CN105740499A - Structure design and optimization method for light and simple wheel type conveyor rack in hillside orchard - Google Patents
Structure design and optimization method for light and simple wheel type conveyor rack in hillside orchard Download PDFInfo
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F2111/06—Multi-objective optimisation, e.g. Pareto optimisation using simulated annealing [SA], ant colony algorithms or genetic algorithms [GA]
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F2111/20—Configuration CAD, e.g. designing by assembling or positioning modules selected from libraries of predesigned modules
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Abstract
The invention discloses a structure design and optimization method for a light and simple wheel type conveyor rack in a hillside orchard. The structure design and optimization method comprises the following steps of establishing a conveyor rack three-dimensional entity model; carrying out static analysis for various working conditions of the rack model by utilizing finite element analysis software and comparing an electrical logging experimental result with an analysis result of the finite element model to prove the scientificity of the finite element model and evaluate the performances such as intensity and rigidity of the rack; carrying out modal analysis and fatigue analysis for the rack to respectively obtain an inherent frequency, a fatigue safety factor and the like; and carrying out topological optimization design by regarding the established finite element model as an object based on the finite element analysis result. The structure design and optimization method for the light and simple wheel type conveyor rack in the hillside orchard not only solves the disadvantages of long development period, inabilities of comprehensively considering the compress stress, deformation condition and the like of the conveyor in a traditional design way, but a rapid and reliable design method with low development cost is also provided for the rack design of the light and simple wheel type conveyor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to body frame structure for automotive design field in agricultural machinery, specifically a kind of hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method.
Background technology
Raising day by day along with modern transportation machine designing requirement, FInite Element is applied to Vehicle Frame Design and has tended to maturation, be mainly reflected in: use FInite Element that the transporter vehicle frame of Preliminary design carries out assistant analysis and will be greatly improved the performance of vehicle frame exploitation, design and analysis, the usefulness of guidance and vehicle frame；Transporter vehicle frame, under various load effects, will bend, eccentric reverse and the deformation such as overall torsion, and vehicle frame will be the major support members of transporter, be determine that conveyor designs is rationally and the key factor of quality, directly affects cost and reliability.Traditional Vehicle Frame Design method is difficult to consider the complicated applied force of transporter and deformation, and FInite Element just can solve the problem that this problem；Utilize FInite Element to carry out Constructional Modal Analysis, it is possible to obtain the dynamic characteristic of vehicle frame framework, avoid vehicle frame that the phenomenon of resonance occurs from design；By the optimization of vehicle frame framework is designed, the weight of vehicle frame can be reduced further, fully saving material under the premise ensureing vehicle frame performance, reduce the fuel consumption in the process run, this all has great importance to reducing vehicle frame, integral vehicle cost and cost of transportation.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is primarily targeted at a kind of hillside orchard of proposition and gently simplify wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, utilize finite element assistant analysis, greatly reduce the Vehicle Frame Design cycle, improve the performance of vehicle frame exploitation, design and analysis, the usefulness of guidance and vehicle frame.
For reaching object above, technical scheme is as follows:
Hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, comprises the following steps:
(1) vehicle frame FEM (finite element) model is set up；
(2) suppose when transporter is fully loaded, vehicle frame is carried out Static finite element analysis in bending and stress and the deformation reversed under two kinds of typical conditions；
(3) by carrying out the analysis Comparative result of static electrical testing inspection and FEM (finite element) model, thus verifying the science of FEM (finite element) model and the feasibility of result；
(4) vehicle frame is carried out model analysis, it is thus achieved that eigenfrequncies and vibration models；
(5) vehicle frame is carried out analysis of fatigue, it is thus achieved that fatigue life and fatigue safety coefficient；
(6) body frame structure for automotive is done shape topology design, it is thus achieved that unitized frame ensures the topology that the rigidity of structure is maximum, obtain, according to topology, the reference model that fame dimensions optimizes；
(7) reference model obtained according to topological optimization sets up the Optimized model of upper frame (vehicle frame upper part) simple in construction, body frame structure for automotive is carried out light-weight design, obtain the optimized dimensions of each beam of upper frame so that on the basis meet static and dynamic performance, reduce the quality of vehicle frame.
