CN105737739B - Utilize the experimental provision and method of total reflection prism measurement filament tiny length change - Google Patents
Utilize the experimental provision and method of total reflection prism measurement filament tiny length change Download PDFInfo
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- CN105737739B CN105737739B CN201610092313.3A CN201610092313A CN105737739B CN 105737739 B CN105737739 B CN 105737739B CN 201610092313 A CN201610092313 A CN 201610092313A CN 105737739 B CN105737739 B CN 105737739B
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- prism
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- top plate
- filament
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experimental provision and method using total reflection prism measurement filament tiny length change, experimental provision is made of top plate, bottom plate, bottom plate prism, top plate prism, steering prism, laser emitter, laser pickoff, laser range finder, filament and connecting pole.It makes laser that 180 ° of steerings repeatedly occur by bottom plate prism and top plate prism, makes laser that 90 ° of steerings occur by turning to prism, and then form laser emitter top plate prism, bottom plate prism, the laser circuit for turning to prism laser pickoff.The change of overall optical path length obtains the length change of filament before and after being occurred by dissection, and millimetre-sized small thread-length measure of the change is converted into the measurement of the overall laser circuit distance of meter level, improves measurement accuracy, and small by external environmental interference.The present invention is simple and efficient, low to experimental operating skill requirement, is suitable for physics experiment teaching.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of physics facility and method, and the small length of filament is measured in particular to using total reflection prism
Spend the experimental provision and method of change.
Background technology
The tiny length change of measurement filament is in the experiment such as elastic modulus of metal filament and coefficient of linear expansion of wire measure
Key issue.Since the length change of filament in experiment is typically one micro in reality, generally 0.1mm~1mm it
Between, therefore conventional measuring method can not meet experimental precision requirement.
Widely used in existing Experiment of College Physics is that optical lever method surveys the small linear deformation of wire, optical lever side
Method uses the run-off the straight with wire elongation of optical lever speculum, derives that optical lever reflects according to reflection light change in location
The angle of inclination of mirror, and then obtain the elongation of wire.This method equipment simple application is extensive, but by optical lever speculum,
The optical system that telescope and scale are formed is difficult to adjust, and debugs the good rear external environment condition that is vulnerable to again and disturbs, in experimental implementation
Stability is poor, influences experimental precision, and optical lever method experimental implementation is complicated, measurement is time-consuming.This requires surveyed using optical lever method
Experimenter's operation is precisely skilled when measuring thread-length minor variations, and therefore, the precision of measurement result is influenced ratio by human factor
It is larger.Limited in practical teaching by students ' practical ability and qualification, generally hardly result in preferable experimental result.
The present invention provides a kind of experimental provision and method using total reflection prism measurement filament tiny length change.Entirely
Reflecting prism, that is, main cross section is the prism of isosceles right triangle, it changes the direct of travel of light path using total reflection principle,
When light is from right-angle surface vertical incidence, light deflects 90 ° without loss, and when light is from inclined-plane vertical incidence, light is without loss
Reverse 180 °.The present invention changes opticpath using total reflection prism, and overall optical path distance is measured with reference to laser range finder, into
And changed according to the tiny length that overall optical path distance change obtains filament before and after loading.
The content of the invention
, should the present invention provides a kind of experimental provision and method using total reflection prism measurement filament tiny length change
Apparatus and method realize the easy filament tiny length that fast and accurately measures and change.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, experimental provision of the present invention, including：Top plate, bottom plate, bottom plate prism, top plate prism, turn
To prism, laser emitter, laser pickoff, laser range finder, filament, connecting pole.
