CN105733298A - Preparation method of cotton fabric yellow vegetable dye - Google Patents

Preparation method of cotton fabric yellow vegetable dye Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105733298A
CN105733298A CN201610066264.6A CN201610066264A CN105733298A CN 105733298 A CN105733298 A CN 105733298A CN 201610066264 A CN201610066264 A CN 201610066264A CN 105733298 A CN105733298 A CN 105733298A
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preparation
dye
dyestuff
organic solvent
ultrasonic
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CN105733298B (en
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不公告发明人
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Zhejiang Hamming Industry Co., Ltd.
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Foshan Jucheng Biochemical Technology Research and Development Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09BORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B61/00Dyes of natural origin prepared from natural sources, e.g. vegetable sources
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06PDYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/34General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using natural dyestuffs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06PDYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/58Material containing hydroxyl groups
    • D06P3/60Natural or regenerated cellulose

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a cotton fabric yellow vegetable dye. The preparation method is characterized by comprising: putting orange peels into water according to a mass ratio of 1:(10-20), performing heating and ultrasonic treatment, and performing drying after filtration to obtain a dye 1; putting white jasmine petals into an organic solvent according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(30-50), performing heating and intermittent ultrasonic treatment, and performing filtration, vacuum concentration and drying sequentially to obtain a dye 2; and mixing the dye 1, the dye 2 and loess according to a mass ratio of 10:(10-20):(0.5-1) to obtain the cotton fabric yellow vegetable dye. According to the preparation method of the cotton fabric yellow vegetable dye, provided by the invention, the required plant resources are rich, the raw materials are low in price and easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple and is good in safety, and no chemical synthetic dye exists during the preparation to cause pollution to the environment, so that the preparation method can be applied to cleaning production of the printing and dyeing industry, and can be used for mass production. The prepared cotton fabric yellow vegetable dye has a certain anti-oxidation function, causes no environmental pollution, is nontoxic to human bodies, and is convenient to store and transport.

