CN105736153A - 燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的进气道混合气形成装置 - Google Patents

燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的进气道混合气形成装置 Download PDF

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CN105736153A
CN105736153A CN201610113050.XA CN201610113050A CN105736153A CN 105736153 A CN105736153 A CN 105736153A CN 201610113050 A CN201610113050 A CN 201610113050A CN 105736153 A CN105736153 A CN 105736153A
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fuel
oil
fuel injector
fuel tank
oil pump
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吕兴才
钱勇
王小乐
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/021Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/023Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/024Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0607Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/061Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686Injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0697Arrangement of fuel supply systems on engines or vehicle bodies; Components of the fuel supply system being combined with another device
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/081Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0027Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3011Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3094Controlling fuel injection the fuel injection being effected by at least two different injectors, e.g. one in the intake manifold and one in the cylinder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • F02M21/0278Port fuel injectors for single or multipoint injection into the air intake system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/029Arrangement on engines or vehicle bodies; Conversion to gaseous fuel supply systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0296Manufacturing or assembly; Materials, e.g. coatings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Abstract

燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的进气道混合气形成装置。一种属于内燃机技术领域的进气道混合气形成装置,包括独特设计的进气管、燃料油箱、油泵、油管、电控喷油器、电子控制单元,四个装有不同组分燃油的油箱分别给四个电子喷油器供油,四个电子喷油器均匀分布在特殊设计的进气管的四周。本发明可以通过灵活改变各组分的比例,来调节缸内混合气活性、燃料含氧率、辛烷值、高十六烷值等宏观参数,使各燃料之间的化学性质互补。同时,可以使燃料充分混合均匀,通过四个喷油器喷射的不同燃油油束之间的相互作用,并将喷射角度控制在二十度至三十度,还可以实现燃油在进气管道内的良好的蒸发、雾化。本发明设计合理,结构简单,适用于进气道混合气形成装置的优化设计。