The bottom plate prism, top plate prism are total reflection prism with turning to prism, its cross section is isosceles right angle trigonometry
Shape, longitudinal edge where the right angle of cross section are known as right-angle side；Longitudinal surface where the bevel edge of cross section is known as inclined edge surfaces；Cross section
Straight flange where longitudinal surface be known as straight flange face；
The top plate and bottom plate are Rectangular Rigid surface plate, and top plate and bottom plate are arranged in parallel up and down, cover top surface
It is fixed；
The laser emitter, laser pickoff, laser range finder are arranged at the front side left comer of plate upper surface, wherein
Laser emitter can launch vertical laser, and laser pickoff can receive horizontal laser light, laser emitter and laser pickoff bottom
Portion is connected with laser range finder, it goes out received laser signal feature and show by handling laser emitter and laser pickoff sending and receiving
Show overall optical path length.
The bottom plate prism is the total reflection prism of two rows parallel arrangement, and two row bottom plate number of prisms are equal, is n,
It is symmetrically arranged in along bottom plate transverse axis in two long sides of bottom plate, the right-angle side of bottom plate prism is fixed on bottom plate, right-angle side and bottom plate
Long side is vertical, and the inclined edge surfaces of bottom plate prism are parallel with bottom plate；
Left comer, the front side right corner of top plate lower surface and rear side right corner are equipped with steering prism on rear side of plate upper surface, described
One straight flange face of steering prism is vertical with bottom plate (top plate) plane, another straight flange face and adjacent bottom plate (top plate) prism are oblique
Side face is connected, its right-angle side is parallel with the long side of bottom plate and top plate, and the inclined edge surfaces for turning to prism are leaned on towards device outside, right-angle side
The center of nearly bottom plate and top plate.
The bottom plate prism is identical with top plate prism dimensions, and quantity is 2n, its right angle edge lengths is h, cross section
The length of the hypotenuse is 2h；The right angle edge lengths for turning to prism are h, and cross section length of straight flange is h.
The top plate prism is the parallel total reflection prism of two rows, is arranged along two long sides of top plate lower surface, arranges shape
Formula is identical with bottom plate prism；And top plate prism is staggeredly opposite with bottom plate prism, make under the connection side and its of each prism of top plate prism
The right-angle side of the bottom plate prism in portion is in same vertical guide.
Connecting pole is arranged with the lower surface of top plate and the upper surface center of bottom plate, the height of connecting pole is equal to bottom plate
Prism and the high half of top plate prism, i.e. h/2.
The filament is connected between two connecting poles.
Make the laser of laser transmitter projects during experimental provision experiment of the present invention by bottom plate prism and top plate prism
Occur 180 ° steering, by turn to prism make laser occur 90 ° steering, formed laser emitter-top plate prism, bottom plate prism,
Turn to the laser circuit of prism-laser pickoff.
According to each prism dimensions quantity and top plate base plate size, it is known that in the laser circuit of this experimental provision laser level to
Propagation distance is constant, and total length is definite value S1。
Based on experimental provision described above and principle analysis, one kind provided by the invention utilizes total reflection prism measurement filament
The key step of the experimental method of tiny length change is as follows：
(1) the experimental provision top plate prism known to is 2n, and bottom plate prism is 2n, and it is 3 to turn to prism, takes one section
Filament both ends are connected between top plate and two connecting poles of bottom plate, and adjustment bottom plate position, makes floor level and and top plate
It is opposite up and down；
(2) laser emitter, laser pickoff and laser range finder power supply are connected, laser loop length S is measured, according to
Know that horizontal transmission process total length is definite value S in the laser circuit that the experimental provision is formed1, laser whole communication process includes
4n+2 vertical propagation light paths, obtain the vertical propagation distance S in laser circuit2=(4n+2) H=S-S1, wherein H is single vertical
Optical path length, the length for obtaining filament under original state are L=H=(S-S1)/(4n+2)；
(3) after external action changes thread-length, laser loop length S` is remeasured, according to known devices laser
All horizontal transmission process distances in circuit are still definite value S1, obtain the vertical propagation distance S` in laser circuit2=(4n+2) H`=S
`-S1, then the thread-length after changing is L`=H`=(S`-S1)/(4n+2)；
(4) length change Δ L=L`-L=(S`-S)/(4n+2) of filament caused by external action is calculated.
