CN105738654B - acceleration measuring device and data acquisition method based on range switching - Google Patents
acceleration measuring device and data acquisition method based on range switching Download PDFInfo
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- CN105738654B CN105738654B CN201610069179.5A CN201610069179A CN105738654B CN 105738654 B CN105738654 B CN 105738654B CN 201610069179 A CN201610069179 A CN 201610069179A CN 105738654 B CN105738654 B CN 105738654B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
Abstract
The invention relates to acceleration measuring devices and a data acquisition method based on range switching, which comprises an accelerometer, a range switching module, a signal preprocessing module, a second signal preprocessing module and a signal processing and control unit, wherein the accelerometer acquires acceleration information, the range switching module is connected with a signal processing module or the second signal processing module according to a control signal and sends the acceleration information to a signal processing module or the second signal processing module, the signal preprocessing module and the second signal preprocessing module respectively preprocess the acceleration information, the signal processing and control unit compares the preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value and generates a control signal to be sent to the range switching module, if the acceleration information is larger than the preset value, the range switching module is connected with the signal preprocessing module, and if the acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, the range switching module is connected with the second signal preprocessing module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to microgravity scientific experimental equipment, in particular to acceleration measuring devices and a data acquisition method based on range switching.
Background
The accelerometers are inertial devices which are widely used in various instruments and equipment such as aerospace, military industry, life and the like.
typically uses more of the quartz flexure accelerometers in inertial measurement applications, but there are also proprietary methods for differentiating between large (e.g. +/-10 g) and small (e.g. +/-2 g) ranges depending on the flexure strip.A large range accelerometer is less accurate (typically over 100 ug), and a better accuracy (e.g. 10 ug) is less in .
In the fields of microgravity science and technology, the requirement on the measuring range is not high due to the fact that the devices such as satellites and airships are in a complete weightless state, but the requirement on the precision is high (ug magnitude). We can adapt quartz accelerometers to accelerometers dedicated to microgravity applications (e.g. range below ± 0.1 g).
In addition, the acceleration measurement of microgravity can be measured by other accelerometers, such as an electrostatic suspension accelerometer. Such accelerometers have a smaller range (e.g., below 0.01 g) but a high accuracy (below the order of 10-3 ug).
The core technology of the accelerometer lies in the structural process of a gauge head and a servo circuit, but in special applications (such as the field of microgravity measurement and the field of precision detection), the range and the precision (10) of an acceleration signal are measured-4-10-5) Bandwidth (b)>300Hz) is very demanding and the signal processing circuitry of the accelerometer becomes a critical part of the system's performance.
The accelerometer signal processing circuit comprises two parts: signal conditioning and amplifying circuit and signal acquisition and processing circuit. The accelerometer conditioning and amplifying circuit is used for amplifying signals, and the signal conditioning and amplifying circuit also has contradiction in measuring range and precision. The dynamic range of the circuit is limited, and when the equivalent range is large, the acquisition noise is also improved; when the noise is small, the span also becomes small.
Under special scenarios (such as microgravity scientific experiments), the microgravity scientific experiments have small requirements on the measuring range of acceleration measurement and have high requirements on the acceleration measurement precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing acceleration measuring devices and a data acquisition method based on range switching, which can switch ranges and meet different acceleration measuring requirements.
acceleration measuring device, including accelerometer, range switching module, signal preprocessing module, second signal preprocessing module and signal processing and control unit;
the accelerometer is used for acquiring acceleration information of an external environment;
the measuring range switching module is used for being connected with the th signal processing module or the second signal processing module according to the control signal sent by the signal processing and controlling unit and sending the acquired acceleration information to the th signal processing module or the second signal processing module;
the th signal preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the received acceleration information;
the second signal preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the received acceleration information;
the signal processing and control unit is used for comparing the received preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value, generating a control signal according to a comparison result and sending the control signal to the range switching module, if the acceleration information is larger than the preset value, controlling the range switching module to be connected with the th signal preprocessing module, and if the acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, controlling the range switching module to be connected with the second signal preprocessing module;
the second signal preprocessing module processes data more accurately than the th signal preprocessing module.