Preferably, described step (1) utilizes Pro-E software to set up vehicle frame block mold, import in finite element analysis software ANSYS in this, as masterplate and set up FEM (finite element) model.
Preferably, the foundation of described FEM (finite element) model should include unit selection, material definition, stress and strain model and mesh quality inspection.
Preferably, the key point of described step (3) Static Electro test should be chosen according to stress larger part in the result of Static finite element analysis.
Preferably, described step (4) model analysis adopts free boundary to support the rigid body displacement of constraint body frame structure for automotive, and analysis process can be left out external load and boundary condition, adopts the first eight order mode state as analyzing result.
Preferably, described step (5) utilizes and carries out Fatigue Simulation analysis on the stress analysis basis before optimization of the FatigueTool instrument in ANSYS software, it is thus achieved that optimize fatigue life and the minimum safety factor of front frame.
Preferably, described step (6) building topology Optimized model, uses ANSYS software Optimization topological optimization module to obtain topological optimization density cloud atlas, and carries out the shape topology design of body frame structure for automotive based on this, it is thus achieved that reference model.
Preferably, described step (7) carries out multiple-objection optimization, thickness with each beam of upper frame, width and height dimension are as design variable, with the quality of vehicle frame for design object, use ANSYS software GoalDrivenOptimization module (target drives optimization module) and ShapeOptimization module (Shape optimization module) that body frame structure for automotive is done light-weight design, thus realizing light-weight design.
Present invention have the advantage that and effect:
1, ripe finite element theory is used, under the support of modern general finite element analysis software ANSYS, analyzing, the basis of body frame structure for automotive mechanical characteristic establishes transporter vehicle frame FEM (finite element) model, having carried out the static and dynamic performance analysis and research of the various operating mode of vehicle frame, structural test and optimization design thereof for vehicle frame provide good theoretical basis.
2 additionally, in conjunction with analysis of fatigue, it is ensured that vehicle frame does not have tired hit during structure service life.
3, final on the basis of checking accurate model, upper frame is carried out topological optimization, the basis of topological optimization proposes light-weight design scheme and is finally reached lightweight purpose.
4, whole design and optimization process have that the cycle is short, cost is low, high reliability.
5, adopt existing Pro-E and ANSYS software to carry out structural design and optimization, greatly reduce the Vehicle Frame Design cycle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the 3-D geometric model that hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame.
Fig. 2 is the FEM meshing model that hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame.
Fig. 3 is the basic procedure that static mechanical is analyzed.
Fig. 4 is that transporter vehicle frame bending operating mode boundary condition arranges figure.
Fig. 5 is that transporter chassis torsion operating mode boundary condition arranges figure.
Fig. 6 is vehicle frame test point distribution schematic diagram
Fig. 7 a-7h is eight order mode state bending vibation mode picture.
Fig. 8 is cloud atlas fatigue life.
Fig. 9 is fatigue life safety coefficient cloud atlas.
Figure 10 is vehicle frame topological optimization threedimensional model.
Figure 11 is that topological optimization loads and restraint condition.
Figure 12 is topological optimization density cloud atlas.
Figure 13 changes crossbeam location map.
Figure 14 is to increase crossbeam scattergram.
Figure 15 is multiple-objection optimization procedural block diagram under AWE environment.
Figure 16 is optimization method of the present invention.
Wherein label 1 18 is vehicle frame test point.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment
1, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, Pro-E is utilized to set up vehicle frame block mold, import in finite element analysis software ANSYS in this, as masterplate and set up FEM (finite element) model, wherein unit selection selects solid element Solid45, the definition of material properties parameter is as shown in table 1 below, adopts the unit size of 10mm and free net dividing mode carry out grid division and mesh quality is checked.