The total reflection prism and turn to total reflection prism formation closed laser light that the present invention is arranged by upper and lower staggered relative
Road, overall optical path length change, obtains and is connected between upper plate and lower plate center before and after the effect measured according to laser range finder
Thread-length changes.Compared to existing experimental provision and method, the present invention has the following advantages：
1st, change laser propagation approach by total reflection prism, overall optical path length is read by laser range finder, is reduced
External disturbance, it is easy to operate, it is low to instrumentation ability and qualification requirement, used suitable for beginner；
2nd, form laser by multiple total reflection prisms vertically back and forth to propagate, millimetre-sized small thread-length change is surveyed
Amount is converted into the measurement of the overall laser circuit distance of meter level, improves measurement accuracy.
Easy to operate and precision of the invention is high, is suitable for physics experiment teaching.Phase type using measurement accuracy as 1mm swashs
Exemplified by optar, when experimental provision bottom plate prism of the present invention and top plate number of prisms are 4, measurement essence in theory
Degree can reach 0.1mm, this fully meets the accurate measurement request of filament tiny length change.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is experimental provision schematic three dimensional views of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is steering prism and adjacent bottom plates (top plate) prism schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is experimental provision front view of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is experimental provision rearview of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is experimental provision left view of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is experimental provision right view of the present invention；
In figure：1st, top plate；2nd, bottom plate；3rd, bottom plate prism；4th, top plate prism；5th, prism is turned to；6th, laser emitter；7th, swash
Optical receiver；8th, laser range finder；9th, filament；10th, counterweight；11st, connecting pole.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with a specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, experimental provision described in the present embodiment is by top plate 1, bottom plate 2, bottom plate prism 3, top plate prism 4, steering
Prism 5, laser emitter 6, laser pickoff 7, laser range finder 8, filament 9, counterweight 10, connecting pole 11 form.
As shown in Figure 1, top plate 1 and bottom plate 2 are rectangle stiff sheet, interior angle is disposed with laser on the left of 2 upper surface of bottom plate
Transmitter 6, laser pickoff 7, laser range finder 8, laser emitter 6 are connected to laser range finder 8, institute with laser pickoff 7
It is phase laser distance measurement instrument to state laser range finder 8, measurement accuracy 1mm.
As shown in Figure 1, two long side directions of bottom plate 2 are respectively disposed with 4 bottom plate prisms 3,1 two length directions of top plate
It is respectively disposed with 4 top plate prisms 4；
As shown in Fig. 2, bottom plate prism 3 and top plate prism 4 are total reflection prism, its cross section is isosceles right angle trigonometry
Shape, longitudinal edge where the right angle of cross section are known as right-angle side；Longitudinal surface where the bevel edge of cross section is known as inclined edge surfaces；Cross section
Longitudinal surface where straight flange is known as straight flange face；
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, bottom plate prism 3 is identical with 4 size of top plate prism, its right angle edge lengths is h, and cross section is oblique
Edge lengths are 2h；The right angle edge lengths for turning to prism 5 are h, and cross section length of straight flange is also h.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, bottom plate prism 3 is the total reflection prism of two rows parallel arrangement, and two row bottom plate number of prisms are equal
For 4, set, be arranged symmetrically along the X direction of bottom plate 2, the right-angle side of bottom plate prism 3 is fixed along two long sides of bottom plate 2 respectively
In bottom plate 2, right-angle side is vertical with the long side of bottom plate 2, and inclined edge surfaces are parallel with bottom plate 2；Equally, top plate prism 4 is parallel for two rows
Total reflection prism, often row 4, arrange, arrangement form is identical with bottom plate prism 3 along two long sides of 1 lower surface of top plate；And top plate
Prism 4 is staggeredly opposite with bottom plate prism 3, and top plate prism 4 starts to arrange close to the left side of top plate 1, and bottom plate prism 3 is close to bottom plate 2
Right side start to arrange, make 4 each prism of top plate prism connection side and its underpart bottom plate prism 3 right-angle side it is same hang down
In face.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, left comer, the front side right corner of 1 lower surface of top plate and rear side right corner are equal on rear side of 2 upper surface of bottom plate
Equipped with turn to prism 5, it is described turn to prism 5 a straight flange face it is vertical with bottom plate 2 and 1 plane of top plate, another straight flange face and
Adjacent bottom plate prism 3 (top plate prism 4) inclined edge surfaces are connected, its right-angle side is parallel with the long side of bottom plate 2 and top plate 1, turn to rib
The inclined edge surfaces of mirror 5 are towards outside, and right-angle side is close to the center of bottom plate 2 and top plate 1.