The device has the advantages that the range switching module is controlled to be connected with the th signal preprocessing module or the second signal preprocessing module according to the judgment result of the signal processing and controlling unit, so that automatic switching of different ranges is realized, the device has two measuring modes of microgravity and conventional gravity, the advantage of high microgravity small-range measuring precision is kept, the advantage of large conventional gravity large-range measuring range is also realized, and the universality is high.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows:
and , the measuring range switching module is of a relay, a multi-way gating switch and a GPA switching circuit.
, the signal preprocessing module comprises a signal conditioning circuit and a acquisition circuit which are connected in sequence.
, the signal conditioning circuit includes a th converting circuit, a th amplifier and a th filter circuit connected in sequence.
And , the second signal preprocessing module comprises a second signal conditioning circuit and a second acquisition circuit which are connected in sequence.
Further , the second signal conditioning circuit includes a second switching circuit, a second amplifier, and a second filter circuit.
acceleration measuring devices comprise a th accelerometer, a second accelerometer, a th signal preprocessing module, a second signal preprocessing module and a signal processing and controlling unit;
the th accelerometer is used for acquiring acceleration information of an external environment and sending the acceleration information to the th signal preprocessing module;
the second accelerometer is used for acquiring acceleration information of an external environment and sending the acceleration information to the second signal preprocessing module;
the signal preprocessing module is used for preprocessing acceleration information and sending the acceleration information to the signal processing and controlling unit;
the second signal preprocessing module is used for preprocessing acceleration information and sending the acceleration information to the signal processing and controlling unit;
the signal processing and control unit is used for comparing the preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value, if the preprocessed acceleration information is larger than the preset value, the th accelerometer is started, the second accelerometer is closed, and if the preprocessed acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, the large-range accelerometer is closed, and the small-range accelerometer is started;
the processing precision of the second signal preprocessing module on the data is higher than that of the th signal preprocessing module;
the range of the accelerometer is greater than the range of the second accelerometer.
The invention has the advantages that the th accelerometer or the second accelerometer is selectively started to work according to the judgment result of the signal processing and control unit by arranging the two accelerometers with different measuring ranges, so that the automatic switching of the different measuring ranges is realized, the device has two measuring modes of microgravity and conventional gravity, the advantage of high measuring precision of the microgravity in a small measuring range is kept, the advantage of large measuring range of the conventional gravity is also realized, and the universality is strong.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
, the signal preprocessing module comprises a signal conditioning circuit and a acquisition circuit which are connected in sequence.
, the signal conditioning circuit includes a th converting circuit, a th amplifier and a th filter circuit connected in sequence.
And , the second signal preprocessing module comprises a second signal conditioning circuit and a second acquisition circuit which are connected in sequence.
Further , the second signal conditioning circuit includes a second switching circuit, a second amplifier, and a second filter circuit.
Another technical solutions for solving the above technical problems are that data acquisition methods based on range switching include:
sa1, the accelerometer acquires acceleration information of the external environment;
the signal preprocessing module of the Sa2 preprocesses the acquired acceleration information;
sa3, the signal processing and control unit compares the preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value, and sends a control signal to the range switching module according to the comparison result, if the acceleration information is larger than the preset value, the range switching module is controlled to be connected with the th signal preprocessing module, the step Sa1 is returned, and the acquisition of the acceleration information is stopped according to an external stop command, and if the acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, the range switching module is controlled to be connected with the second signal preprocessing module, and the step Sa4 is executed;
sa4, the accelerometer acquires acceleration information of the external environment;
and Sa5, the second signal preprocessing module preprocesses the collected acceleration information and sends the information to the signal processing and control unit to execute the step Sa3, and stops collecting the acceleration information when an external stop command is received.
