CN105733516B - A kind of composite phase-change film and preparation method thereof based on graphene - Google Patents
A kind of composite phase-change film and preparation method thereof based on graphene Download PDFInfo
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- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of composite phase-change membrane material and preparation method thereof based on graphene.Enter solidification liquid after certain density graphene oxide water solution is squeezed out from continuously and smoothly in the preparation facilities exported with linear type, places into liquid nitrogen and be rapidly frozen.Then graphite oxide aerogel film is obtained by freeze-drying, it is sent into high temperature furnace and carries out 1300 DEG C of -3000 DEG C of heat treatments of high temperature under an inert atmosphere, then it is immersed in the dichloromethane solution of the paraffin of various concentration, after fully absorbing, obtains the composite phase-change membrane material based on graphene.The composite phase-change membrane material of the graphene is excellent to paraffin packaging effect, paraffin loading is 0.1-99.9%, and film-paraffin is compound uniformly, after heating for multiple times cooling cycle, the melt phase change enthalpy and solidification enthalpy of phase change of material are held essentially constant, to realize that efficient heat energy stores.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to carbon composite phase-change material field more particularly to a kind of composite phase-change films and its system based on graphene
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Phase-change material is to be absorbed or discharged thermal energy by physical change that temperature change occurs.There are commonly
Since performance is stablized, the advantages that phase transition temperature is wide and temperature is adjustable, is widely used machine phase-change material, however organic
Phase-change material exists simultaneously that heat conductivility is poor, and the coefficient of cubical expansion is big, the shortcomings of being easy leakage.
Graphene (Graphene) is a kind of monolayer two dimensional crystal, has the highest intensity of known materials, extraordinary
Specific surface area and excellent electric conductivity and thermal conductivity are current optimal two-dimension nano materials.The graphene of macroscopic view assembling
Film has given full play to graphene surface product greatly, and intensity is high, the characteristic of excellent thermal conductivity.If by graphene film and paraffin perfection knot
Conjunction prepares excellent composite phase-change material as a challenge.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of composite phase-change membrane material based on graphene and
Preparation method.The present invention is easy to operate, environmentally protective, and the graphene film thickness that is obtained, size can be adjusted, to have
Effect adjusts the structure of the composite phase-change material based on graphene aerogel film.The method prepare based on graphene aerogel film
Composite phase-change material thermal storage performance it is excellent, be suitble to large-scale production and application.
It is achieved through the following technical solutions in the purpose of the present invention:A kind of composite phase-change film based on graphene, by stone
Black alkene aerogel film and the paraffin composition being filled in graphene aerogel fenestra hole, the loading of the paraffin is 0.1-
99.9vol%.
A kind of preparation method of the composite phase-change film based on graphene, its step are as follows:
(1) graphene oxide water solution of a concentration of 4-100mg/mL is connected from the preparation facilities with linear type die orifice
Enter solidification liquid after continuous at the uniform velocity extrusion, is frozen into graphene oxide gel film, graphene oxide gel film is put into liquid nitrogen soon
Quickly cooling is frozen.
(2) by the graphene oxide gel film after freezing processing under atmosphere of inert gases first with the speed of 0.1-1 DEG C/min
Rate is warming up to 500-800 DEG C, keeps the temperature 0.5-2h;
(3) it is warming up to 1000-1300 DEG C with the rate of 1-3 DEG C/min under atmosphere of inert gases, keeps the temperature 0.5-3h;
(4) it is warming up to 2000-3000 DEG C with the rate of 5-8 DEG C/min under atmosphere of inert gases, keeps the temperature 0.5-4h, obtains
Graphene aerogel film
(5) the graphene aerogel film for obtaining step 4 is in the dichloromethane solution of the paraffin of a concentration of 1-100g/ml
1-10h is impregnated, then is put in drying in 30 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens, obtains the composite phase-change film based on graphene.
Further, the average-size of the graphene oxide in the step 1 be more than 50um, breadth coefficient be 0.1~
0.5。
Further, the extruded velocity in preparation facilities is 4-20m/min.
Further, the temperature of the solidification liquid is 30-60 DEG C, by methanol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, second two
In alcohol, cyclohexanone, glycerine, butyl acetate, propylene glycol, n-propyl acetate, acetic acid, glycerine, isobutanol, methyl acetate etc.