It is illustrated in figure 3 present apparatus front view and the visible index path of front view, the laser launched from laser emitter 6
Reflection through top plate prism 4 and bottom plate prism 3 vertically upward, occurs 8 frees of losses, 180 ° of steerings, then passes through the front side of top plate 1
The prism 5 that turns at right corner forms the laser signal propagated in horizontal direction.
If Fig. 4 is present apparatus rearview and the visible index path of rearview, as Fig. 6 can for present apparatus right view and right view
The index path seen, it is seen then that through the laser signal for turning to 5 horizontal transmission of prism and coming at 1 front side right corner of top plate, after top plate 1
90 ° of steerings occur for the steering prism 5 of side right corner, and then propagate vertically downward；It is anti-through top plate prism 4 and bottom plate prism 3 after and
Penetrate, 180 ° of 8 frees of losses steering occurs, laser horizontally outward is then formed by the steering prism 5 at 2 rear side left comer of bottom plate
Signal.
As shown in figure 5, it is present apparatus left view and the visible index path of left view, through the steering at 2 rear side left comer of bottom plate
The laser signal that 5 level of prism transmits, is received by laser pickoff 7.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, bottom plate 2 and top plate 1 are provided centrally with connecting pole 11, and the height of connecting pole 11 is equal to bottom
Plate prism 3 and the high half of top plate prism 4, i.e. h/2；The experiment filament 9 is connected between two connecting poles 11.
The present embodiment introduces major experimental step and method exemplified by measuring the vertical elongation of filament.
(1) as shown in Figure 1, shown in Figure 5, between filament 9 being connected to two connecting poles 11,2 position of bottom plate is adjusted, makes bottom plate 2
Horizontal and symmetrical above and below with top plate 1, single vertical optical path length is H, and the length of filament 9 is L under original state；
(2) 8 power supply of laser emitter 6, laser pickoff 7 and laser range finder is connected, measures and is integrally filled under original state
The laser loop length S put, is fixed according to horizontal transmission process total length in the laser circuit of the known experimental provision formation
Value S1, present apparatus laser whole communication process include 18 it is vertical propagate light paths, obtain the vertical propagation distance S in laser circuit2=
18H=S-S1, then the length of filament is L=H=(S-S under original state1)/18；
(3) as shown in Figure 1, hanging counterweight 10 at the center of bottom plate lower surface, make thin 9 to extend, repeat abovementioned steps
(1) and (2) laser loop length S`, is remeasured, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6, the length of filament 9 is L` after stretching, single vertical
Optical path length is H`, is still definite value S according to all horizontal transmission process distances in known devices laser circuit1, obtain laser circuit
Vertical propagation distance S`2=18H`=S`-S1, then the length of original state filament is L`=H`=(S`-S1)/18；
(4) the elongation Δ L=L`-L=(S`-S)/18 of filament is calculated.
According to the precision of laser range finder 8 used by the present embodiment and the number of single vertical light path, can obtain in theory
The measurement accuracy of the present embodiment is up to 0.1mm.
Above example is only a kind of application of device of the present invention and experimental method, is not limitation ot it.