Another technical solutions for solving the above technical problems are that data acquisition methods based on range switching include:
sb1, the th accelerometer collects external environment acceleration information;
sb2, a signal preprocessing module preprocesses the received acceleration information;
sb3, the signal processing and control unit compares the preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value, if the preprocessed acceleration information is larger than the preset value, the step Sb1 is returned, and the operation is finished when an external stop command is received, if the preprocessed acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, the th accelerometer is closed, the second accelerometer is started, and the step Sb4 is executed;
sb4, the second accelerometer collects external environment acceleration information;
sb5, the second signal preprocessing module preprocesses the collected acceleration information and sends it to the signal processing and control unit to execute step Sb3, and stops collecting acceleration information when receiving an external stop command.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of acceleration measurement devices in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of acceleration measurement devices in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an th signal preprocessing module in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second signal preprocessing module in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of data acquisition methods based on range switching in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of data acquisition methods based on range switching in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a method for applying the data acquisition method based on range switching to a microgravity experiment system according to the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. accelerometer, 2, range switching module, 3, th signal preprocessing module, 31, th signal conditioning circuit, 311, th conversion circuit, 312, th amplifier, 313, th filter circuit, 32, th acquisition circuit, 4, second signal preprocessing module, 41, second signal conditioning circuit, 411, second conversion circuit, 412, second amplifier, 413, second filter circuit, 42, second acquisition circuit, 5, signal processing and control unit, 6, th accelerometer, 7, second accelerometer.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, acceleration measuring devices comprise an accelerometer 1, a range switching module 2, a signal preprocessing module 3, a second signal preprocessing module 4 and a signal processing and control unit 5;
the accelerometer 1 is used for acquiring acceleration information of an external environment;
the range switching module 2 is used for being connected with the th signal processing module 3 or the second signal processing module 4 according to a control signal sent by the signal processing and control unit 5 and sending the acquired acceleration information to the th signal processing module 3 or the second signal processing module 4;
the second signal preprocessing module 4 is used for preprocessing the received acceleration information;
the signal processing and control unit 5 is used for comparing the received preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value, generating a control signal according to the comparison result and sending the control signal to the range switching module 2, if the acceleration information is larger than the preset value, controlling the range switching module 2 to be connected with the th signal preprocessing module 3, and if the acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, controlling the range switching module 2 to be connected with the second signal preprocessing module 4;
the processing precision of the second signal preprocessing module 4 to the data is higher than that of the th signal preprocessing module 3, and the measuring range switching module 2 is types of relays, multi-way gating switches and GPA switching circuits.
As shown in fig. 3, the th signal preprocessing module 3 includes a th signal conditioning circuit 31 and a th acquisition circuit 32 connected in sequence.
The th signal conditioning circuit 31 includes a th converting circuit 311, a th amplifier 312, and a th filter circuit 313 connected in this order.
As shown in fig. 4, the second signal preprocessing module 4 includes a second signal conditioning circuit 41 and a second acquisition circuit 42, which are connected in sequence.
The second signal conditioning circuit 41 includes a second conversion circuit 411, a second amplifier 412, and a second filter circuit 413.
As shown in fig. 5, after the acceleration measuring device is powered on, the default range switching module is connected to the th signal preprocessing module, so that the data acquisition methods based on range switching include the following steps:
sa1, the accelerometer 1 collects acceleration information of the external environment;
the Sa2 signal preprocessing module preprocesses the acquired acceleration information;
the Sa3 is used for comparing the preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value, the signal processing and control unit 5 sends a control signal to the range switching module 2 according to the comparison result, if the acceleration information is larger than the preset value, the range switching module 2 is controlled to be connected with the th signal preprocessing module 3, the step Sa1 is returned, the acceleration information collection is stopped according to an external stop command, and if the acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, the range switching module 2 is controlled to be connected with the second signal preprocessing module 4, and the step Sa4 is executed;
sa4, the accelerometer 1 collects acceleration information of the external environment;
sa5, the second signal preprocessing module 4 preprocesses the collected acceleration information and sends the processed acceleration information to the signal processing and control unit 5 to execute the step Sa3, and stops collecting the acceleration information when receiving an external stop command.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, acceleration measuring devices include a th accelerometer 6, a second accelerometer 7, a th signal preprocessing module 3, a second signal preprocessing module 4 and a signal processing and control unit 5;
the th accelerometer 6 is used for acquiring acceleration information of an external environment and sending the acceleration information to the th signal preprocessing module 3;
the second accelerometer 7 is used for acquiring acceleration information of an external environment and sending the acceleration information to the second signal preprocessing module 4;
, a signal preprocessing module 3 for preprocessing the acceleration information and sending to the signal processing and control unit 5;
the second signal preprocessing module 4 is used for preprocessing the acceleration information and sending the acceleration information to the signal processing and control unit 5;
the signal processing and control unit 5 is used for comparing the preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value, if the preprocessed acceleration information is larger than the preset value, the th accelerometer 6 is started, and the second accelerometer 7 is closed, and if the preprocessed acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, the large-range accelerometer 6 is closed, and the small-range accelerometer 6 is started;
the processing precision of the second signal preprocessing module 4 on the data is greater than that of the th signal preprocessing module 3 on the data;
the range of the accelerometer 6 is greater than the range of the second accelerometer 7.