It is one or more to be formed according to arbitrary ratio.
Further, the residence time is 10-100 seconds in solidification liquid.
Further, the time that the graphene oxide gel film is rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen is set as 5-30min.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) Graphene gel film is rapidly frozen by liquid nitrogen, maintains the original hole knot of Graphene gel film
Structure is laid a good foundation for the preparation of aerogel film.
(2) pass through the independent temperature-rise period of three steps so that the functional group of graphene surface gradually disengages, and in gaseous form
It discharges step by step, meanwhile, graphitizing process stepwise development forms the micro- air bag of graphene;And in the forming process of micro- air bag, graphene
Surface functional group the most stable also falls off therewith, in addition gas expansion under high temperature, thereby produces aerogel structure, is conducive to
The filling of paraffin.
(3) the melt phase change enthalpy of the composite phase-change film based on graphene obtained through the invention is 186.3J/g, solidification
Enthalpy of phase change is 194.2J/g.
Specific implementation mode
Content is further illustrated the present invention below in conjunction with example:
Embodiment 1
(1) by the graphene oxide water solution of a concentration of 10mg/mL from the preparation facilities with linear type die orifice with
10m/min continuously and smoothlies enter solidification liquid (methanol, temperature are 40 DEG C) after squeezing out, stop 20 seconds, it is solidifying to be frozen into graphene oxide
Graphene oxide gel film is respectively placed in -18 DEG C of refrigerator and is fully freezed in liquid nitrogen by glued membrane.
(2) by the graphene oxide gel film after freezing processing under atmosphere of inert gases first with the rate liter of 1 DEG C/min
Temperature keeps the temperature 0.5h to 800 DEG C;
(3) 1300 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 3 DEG C/min under atmosphere of inert gases, keep the temperature 0.5h;
(4) 3000 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 8 DEG C/min under atmosphere of inert gases, keep the temperature 0.5h, obtains graphene gas
Gel mould
It is found by scanning electron microscopic observation, the obtained graphene aerogel film (A) after -18 DEG C of refrigerators fully freeze
Hole is larger and uneven, and the graphene aerogel film (B) obtained after being handled by liquid nitrogen frozen has hole uniformly, fine and close
Hole structure.This is because ice-crystal growth is slow under refrigerator, finally formed crystal grain is big and uneven, and under liquid nitrogen quickly
After freezing, the ice crystal of formation is small and uniform.
(5) aerogel film (A) and aerogel film (B) obtained step 4 is in the dichloro of the paraffin of a concentration of 10g/ml
1h is impregnated in dichloromethane, then is put in drying in 30 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens, obtains composite phase-change film (A) and (B) based on graphene,
Its paraffin loading is respectively 20% and 40%.It is tested, is obtained based on the compound of graphene by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
The melt phase change enthalpy of phase-change film (A) is 76.4J/g, and solidification enthalpy of phase change is 82.3J/g, the composite phase-change film (B) based on graphene
Melt phase change enthalpy be 143.2J/g, solidification enthalpy of phase change be 150.2J/g.
Comparative example 1:Shown in embodiment 1 as above, it is as follows to change its Elevated Temperature Conditions:
3000 DEG C are directly warming up to the speed of 100 DEG C/min, and reacts same time.Prepared graphene aerogel
Film does not have hole, is unable to Adsorption Paraffin.
Embodiment 2
(1) by the graphene oxide water solution of a concentration of 60mg/mL from the preparation facilities with linear type die orifice with
10m/min continuously and smoothlies enter solidification liquid (methanol, temperature are 40 DEG C) after squeezing out, stop 20 seconds, it is solidifying to be frozen into graphene oxide
Graphene oxide gel film is respectively placed in freezing 3min, 5min, 15min, 30min, 35min in liquid nitrogen by glued membrane.At freezing
Graphene oxide gel film (a, b, c, d, e) after reason, which is placed under scanning electron microscope, to be observed, and graphene oxide gel film a lamellas stack
More, hole is few;Graphene oxide gel film b, c, d hole is uniform, and compactness extent successively increases, graphene oxide gel film e
Structure is destroyed.