Table 1 hillside orchard wheeled transport locomotive frame material property table
2, the finite element static mechanical analysis carrying out vehicle frame bending and reversing under two kinds of operating modes it is illustrated in figure 3:
Load applies the acceleration of gravity (-9.8m/s that the own wt that situation is vehicle frame passes through to apply in vertical direction2) apply；Electromotor and additament assembly 35kg thereof are reduced to the concentrfated load acting on each strong point, thus the gravity that its gravitational load caused is shared according to physical location and each position of nest point with the form of concentration power is applied in respective nodes；Driver and seat assembly 80kg with the form effect of uniform load on average on the corresponding contact position of vehicle frame；The loading cargo load of transporter generally processes as uniform load, and owing to metal container and vehicle frame bear bending load jointly.It is the fully loaded quality of goods and compartment quality i.e. 320kg altogether according to full load compartment gross weight, set the influence coefficient of Frame Load as 0.75, the then actual bearing load value 3136 × 0.75=2352N of vehicle frame, and the rigging position of container and vehicle frame is acted perpendicularly to the form of uniform load, in the fully loaded bending operating mode computed to transporter vehicle frame and fully loaded twisting conditions, the load born due to vehicle frame is all made up of each part mentioned above load, thus its load mode is all identical.
The Dynamic factor taking transporter vehicle frame under bending operating mode is 2.5, and constraints is that all degree of freedom to forward and backward suspension with four equivalent nodes at vehicle frame connected position place apply constraint, loading and constraint as shown in Figure 4.
The Dynamic factor taking transporter vehicle frame under twisting conditions is 1.3, and constraints is the applying fixed constraint to right rear suspension Yu vehicle frame connected position place, all degree of freedom of main release left rear suspension and vehicle frame connected position place equivalent node.Additionally, the vertical direction UY of front suspension with two equivalent nodes at vehicle frame connected position place is applied constraint and discharges other degree of freedom and load and retrain as shown in Figure 5.
Utilize vehicle frame FEM (finite element) model, the applying method of research respective loads and edge-restraint condition, the deformation of analytical calculation body frame structure for automotive and stress distribution situation, can be seen that from result of calculation, under this typical condition, the strength and stiffness of this vehicle frame all meet instructions for use, the stress value of vehicle frame each several part is all relatively low, and safety coefficient and intensity surplus are all bigger than normal, and light-weighted potentiality are very big.
3, sign point as shown in Figure 6 is as electrical testing inspection point, and each electrical testing inspection point of vehicle frame is carried out electrometric experiment, and test material is as shown in table 2 below, is embodied as step as follows:
(1) by all testing sites surface finish to smooth, after polishing with acetone wiping repeatedly, until surface cleaning is smooth；
(2) temperature-compensating sheet: the material choosing temperature-compensating sheet should be identical with vehicle frame；Temperature-compensating sheet is polished, and by acetone wiped clean until surface cleaning is without dirt；
(3) paste foil gauge, two wires that foil gauge is drawn are welded with outside wire by binding post.Then electricity consumption adhesive tape fixes exposed wire outside, whether intact finally detects, with circuit tester, the foil gauge posted again；
(4) strictly undertaken loading and carrying out data acquisition by the position of driver and goods；
(5) corresponding with Finite element analysis results for electrical testing inspection data stress value is contrasted, load acquired results during goods 150kg and driver 60kg as shown in table 3 below, the stress value of finite element analysis is contrasted with testing real stress value, the error of experiment actual value and finite element analysis value is within 15%, thus verifying the science of FEM (finite element) model.
Table 2 main experimental instrument
Table 3 static strain result of the test and Finite element analysis results contrast
4, as Fig. 7 a-7h and table 4 show modal analysis result, model analysis mainly uses the BlockLanczos method (default methods) in ANSYS software that modal parameter is extracted, and frequency is set in the scope of 1～250Hz, skip the rigid body mode that model frequency is 0 and extract the front 8 order mode states of vehicle frame.