As shown in fig. 3, the th signal preprocessing module 3 includes a th signal conditioning circuit 31 and a th acquisition circuit 32 connected in sequence.
The th signal conditioning circuit 31 includes a th converting circuit 311, a th amplifier 312, and a th filter circuit 313 connected in this order.
As shown in fig. 4, the second signal preprocessing module 4 includes a second signal conditioning circuit 41 and a second acquisition circuit 42, which are connected in sequence.
The second signal conditioning circuit 41 includes a second conversion circuit 411, a second amplifier 412, and a second filter circuit 413.
As shown in fig. 6, after the acceleration measuring device is powered on, the th accelerometer and th signal preprocessing module are defaulted to work, and therefore, the data acquisition method based on span switching includes the following steps:
sb1, the accelerometer 6 collects the acceleration information of the external environment and sends the acceleration information to the signal preprocessing module 3;
sb2, th signal preprocessing module 3 preprocesses the received acceleration information;
sb3, the signal processing and control unit 5 compares the preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value, if it is larger than the preset value, returns to step Sb1 and ends when receiving an external stop command, if it is smaller than the preset value, turns off the th accelerometer 6 and turns on the second accelerometer 6, and executes step Sb 4;
sb4, the second accelerometer 7 collects external environment acceleration information;
sb5, the second signal preprocessing module 4 preprocesses the collected acceleration information and sends it to the signal processing and control unit 5 to perform step Sb3, and stops collecting acceleration information when receiving an external stop command.
In both embodiments described above, the external stop command refers to a manual shut-down of the acceleration measuring device, for example a power-off.
In the device structure of the above embodiments 1 and 2, the accelerometer 1, the th accelerometer 6 and the second accelerometer 7 all adopt quartz flexible accelerometers, the quartz flexible accelerometer is force balance type sensors, can convert the input acceleration into the tiny displacement of the flexible pendulous reed thereof, and is balanced by feedback force, and the flexible accelerometer has the characteristics of high precision and strong anti-interference capability due to the adoption of a force feedback loop, is most suitable for the acceleration measurement of low frequency and low g value, is which is an indispensable key component in an inertial navigation and guidance system, and has extensive application in navigation and guidance systems such as carrier rockets, long-distance ballistic missiles, spacecrafts, medium-range missiles, tactical missiles, military aircrafts, ships and the like.
The range switching module 2 is preferably a relay, the relay is selected from a magnetic latching relay, the magnetic latching relay is kinds of relays which are directly closed on the same pin, switching can be carried out only after an effective control signal is given, the magnetic latching relay is ensured not to change the original closed pin after power failure, and the magnetic latching relay is provided with two measurement modes of micro-gravity +/-50 mg and conventional gravity +/-2 g through switching a conditioning circuit, so that the system can be ensured to keep the advantage of high micro-gravity small-range measurement precision and also have the advantage of large conventional gravity wide-range measurement range, the universality of the device is enhanced.
The acquisition circuit 32 and the second acquisition circuit 42 both adopt A/D converters, the model is preferably ADS1258, ADS1258 is high-precision, low-power consumption and low-noise 16-channel multiplexing high-precision 24-bit A/D converter from TI company, the single-channel bandwidth is 125kSPS, the automatic acquisition bandwidth is 23.5kSPS, the noise is 2.8 mu VRMS @1.8kSPS, the linearity is 0.0003%, the functions of an input multiplexer, an analog low-pass filter, a digital filter and the like are integrated inside, various control registers are arranged inside, and users can obtain different A/D sampling rates, sampling modes, A/D conversion precisions and the like through different configurations;
the amplifier 312 is different from the second amplifier 412 in amplification factor, the amplifier 312 is larger than the second amplifier 412 in amplification factor, the amplifier 312 and the core amplifier of the second amplifier 412 both use 0P07, and OP07 is selected as the core amplifier, thus ensuring the accuracy and measurement feasibility of the signal at the post stage.
Therefore, after the signal processing and signal conversion in the previous period, the signal processing and control unit is mainly used for processing data and outputting control signals, and the signal processing and control unit selects an FPGA (field programmable gate array). the FPGA is a Flash type A3PE3000L-FG484M of Actel company, the working temperature is-55-125 ℃, the highest main frequency is 350MHz, and the maximum is 300 ten thousand circuits.