(2) by the graphene oxide gel film after freezing processing under atmosphere of inert gases first with the rate liter of 1 DEG C/min
Temperature keeps the temperature 0.5h to 800 DEG C;
(3) 1300 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 3 DEG C/min under atmosphere of inert gases, keep the temperature 0.5h;
(4) 3000 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 8 DEG C/min under atmosphere of inert gases, keep the temperature 0.5h, obtains graphene gas
Gel mould;
(5) the graphene aerogel film in the dichloromethane solution of the paraffin of a concentration of 80g/ml is impregnated into 3h, then put
It is dry in 30 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens, the composite phase-change membrane material based on graphene is obtained, paraffin loading is 99.9%.By showing
Poor scanning calorimetry (DSC) test, the melt phase change enthalpy for obtaining the composite phase-change film based on graphene are 186.3J/g, solidifying phase
Change enthalpy is 194.2J/g.
Embodiment 3
(1) by the graphene oxide water solution of a concentration of 1mg/mL from the preparation facilities with linear type die orifice with 10m/
Min continuously and smoothlies enter solidification liquid (cyclohexanone, temperature are 30 DEG C) after squeezing out, stop 10 seconds, be frozen into graphene oxide gel
Graphene oxide gel film is placed in liquid nitrogen and carries out 25min by film.
(2) by the graphene oxide gel film after freezing processing under atmosphere of inert gases first with the rate liter of 1 DEG C/min
Temperature keeps the temperature 0.5h to 800 DEG C;
(3) 1300 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 3 DEG C/min under atmosphere of inert gases, keep the temperature 0.5h;
(4) 3000 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 8 DEG C/min under atmosphere of inert gases, keep the temperature 0.5h, obtains graphene gas
Gel mould;
(5) aerogel film that step 4 obtains is impregnated into 5h in the dichloromethane solution of the paraffin of a concentration of 10g/ml, then
It is put in drying in 30 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens, obtains the composite phase-change film based on graphene, paraffin loading is 70%.By showing that difference is swept
Calorimetry (DSC) test is retouched, the melt phase change enthalpy for obtaining the composite phase-change film based on graphene is 126.3J/g, solidifies enthalpy of phase change
For 164.2J/g.
Embodiment 4
(1) by the graphene oxide water solution of a concentration of 100mg/mL from the preparation facilities with linear type die orifice with
10m/min continuously and smoothlies enter solidification liquid (acetone, temperature are 80 DEG C) after squeezing out, stop 30 seconds, it is solidifying to be frozen into graphene oxide
Graphene oxide gel film is placed in liquid nitrogen and carries out 25min by glued membrane.
(2) by the graphene oxide gel film after freezing processing under atmosphere of inert gases with heat shown in 1~table of table 3 at
Reason mode is heat-treated,
(3) aerogel film after being heat-treated step 3 is impregnated in the dichloromethane solution of the paraffin of a concentration of 10g/ml
3h, then it is put in drying in 30 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens, obtain the composite phase-change film based on graphene.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
From 1~table of table 3 as can be seen that being determined in terms of the performance of this material mainly has two, one material internal graphite oxide
Alkene chip architecture repair situation, i.e., functional group fall off and high temperature under carbon conjugated structure reparation.Second, material internal three-dimensional takes
To the continuity of structure, i.e., the connectivity of internal lamellar structure.The performance of the two collective effect graphene composite phase-change film.
In table 1, by comparing A1 B1 C1 D1 E1, the temperature of A1 is too low, is not enough to remove most of degradable official
It can roll into a ball, cause gas in second step pyroprocess largely quickly to generate, tear lamellar structure at high temperature;E1 temperature is excessively high, production
Angry body is too fast, can largely tear material internal structure, both can make deterioration in material properties.It has only in B1, C1, D1 temperature
Under, functional group can be slow and thoroughly removes, to ensure material property.By comparing C1 F1 G1 H1, F1 heating rates are too low,
Gas release is excessively slow, and material internal cannot be made to form through-hole;H1 temperature-rise periods are too fast, and gas release is too fast, tear material
Expect internal structure, is unfavorable for forming transmission channel.C1 I1 J1 K1 L1 M1, I1 soaking times are too short, it cannot be guaranteed that most of
The degradation of functional group;M1 insulating processes are long, can absorb the tar inside stove, are unfavorable for the promotion of performance.J1, K1, L1 are just
Avoid both of the above well.