Description

燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的进气道混合气形成装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机技术领域的混合气形成装置,特别是一种燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的发动机进气道多组分混合气形成装置。
背景技术
传统汽油机采用火花点燃,使用的汽油的主要组分是C4-C10的直链烷烃、支链烷烃、烯烃、芳烃。由于发动机的工况实时变化,而燃料的组份和化学特性固定,因此不可能在每一个发动机工况下性能和排放最优。特别是越来越严格的排放法规,需要严格控制发动机的微粒质量排放和数量排放,而燃料中的芳香烃则容易导致碳烟前驱物的生成。最近二十年,随着新型替代燃料的深入研究,部分含氧燃料已经进入实际应用,如很多国家的汽油中都会添加一定比例的乙醇(或者甲醇、丁醇等),从而可以在一定程度上改善燃烧和碳烟排放。但是醇类燃料的添加比例是固定的,无法根据工况变化而自适应调整醇类燃料的比例,比如在发动机全负荷的时候可以采用大比例的含氧燃料而显著减少碳烟的质量排放和微粒数量排放。
针对目前广泛研究的各种新型燃烧模式,如均质充量压缩着火燃烧、可控自燃着火燃烧、双燃料顺序着火燃烧、反应活性控制着火燃烧等,其着火与燃烧特性主要由混合气的化学反应特性决定。也就是说,即使燃料的辛烷值或者十六烷值相同,整个燃烧过程的着火与燃烧历程、排放物生成和演化历程都有很大差别。对这些燃烧模式,需要采用燃料的化学反应特性控制着火、燃烧和排放物生成,而不仅仅是通过点火时刻和喷油时刻等参数来控制。
发明内容
本发明为了克服目前发动机进气道混合气形成技术的不足,提供一种可以在进气道同时喷射多种燃料组分的混合气形成装置,并可以在灵活控制多组分燃料化学特性的同时保证燃料的蒸发及雾化效果良好。同时,使用多种进气道燃料时,可以通过设置特定的喷射角度以及油束之间的相互作用让燃料在进气道中的蒸发和雾化程度提高,从而提高燃料效率和降低排放。例如,使用该装置可以在进气道分别喷射汽油、二甲醚、天然气、醇(甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、或者戊醇),通过灵活改变各种燃料的比例,来调节缸内混合气活性、燃料含氧率、辛烷值、十六烷值等宏观参数,使各燃料之间的化学性质互补。当然,在实际运行过程中也可以只喷射一种燃料,也可以喷射两种燃料(之间任意组合),或者三种燃料(之间任意组合),从而满足实际运行、发动机性能、排放的要求。此外,也可以通过本装置获得较好的雾化和蒸发效果,有效避免燃油附壁现象。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的,本发明包括第一油箱、第一油泵、第一油管、第一喷油器、第二油箱、第三油箱、第四油箱、第二油泵、第三油泵、第四油泵、电子控制单元、第二油管、第三油管、第四油管、第二喷油器、第三喷油器、第四喷油器、进气管,第一油泵布置在第一油箱内,第一油管的两端分别与第一油泵、第一喷油器相连接,第二油泵、第三油泵、第四油泵分别布置在第二油箱、第三油箱、第四油箱内,第二油管的两端分别与第二油泵、第二喷油器相连接,第三油管的两端分别与第三油泵、第三喷油器相连接,第四油管的两端分别与第四油泵、第四喷油器相连接,第一喷油器、第二喷油器、第三喷油器、第四喷油器均通过线束与电子控制单元相连接,第一喷油器、第二喷油器、第三喷油器、第四喷油器均匀布置在进气管的四周。
进一步地,在本发明中,第一喷油器、第二喷油器、第三喷油器、第四喷油器喷射角度均为二十度至三十度,在第一油箱、第二油箱、第三油箱、第四油箱内分别放置四种不同的燃料或相同的燃料。
更进一步地,在本发明中,在第一油箱、第二油箱、第三油箱、第四油箱内分别放置汽油、二甲醚、天然气、醇类燃料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:第一,本装置可以同时喷射多种燃油,也可以只是喷射一种燃料或者两种燃料;第二,可以在各种工况下保证喷射燃料良好的蒸发和雾化效果,避免燃油附壁现象;第三,可以使各组分充分混合;第四,可以灵活控制各组分的比例,来调节缸内混合气活性,燃料含氧率、辛烷值、高十六烷值等宏观参数;第五,可以将发动机的微粒排放在全工况范围内控制到最低;第六,适用范围广,可用于各种新型燃烧模式,如均质充量压缩着火燃烧、可控自燃着火燃烧、反应活性控制着火燃烧等;第七,结构简单、技术成熟,开发成本低。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图;
图2是本发明中喷油器的纵向布置图;
图3是本发明中喷油器的横向布置图;
附图中的标号分别为:1、第一油箱,2、第二油箱,3、第三油箱,4、第四油箱,5、第一油泵,6、第二油泵,7、第三油泵,8、第四油泵,9、电子控制单元,10、第一油管,11、第二油管,12、第三油管,13、第四油管,14、第一喷油器,15、第二喷油器,16、第三喷油器,17、第四喷油器,18、进气管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例
本发明的实施例如图1至图3所示,本发明包括第一油箱1、第一油泵5、第一油管10、第一喷油器14、第二油箱2、第三油箱3、第四油箱4、第二油泵6、第三油泵7、第四油泵8、电子控制单元9、第二油管11、第三油管12、第四油管13、第二喷油器15、第三喷油器16、第四喷油器17、进气管18,第一油泵5布置在第一油箱1内,第一油管10的两端分别与第一油泵5、第一喷油器14相连接,第二油泵6、第三油泵7、第四油泵8分别布置在第二油箱2、第三油箱3、第四油箱4内,第二油管11的两端分别与第二油泵6、第二喷油器15相连接,第三油管12的两端分别与第三油泵7、第三喷油器16相连接,第四油管13的两端分别与第四油泵8、第四喷油器17相连接,第一喷油器14、第二喷油器15、第三喷油器16、第四喷油器17均通过线束与电子控制单元9相连接,第一喷油器14、第二喷油器15、第三喷油器16、第四喷油器17均匀布置在进气管18的四周,第一喷油器14、第二喷油器15、第三喷油器16、第四喷油器17喷射角度均为二十度至三十度,在第一油箱1、第二油箱2、第三油箱3、第四油箱4内分别放置汽油、二甲醚、天然气、醇类燃料。
本装置的工作流程是:第一,根据实验需要通过计算机设置喷射时刻、喷油脉宽,并传输给喷油器;第二,各个喷油器分别将不同组分的燃油根据需求量喷至进气管8;第三,喷射的燃油在进气管混合、蒸发、雾化,然后进入缸体。
由于特定的喷射角度和四个喷油器在进气管周围均匀分布以及四个喷油器喷射的油束之间的相互作用,喷油器喷射的燃油会在进气管8内充分混合、蒸发、雾化。通过实验测试和理论计算,发现当喷油器与管壁所成夹角为二十度至三十度时,燃油可以有效地避免粘附在本侧壁面以及对侧壁面上,且可以充分混合、蒸发和雾化。