In the above two embodiments, the signal processing and control unit compares the preprocessed acceleration information with the preset value, and the preset value is 50 mg.
In the methods of the foregoing embodiments 1 and 2, after the signal processing and control unit finishes determining, the signal processing and control unit may further send a control signal to the microgravity experiment system as a start or end signal of the experiment, as shown in fig. 7, in this process, the pre-processing and determining processes of the collected data and the data are the same as the span switching method, and after the determining, the following steps are specifically performed: when the judgment result is larger than the preset value, the experiment is ended; if the value is less than the preset value, the experiment can be started.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
- The acceleration measuring device is characterized by comprising an accelerometer (1), a measuring range switching module (2), a signal preprocessing module (3), a second signal preprocessing module (4) and a signal processing and control unit (5);the accelerometer (1) is used for acquiring acceleration information of an external environment;the measuring range switching module (2) is used for being connected with the th signal processing module (3) or the second signal processing module (4) according to the control signal sent by the signal processing and control unit (5) and sending the acquired acceleration information to the th signal processing module (3) or the second signal processing module (4);the th signal preprocessing module (3) is used for preprocessing the received acceleration information;the second signal preprocessing module (4) is used for preprocessing the received acceleration information;the signal processing and control unit (5) is used for comparing the received preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value, generating a control signal according to the comparison result and sending the control signal to the range switching module (2), if the acceleration information is larger than the preset value, controlling the range switching module (2) to be connected with the th signal preprocessing module (3), and if the acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, controlling the range switching module (2) to be connected with the second signal preprocessing module (4);the processing precision of the second signal preprocessing module (4) on the data is higher than that of the th signal preprocessing module (3).
- 2. The acceleration measurement device of claim 1, wherein the span switch module (2) is kinds of relays, multi-way gate switches and GPA switch circuits.
- 3. The acceleration measurement device of claim 1, wherein the signal pre-processing module (3) includes a signal conditioning circuit (31) and a acquisition circuit (32) connected in series.
- 4. The acceleration measurement device of claim 3, wherein the signal conditioning circuit (31) includes a th conversion circuit (311), a th amplifier (312), and a th filter circuit (313) connected in series.
- 5. The acceleration measurement device of kinds according to claim 1, wherein the second signal preprocessing module (4) includes a second signal conditioning circuit (41) and a second acquisition circuit (42) connected in series.
- 6. The acceleration measurement device of , according to claim 5, characterized in that, the second signal conditioning circuit (41) includes a second switching circuit (411), a second amplifier (412) and a second filtering circuit (413).
- 7, method for data collection based on range switching, which includes:sa1, the accelerometer (1) collects acceleration information of the external environment;the Sa2, signal preprocessing module (3) preprocesses the collected acceleration information;the Sa3 comprises a signal processing and control unit (5) which compares the preprocessed acceleration information with a preset value and sends a control signal to a range switching module (2) according to the comparison result, if the preprocessed acceleration information is larger than the preset value, the range switching module (2) is controlled to be connected with a th signal preprocessing module (3), the step is returned to the Sa1, the acquisition of the acceleration information is stopped according to an external stop command, and if the preprocessed acceleration information is smaller than the preset value, the range switching module (2) is controlled to be connected with a second signal preprocessing module (4) and the step Sa4 is executed;sa4, the accelerometer (1) collects acceleration information of the external environment;sa5, the second signal preprocessing module (4) preprocesses the collected acceleration information and sends the information to the signal processing and control unit (5) to execute the step Sa3, and stops collecting the acceleration information when receiving an external stop command.
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CN108931336A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-12-04 | 北京航天计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of high stability pressure control algorithm |
CN108427336A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-08-21 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Quartz flexible accelerometer width modulated binary circuit range automatic switching method |
CN109633252A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-16 | 西安航天精密机电研究所 | The method and circuit of big small-range segmented A/D acquisition accelerometer current signal |
CN110632344A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-31 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Acceleration acquisition system and acquisition method based on sigma-delta type AD quartz watch |
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CN112379126B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-08-27 | 西安交通大学 | Quartz resonance acceleration sensor with composite measuring range |
CN115575667B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-07-04 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Method for switching working modes of electrostatic suspension accelerometer |
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