Each order mode state frequency meter of table 4 body frame structure for automotive
5, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, utilize the FatigueTool instrument in ANSYS software (quick analysis of fatigue instrument) can carry out Fatigue Simulation analysis on ANSYS stress analysis basis, analysis result the life-span obtaining car load vehicle frame has all reached 109Secondary circulation, from figure 8, it is seen that the junction point of longitudinal beam and suspension is fatigue rupture point, but minimum safety factor is 8.85, still substantially exceeds the 10 of projected life7Secondary circulation, meets the requirement in service life of general transporter, therefore still has very big optimization space.
6, as shown in Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12, utilize ANSYS software to carry out vehicle frame topological optimization step and include optimizing the foundation of front frame threedimensional model, set up the optimization region that design section is long 200mm, wide 230mm, high 40mm of Optimized model, i.e. frame cross distributed areas；Optimize the definition of threedimensional model unit, select SOLID95 three-dimensional element；The determination of vehicle frame loading and boundary constraint, adopts loading and the restrained boundary method of fully loaded Dynamic factor, and concrete restraint condition is as shown in figure 13；Vehicle frame is carried out topology optimization design, and using 70% as parameters optimization, the convergence tolerance set is as 0.0001, and iterations is 30 times.
7, as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, the scheme of two kinds of topological optimizations is drawn according to topological optimization density cloud atlas, a kind of position being to adjust on the basis of former vehicle frame crossbeam with reference to topological optimization result, another kind is to change crossbeam position according to topological optimization result, crossbeam is increased at key position, two kinds of prioritization schemes are carried out respectively on ANSYS the static analysis of fully loaded bending operating mode and twisting conditions, dynamic model analysis, obtains a result as shown in table 5 with former vehicle frame analysis Comparative result.According to above relative analysis, finally selected the second topological optimization scheme is as dimensionally-optimised reference model.
Table 5 topological optimization Comparative result
8, as shown in figure 15 for completing gently simplification vehicle frame multiple-objection optimization, according to optimizing designing requirement, the thickness of main parts size is as the object optimized, and design variable selects totally 3, respectively upper frame rail width, upper frame rail height and upper frame rail thickness, parameter arranges as shown in table 6 below；
Table 6 Vehicle Frame Design variable arranges table
9, ensureing that frame strength and rigidity meet requirement, when low order frequency of vibration avoids the excited frequency of automobile suffered main excitation in normal traveling, utilizing ANSYS software, upper frame optimization to take 4 output variables makes the quality of vehicle frame minimum as optimization aim.Set first step mode frequency optimization target as frequency of vibration 62.5Hz during lower than engine peak speed, set the optimization aim of maximum deformation quantity as less than 3mm, set the optimization aim of equivalent stress as less than 150MPa (safety coefficient as 2), set the optimization aim of quality as minima.Set optimization aim priority as at the same level.Calculating A, B, C, it is as shown in table 7 that 3 groups of candidates optimize design point.The each beam of upper frame can adjust thickness, width and height according to optimum results, as shown in table 8.
