and constraint are as shown in Figure 4.
It is 1.3 that the Dynamic factor of transport locomotive frame is taken under twisting conditions, and constraints is to right rear suspension and vehicle frame phase
Vicinal sets the application fixed constraint at place, the main all degree of freedom for discharging left rear suspension and equivalent node at vehicle frame connected position.
In addition, applying constraint to the vertical direction UY of two equivalent nodes at front suspension and vehicle frame connected position and discharging other freedom
Degree load and constraint are as shown in Figure 5.
Using vehicle frame finite element model, the applying method of respective loads and edge-restraint condition is studied, analysis calculates vehicle frame
The deformation of structure and stress distribution situation, from result of calculation as can be seen that under this typical condition the vehicle frame strength and stiffness
All meet requirement, the stress value of vehicle frame each section is all relatively low, and safety coefficient and intensity surplus are bigger than normal, light-weighted potentiality
It is very big.
3, mark point as shown in FIG. 6 is used as electrical testing inspection point, and electrometric experiment is carried out to each electrical testing inspection point of vehicle frame,
Test material is as shown in table 2 below, and specific implementation step is as follows：
(1) all testing site surfaces are polishing to smooth, are wiped with acetone multiple after polishing, is until surface cleaning is smooth
Only；
(2) temperature-compensating plate：The material for choosing temperature-compensating plate should be identical as vehicle frame；It polishes temperature-compensating plate,
And with acetone wiped clean until surface cleaning is without dirt；
(3) foil gauge is pasted, drawn on foil gauge two conducting wires are welded by connecting terminal and external conducting wire.So
Electricity consumption adhesive tape fixes exposed conducting wire outside afterwards, and whether the foil gauge finally posted again with multimeter detection is intact；
(4) it is strictly loaded by the position of driver and cargo and carries out data acquisition；
(5) electrical testing inspection data stress value is corresponded to Finite element analysis results to compare, load cargo 150kg with
And acquired results are as shown in table 3 below when driver 60kg, and the stress value of finite element analysis is carried out with true stress value is tested
The error of comparison, experiment actual value and finite element analysis value is within 15%, to verify the science of finite element model.
2 main experimental instrument of table
3 static strain test result of table is compared with Finite element analysis results
4, such as Fig. 7 a-7h and table 4 show modal analysis result, and model analysis mainly uses the Block in ANSYS softwares
Lanczos methods (default methods) extract modal parameter, and frequency is arranged in the range of 1~250Hz, skip mode frequency
Rate extracts 8 rank mode before vehicle frame for 0 rigid body mode.
Each rank modal frequency table of 4 body frame structure for automotive of table
5, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the Fatigue Tool tools (quick analysis of fatigue tool) in ANSYS softwares are utilized
Fatigue Simulation analysis can be carried out on the basis of ANSYS stress analyses, the service life that vehicle vehicle frame is obtained by analysis result all reaches
109Secondary cycle, from figure 8, it is seen that the tie point of longitudinal beam and suspension is fatigue rupture point, but minimum safety factor
It is 8.85, still substantially exceeds the 10 of projected life7Secondary cycle, meets the service life requirement of general transporter, therefore still has
Prodigious optimization space.
6, as shown in Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12, include optimization front truck into driving frame topological optimization step using ANSYS softwares
The foundation of frame threedimensional model, the design section for establishing Optimized model is the optimization region of long 200mm, width 230mm, high 40mm, i.e.,
Frame cross distributed areas；Optimize the definition of threedimensional model unit, selects SOLID95 three-dimensional elements；Vehicle frame load and boundary are about
The determination of beam, the load using fully loaded Dynamic factor and restrained boundary method, specific restraint condition are as shown in figure 13；To vehicle frame
Topology optimization design is carried out, with 70% parameter as an optimization, the convergence tolerance set is 0.0001, and iterations are 30 times.
7, as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, the scheme of two kinds of topological optimizations is obtained according to topological optimization density cloud atlas, one is
With reference to the position of topological optimization result adjustment crossbeam on the basis of former vehicle frame, another kind is to change cross according to topological optimization result
Beam position increases crossbeam in key position, two kinds of prioritization schemes is carried out on ANSYS to fully loaded bending operating mode and torsion work respectively
The static analysis of condition, dynamic model analysis are obtained a result as shown in table 5 with former vehicle frame analysis result comparison.According to above pair
Than analysis, second of topological optimization scheme is finally selected as dimensionally-optimised reference model.