In table 2, by comparing A2 B2 C2 D2 E2, A2 heating rates are too low, seriously affect compressibility energy and electric heating
Performance.E heating rates are excessively high, can tear graphene interlayer structure so that the degradation of graphene aerogel film.Have only B2,
Under the heating rate of C2, D2, it just capable can not only ensure aerogel film structure but also ensure the electric conductivity of graphene.By comparing
C2 F2 G2 H2, F2 temperature is too low so that stable functional group cannot be sufficiently disengaged from, it is follow-up it is graphited during be easy
Transition discharges gas, destroys the internal structure of aerogel film;By comparing C2 I2 J2 K2 L2 M2, I2 soaking times are too short,
Stable functional group cannot fully fall off;M2 overlong times, graphene aerogel film are easy tar adsorption, are unfavorable for graphene gas
The promotion of gel film properties;And can not only ensure fully falling off for stabilising functional group under the conditions of C2, J2, K2, but also it is avoided that tar
Puzzlement.
In table 3, by comparing A3 B3 C3 D3 E3, A3 heating rates are too low, and most stabilising functional group falls off excessively slow, no
Conducive to the formation of graphene aerogel film conjugate network;E3 temperature-rise periods are too fast, and gas release and high-temperature expansion are too fast, are easy
Destroy the structure of graphene aerogel film.Only in the case of B3, C3, D3, the graphene aerogel film of conductive network could be steady
Fixed formation, the structure on graphene could be repaired slowly.By comparing C3 F3 G3 H3 I3, F3 outlet temperatures are too low,
The reparation of graphene aerogel membrane structure is incomplete, so various performances are all very poor;Could both it ensure at a temperature of C3, G3, H3
The reparation of graphene-structured, and will not be destroyed.By comparing C3 J3 K3 L3 M3, J3 soaking times are too low, graphene gas
Gel membrane structure cannot be repaired fully, and M3 soaking times are long, can also to adsorb the tar in furnace body, it is compound to influence graphene
The performance of phase-change film.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of the composite phase-change film based on graphene, which is characterized in that its step are as follows:
(1)The graphene oxide water solution of a concentration of 4-100mg/mL is continuous even from the preparation facilities with linear type die orifice
Speed enters solidification liquid after squeezing out, and is frozen into graphene oxide gel film, graphene oxide gel film is put into fast quickly cooling in liquid nitrogen
Freeze;Wherein, the average-size of graphene oxide is more than 50um in graphene oxide water solution, and breadth coefficient is 0.1 ~ 0.5;It squeezes out
Speed is 4-20m/min;The residence time is 10-100 seconds in solidification liquid;Graphene oxide gel film is rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen
Time is set as 5-30min;
(2)By the graphene oxide gel film after freezing processing first with 0.1-1 under atmosphere of inert gasesoThe rate of C/min heats up
To 500-800oC keeps the temperature 0.5-2h;
(3)With 1-3 under atmosphere of inert gasesoThe rate of C/min is warming up to 1000-1300oC keeps the temperature 0.5-3h;
(4)With 5-8 under atmosphere of inert gasesoThe rate of C/min is warming up to 2000-3000 oC keeps the temperature 0.5-4h, obtains stone
Black alkene aerogel film;
(5)By step(4)The graphene aerogel film of acquisition soaks in the dichloromethane solution of the paraffin of a concentration of 1-100g/ml
1-10h is steeped, then is put in drying in 30 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens, obtains the composite phase-change film based on graphene.
2. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature of the solidification liquid is 30-60oC, by methanol,
Ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, cyclohexanone, glycerine, butyl acetate, propylene glycol, n-propyl acetate, acetic acid, third
It is one or more according to arbitrary ratio composition in triol, isobutanol, methyl acetate.
3. a kind of composite phase-change film based on graphene prepared such as any one of claim 1 ~ 2 the method, which is characterized in that
It is made of graphene aerogel film and the paraffin being filled in graphene aerogel fenestra hole, the loading of the paraffin is 0.1-
99.9vol%。
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