73 groups of candidate designs of table optimize point
Table 8 transporter vehicle frame gently simplifies design
10, by the above dimensionally-optimised analysis to transporter vehicle frame, in order to the rigidity of vehicle frame new after verifying actual optimization further, intensity and Modal Performances meet the requirements, then material is given by thickness new in prioritization scheme, re-starting and analyze the identical intensity of process and model analysis with former vehicle frame, comparing result is as shown in table 9.In ANSYS software, by the key position of transporter upper frame is optimized, the reduction of vehicle frame quality is provided bigger space, make before and after optimization transporter vehicle frame quality on the basis alleviating 12.74kg, although the maximum deformation quantity reversed and bend under operating mode and maximum equivalent have increase to a certain extent, but each performance parameter all changes less, result is ideal and is positioned at zone of reasonableness.Additionally, each beam material of vehicle frame is 45Mn steel, yield limit is 355MPa, and safety coefficient is higher, and lower mode frequency is more than 64.3Hz simultaneously, more than the frequency 62.5Hz of this car engine maximum speed, thus being effectively shielded from covibration.Optimize vehicle frame integral fatigue life and be all higher than 4 × 108Secondary circulation, meets the 5.3rd article of baby tractor service life of GB GB/T16877-1997 and must not exceed 10 years (or accumulative operation 12000h).Adopt this prioritization scheme that the quality of orchard transporter vehicle frame can be made better to be distributed in general, reached light-weighted purpose to a certain extent, reduced manufacturing cost.
Table 9 optimizes front/rear frame Specifeca tion speeification contrast table
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are also not restricted to the described embodiments; the change made under other any spirit without departing from the present invention and principle, modification, replacement, combination, simplification; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. hillside orchard gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) vehicle frame FEM (finite element) model is set up；
(2) suppose when transporter is fully loaded, vehicle frame is carried out Static finite element analysis in bending and stress and the deformation reversed under two kinds of typical conditions；
(3) the analysis result passing through to carry out static electrical testing inspection and FEM (finite element) model contrasts, thus verifying the science of FEM (finite element) model and the feasibility of result；
(4) vehicle frame is carried out model analysis, it is thus achieved that eigenfrequncies and vibration models；
(5) vehicle frame is carried out analysis of fatigue, it is thus achieved that fatigue life and fatigue safety coefficient；
(6) body frame structure for automotive is done shape topology design, it is thus achieved that unitized frame ensures the topology that the rigidity of structure is maximum, obtain, according to topology, the reference model that fame dimensions optimizes；
(7) reference model obtained according to topological optimization sets up the Optimized model of upper frame simple in construction, and body frame structure for automotive is done light-weight design, it is thus achieved that the optimized dimensions of each beam of upper frame so that reduce the quality of vehicle frame on the basis meet static and dynamic performance.
2. hillside orchard according to claim 1 gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, it is characterized in that: described step (1) utilizes Pro-E software to set up vehicle frame block mold, import in finite element analysis software ANSYS in this, as masterplate and set up FEM (finite element) model.
3. hillside orchard according to claim 2 gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, it is characterised in that: the foundation of described FEM (finite element) model should include unit selection, material definition, stress and strain model and mesh quality inspection.
4. hillside orchard according to claim 1 gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, it is characterised in that: the key point of described step (3) Static Electro test should be chosen according to stress larger part in the result of Static finite element analysis.
5. hillside orchard according to claim 1 gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, it is characterized in that: described step (4) model analysis adopts free boundary to support the rigid body displacement of constraint body frame structure for automotive, analysis process is left out external load and boundary condition, adopts the first eight order mode state as analyzing result.
6. hillside orchard according to claim 1 gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, it is characterized in that: described step (5) utilizes and carries out Fatigue Simulation analysis on the stress analysis basis before optimization of the FatigueTool instrument in ANSYS software, it is thus achieved that optimize fatigue life and the minimum safety factor of front frame.
7. hillside orchard according to claim 1 gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, it is characterized in that: described step (6) utilizes ANSYS software building topology Optimized model, ANSYS software Optimization topological optimization module is used to obtain topological optimization density cloud atlas, and carry out the shape topology design of body frame structure for automotive based on this, it is thus achieved that reference model.
8. hillside orchard according to claim 1 gently simplifies wheeled transport locomotive frame structural design and optimization method, it is characterized in that: described step (7) is using the thickness of each beam of upper frame, width and height dimension as design variable, with the quality of vehicle frame for design object, use ANSYS software GoalDrivenOptimization module and ShapeOptimization module that body frame structure for automotive is done light-weight design.
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