The present invention, with reference to laser transmitting-receiving and range unit, forms closure using the total reflection prism of different arrangement forms
Laser circuit, by analyzing the change of overall optical path length before and after thread-length change, and then obtains the length change of filament.It is real
Experiment device and method are operated level by external environment condition and experimenter to be influenced small, and high certainty of measurement, is suitable for Experiment of College Physics
Teaching.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of experimental provision using total reflection prism measurement filament tiny length change, the experimental provision by top plate, bottom plate,
Bottom plate prism, top plate prism, turn to prism, laser emitter, laser pickoff, laser range finder, filament, connecting pole composition,
The top plate and bottom plate are Rectangular Rigid surface plate, and top plate and bottom plate are arranged in parallel up and down, and cover top surface is fixed；Institute
It is total reflection prism to state bottom plate prism and top plate prism, makes the laser of vertical incidence that 180 ° of reverses, bottom plate prism and top plate occur
Prism is arranged in parallel along two long sides of bottom plate and top plate in two rows respectively, and often the quantity of row bottom plate prism and top plate prism is
N, top plate prism is staggeredly opposite up and down with bottom plate prism, makes the connection side between each top plate prism and the bottom plate prism immediately below it
Right-angle side in same vertical guide；The steering prism is three total reflection prisms, the laser of incidence is occurred 90 ° partially
Turn, turn to prism and be arranged at floor rear left comer, top plate front side right corner and top plate rear side right corner；The Laser emission
Device, laser pickoff, laser range finder are arranged at the front side left comer of plate upper surface；The laser of laser transmitter projects is the bottom of through
Repeatedly vertically reflection and diverted prism change the direction of propagation for plate prism and top plate prism, and formation closure light path, is finally laser
Receiver receives, and the length of overall laser optical path is measured by laser range finder.
2. a kind of method that experimental provision using described in claim 1 is tested, its major experimental step is as follows：
(1) one section of filament both ends is taken to be connected between top plate and two connecting poles of bottom plate, adjustment bottom plate position, makes bottom plate
It is horizontal and opposite up and down with top plate；
(2) laser emitter, laser pickoff and laser range finder power supply, measurement laser loop length S are connected；
(3) after external action makes thread-length change, laser loop length S` is remeasured；
(4) calculate thread-length changes delta L=(S`-S)/(4n+2) caused by external action, wherein n for every row bottom plate prism and
The number of top plate prism.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610092313.3A CN105737739B (en) | 2016-02-02 | 2016-02-02 | Utilize the experimental provision and method of total reflection prism measurement filament tiny length change |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610092313.3A CN105737739B (en) | 2016-02-02 | 2016-02-02 | Utilize the experimental provision and method of total reflection prism measurement filament tiny length change |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105737739A CN105737739A (en) | 2016-07-06 |
| CN105737739B true CN105737739B (en) | 2018-05-15 |
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| CN201610092313.3A Expired - Fee Related CN105737739B (en) | 2016-02-02 | 2016-02-02 | Utilize the experimental provision and method of total reflection prism measurement filament tiny length change |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108534688A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-09-14 | 北方民族大学 | The displacement sensor and its measurement method of amplification factor can be improved |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1484015A (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2004-03-24 | 金 浩 | Laser instrument for measuring cotton length |
| CN2643281Y (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2004-09-22 | 曾仲宁 | Light amplification measuring unit for tiny length change |
| CN2896220Y (en) * | 2006-05-20 | 2007-05-02 | 西南大学 | Optical lever of measuring micro-length by using laser |
| CN101393375A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-03-25 | 华中科技大学 | Biprism multi-pass transmission equipment |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101081370B1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-11-08 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | High resolution optical interferometer with parallel multiple pass configuration and apparatus for measuring distance using the same |
-
2016
- 2016-02-02 CN CN201610092313.3A patent/CN105737739B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1484015A (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2004-03-24 | 金 浩 | Laser instrument for measuring cotton length |
| CN2643281Y (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2004-09-22 | 曾仲宁 | Light amplification measuring unit for tiny length change |
| CN2896220Y (en) * | 2006-05-20 | 2007-05-02 | 西南大学 | Optical lever of measuring micro-length by using laser |
| CN101393375A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-03-25 | 华中科技大学 | Biprism multi-pass transmission equipment |
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