5 topological optimization Comparative result of table
8, simplify vehicle frame multiple-objection optimization for completion is light as shown in figure 15, required according to optimization design, main parts size
The object of thickness as an optimization, design variable select totally 3, respectively upper frame rail width, upper frame rail height and upper frame
Cantilever thickness, parameter setting are as shown in table 6 below；
Table is arranged in 6 Vehicle Frame Design variable of table
9, it is met the requirements in guarantee frame strength and rigidity, it is suffered in normally travel that low order vibration frequency avoids automobile
Under the conditions of the excited frequency mainly encouraged, using ANSYS softwares, upper frame optimization takes 4 output variables, and target makes as an optimization
The quality of vehicle frame is minimum.Set vibration frequency of the first step mode frequency optimization target as less than engine peak speed when
62.5Hz sets the optimization aim of maximum deformation quantity less than 3mm, to set the optimization aim of equivalent stress as less than 150MPa
(safety coefficient 2) sets the optimization aim of quality as minimum value.Optimization aim priority is set as peer.It calculates
A, B, C, 3 groups of candidate's optimization design points are as shown in table 7.Each beam of upper frame can adjust thickness, width and height according to optimum results
Degree, as shown in table 8.
73 groups of candidate designs of table optimize point
Table 8 transports locomotive frame and gently simplifies design scheme
10, by the dimensionally-optimised analysis above to transporting locomotive frame, in order to further verify new vehicle frame after actual optimization
Rigidity, intensity and Modal Performances meet the requirements, then assign new thickness in prioritization scheme to material, re-start and former vehicle
The identical intensity of frame analytic process and model analysis, comparing result are as shown in table 9.In ANSYS softwares, by transporter
The key position of vehicle frame optimizes, and larger space is provided to the reduction of vehicle frame quality, makes optimization is front and back to transport locomotive frame
Quality is on the basis of mitigating 12.74kg, although torsion and the maximum deformation quantity and maximum equivalent that are bent under operating mode have
Increase to a certain extent, but each performance parameter change it is smaller, it is as a result ideal and in the zone of reasonableness.In addition,
Each beam material of vehicle frame be 45Mn steel, yield limit 355MPa, safety coefficient is higher, at the same lower mode frequency be 64.3Hz with
On, it is more than the frequency 62.5Hz of the car engine maximum speed, to be effectively shielded from covibration.Optimize the whole fatigue of vehicle frame
Service life is all higher than 4 × 108Secondary cycle, meeting the 5.3rd article of baby tractor service life of national standard GB/T16877-1997 must not surpass
Spend 10 years (or accumulative operation 12000h).In general use the prioritization scheme can make the quality of orchard transporter vehicle frame obtain compared with
Good distribution, has reached light-weighted purpose, has reduced manufacturing cost to a certain extent.
Table 9 optimizes front/rear frame Specifeca tion speeification contrast table
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, it is other it is any without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention made by changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structure design and optimization method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) vehicle frame finite element model is established；
(2) in the case of assuming that transporter is fully loaded, to vehicle frame in the stress and deformation feelings for being bent and reversing under two kinds of typical conditions
Condition carries out Static finite element analysis；
(3) it is compared by carrying out the analysis result of static electrical testing inspection and finite element model, to verify finite element model
As a result feasibility；
(4) model analysis is carried out to vehicle frame, obtains eigenfrequncies and vibration models；
(5) analysis of fatigue is carried out to vehicle frame, obtains fatigue life and fatigue safety coefficient；
(6) shape topology design done to body frame structure for automotive, obtains unitized frame and ensures the maximum topology of the rigidity of structure, according to opening up
It flutters shape and obtains the reference model of fame dimensions optimization；
(7) upper frame Optimized model simple in structure is established according to the reference model that topological optimization obtains, body frame structure for automotive is done gently
Quantitative design obtains the optimized dimensions of each beam of upper frame so that the quality of vehicle frame is reduced on the basis of meeting static and dynamic performance；
The key point of the static electrical testing of the step (3) is chosen according to stress larger part in the result of Static finite element analysis；
Step (4) model analysis constrains the rigid body displacement of body frame structure for automotive using free boundary support, and analytic process does not consider
External load and boundary condition, using the first eight rank mode as analysis result；
The step (5) on the basis of the stress analysis of Fatigue Tool tools before optimization in ANSYS softwares using carrying out
Fatigue Simulation is analyzed, and fatigue life and the minimum safety factor of optimization front frame are obtained；
The step (6) establishes topological optimization model using ANSYS softwares, excellent with ANSYS software Optimization topologys
Change module and obtain topological optimization density cloud atlas, and carry out the shape topology design of body frame structure for automotive based on this, obtains and refer to mould
Type；
The step (7) is to set with the quality of vehicle frame using the thickness, width and height dimension of each beam of upper frame as design variable
Target is counted, with ANSYS software Goal Driven Optimization modules and Shape Optimization modules to vehicle
Frame structure does light-weight design.
2. hillside orchard according to claim 1 gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structure design and optimization method, special
Sign is：Vehicle frame block mold is established using Pro-E softwares in the step (1), finite element analysis is imported in this, as masterplate
Finite element model is established in software ANSYS.
3. hillside orchard according to claim 2 gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structure design and optimization method, special
Sign is：The foundation of the finite element model includes unit selection, material definition, mesh generation and mesh quality inspection.
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