Claims (4)

1.一种燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的进气道混合气形成装置,包括第一油箱(1)、第一油泵(5)、第一油管(10)、第一喷油器(14),第一油泵(5)布置在第一油箱(1)内,第一油管(10)的两端分别与第一油泵(5)、第一喷油器(14)相连接,其特征在于,还包括第二油箱(2)、第三油箱(3)、第四油箱(4)、第二油泵(6)、第三油泵(7)、第四油泵(8)、电子控制单元(9)、第二油管(11)、第三油管(12)、第四油管(13)、第二喷油器(15)、第三喷油器(16)、第四喷油器(17)、进气管(18),第二油泵(6)、第三油泵(7)、第四油泵(8)分别布置在第二油箱(2)、第三油箱(3)、第四油箱(4)内,第二油管(11)的两端分别与第二油泵(6)、第二喷油器(15)相连接,第三油管(12)的两端分别与第三油泵(7)、第三喷油器(16)相连接,第四油管(13)的两端分别与第四油泵(8)、第四喷油器(17)相连接,第一喷油器(14)、第二喷油器(15)、第三喷油器(16)、第四喷油器(17)均通过线束与电子控制单元(9)相连接,第一喷油器(14)、第二喷油器(15)、第三喷油器(16)、第四喷油器(17)均匀布置在进气管(18)的四周。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的进气道混合气形成装置,其特征在于第一喷油器(14)、第二喷油器(15)、第三喷油器(16)、第四喷油器(17)喷射角度均为二十度至三十度,在第一油箱(1)、第二油箱(2)、第三油箱(3)、第四油箱(4)内分别放置四种不同的燃料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的进气道混合气形成装置,其特征在于在第一油箱(1)、第二油箱(2)、第三油箱(3)、第四油箱(4)内分别放置汽油、二甲醚、天然气、醇类燃料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的进气道混合气形成装置,其特征在于在第一油箱(1)、第二油箱(2)、第三油箱(3)、第四油箱(4)内分别放置相同的燃料。
CN201610113050.XA 2016-02-29 2016-02-29 燃料组分和化学特性可以灵活调制的进气道混合气形成装置 Pending CN105736153A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108343534A (zh) * 2018-04-09 2018-07-31 西华大学 一种活性控制压燃发动机可变燃油供给系统
CN114233540A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2022-03-25 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种甲醇发动机冷启动进气管装置及其控制方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108343534A (zh) * 2018-04-09 2018-07-31 西华大学 一种活性控制压燃发动机可变燃油供给系统
CN108343534B (zh) * 2018-04-09 2023-08-18 西华大学 一种活性控制压燃发动机可变燃油供给系统
CN114233540A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2022-03-25 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种甲醇发动机冷启动进气管装置及其控制方法

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