Description

A kind of preparation method of bafta weld
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of printing and dyeing, be specifically related to the preparation side of a kind of bafta weld Method.
Background technology
Accession to WTO, China's textile industry is maximum beneficiary.But in recent years, all parts of the world pair The ecological balance keeping a safety is increasingly paid attention to, and research finds, some synthetic dyestuffs are to human body skin Skin is irritant, even contains noxious substance, and meanwhile, synthetic dyestuffs can discharge greatly in process of production Amount sewage and cause environmental hazard, Producer controls in emission in addition to acid, alkali and dye content except needs, Ever-increasing content of beary metal must also be controlled by (such as hydrargyrum, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc and chromium), These all will increase the cost of dyeing.The concepts such as cleaning production, green product, ecological textile are the biggest Lifting and enter International Textile and clothing trading, textile and clothing are being worn use process by various countries In safety propose requirements at the higher level.Some industrially developed country such as the U.S., European Union and area are numerous and confused A series of relevant strict law, rule and standard are put into effect.Green Textiles be also referred to as Environment Compatible Textiles, Ecological textile, refers in the production process of textile, i.e. from the production of fiber, and textile process, During finishing process in printing and dye-ing and finished product packing etc. are a series of, use sophisticated equipment and technology, technique, Slurry, dyeing and finishing reagent etc., include the dirt of sky gas and water, soil to play to eliminate or do not produce to environment Dye, maintains ecological balance, meets the sustainable development of environmental protection, harmless textile.Working as In the trend that modern weaving and fashionable dress tend to naturalization, goes back to nature, natural dye comes into one's own again. The definition be given according to Britain's dyestuff and dyeing man association, " natural dye " refer to from plant, animal, Or mineral resources obtain, the little or no dyestuff through chemical process.
Vegetable colour is a most important class in natural dye, nonhazardous wide with its source, of low pollution, Insect protected sterilization is beneficial to the good characteristics such as preservation and takes the course of its own.In the general leaf of plant, skin, flower and root all Containing a certain amount of pigment.Vegetable colour derives from plant, without the chemistry in synthetic dyestuffs production process Pollute, highly beneficial to preserving the ecological environment, also there is the excellent of antibacterial biological activity and health care Point;Most of natural dyes and environment, eco-compatibility are good, and non-stimulated to human body, tone is unique, Naturally graceful;It addition, the residue itself that the preparation process of vegetable colour stays is the ingredient of plant, Pollution can not be produced as fertilizer after process.
Chinese patent CN101580647 discloses a kind of liquid plant dye preparation method, including following Step: first choose plant material, adds fermented bacterium after pulverizing and ethanol solution ferments, then By the solution extraction vegetable colour obtained concentrating under reduced pressure distillation, make dye concentrated solution, finally in dye Material concentrated solution adds auxiliary agent.
Chinese patent CN1613915 disclose a kind of Fructus Panacis Quinquefolii vegetable colour preparation method and Goods, this preparation method includes that raw material prepares, prepared by Fructus Panacis Quinquefolii plant liquid dyes, Fructus Panacis Quinquefolii Plant powder dye such as prepares at the step;Using without matchmaker, metallic aluminium ion mordant dyeing and metallic iron ion matchmaker Under the conditions of dye, purple, redness, the Pilus Caprae seu Ovis of three kinds of different colours of brown and squeeze can be contaminated to obtain respectively, This combinations color and lustre is soft, and dyefastness is good, additionally, Fructus Panacis Quinquefolii plant material aboundresources, it is easy to Expand and plant, environmentally safe, harmless, there is good application prospect.
Conventional bafta vegetable colour preparation method in often cross preparation process excessively complicated or Person uses virulent additive, thus preparation cost is high or to increase the process of dyeing waste water difficult Degree.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of bafta yellow and plant The preparation method of thing dyestuff, the plant resources needed for the method is abundant, cheaper starting materials is easy to get, preparation side Method is simple, and safety is good, there is not the chemical synthetic dye pollution to environment in preparation process, can To be applied to the cleaning production of printing and dyeing industry, can produce in a large number.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of preparation method of bafta weld, the method includes: according to mass ratio 1: (10-20) orange peel is put in water, carry out heating and ultrasonic, be dried after filtration and to obtain dyestuff 1;Press According to solid-to-liquid ratio 1:(30-50) Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal is put in organic solvent, carry out heating and discontinuity is ultrasonic, Carry out successively filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure and be dried and to obtain dyestuff 2;According to mass ratio 10:(10-20): (0.5-1) Dyestuff 1, dyestuff 2 and loess are mixed to prepare bafta weld.
Preferably, described orange peel, winter jasmine petal are carried out in advance, are dried and pulverize.
Preferably, under 70-100 degree Celsius, heating is carried out after being put in water by described orange peel with ultrasonic 2-4 hour.
Preferably, after described orange peel and water are heated and be ultrasonic, filter by 100-140 mesh sieve, Filtrate is vacuum dried to obtain under 30-50 degree Celsius dyestuff 1.
Preferably, described organic solvent is aquiferous ethanol or aqueous isopropanol, described organic solvent dense Degree is 90%-100%.
Preferably, before adding described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal, regulate organic molten with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide The pH value of agent is 4-6 or 8-10.
Preferably, under 50-65 degree Celsius, heat 1-3 after described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal is put into organic solvent Hour.
Preferably, after described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal is put into organic solvent, when heating, it is spaced 20-30 Minute carry out the most ultrasonic.
Preferably, after described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal is heated with organic solvent and be ultrasonic, by 100-140 The filtrate that mesh sieve filters carries out 2-4 concentrating under reduced pressure under 40-50 degree Celsius and obtains dye concentrated solution.
Preferably, described dye concentrated solution is prepared dyestuff 2 35-50 degree Celsius of vacuum drying.
The invention have the benefit that
Plant resources needed for preparing dyestuff is abundant, cheaper starting materials is easy to get, and preparation method is simple, safety Property good, preparation process does not exist the chemical synthetic dye pollution to environment, can apply to printing and dyeing The cleaning of industry produces, and can produce in a large number.
It addition, prepared bafta weld has certain anti-oxidation function, without environment dirt Contaminate, human non-toxic's evil is acted on, be easy to storage and transport.
After the bafta tinctorial yield height after the weld dyeing prepared by the present invention, printing and dyeing Bafta has the highest rub resistance ability, and the highest water-fastness color fastness.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below by the skill to the present invention Art scheme is described in detail.Obviously, described embodiment is only that a part of the present invention is implemented Example rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art Other embodiments all obtained by the premise of not making creative work, broadly fall into this Bright protected scope.
The present invention provides the preparation method of a kind of bafta weld, and the method includes: according to Mass ratio 1:(10-20) orange peel is put in water, carry out heating and ultrasonic, be dried after filtration and to obtain dye Material 1;According to solid-to-liquid ratio 1:(30-50) Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal is put in organic solvent, carry out heating and Disconnected property is ultrasonic, carries out successively filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure and be dried and to obtain dyestuff 2;According to mass ratio 10: (10-20): dyestuff 1, dyestuff 2 and loess are mixed to prepare bafta weld by (0.5-1).
Ultrasound wave is a kind of frequency sound wave higher than 20000 hertz, its good directionality, penetration capacity By force, it is easy to obtain the acoustic energy relatively concentrated, remote in water transmission distance, can be used for finding range, testing the speed, clearly Wash, weld, rubble, sterilizing etc..Medical science, military affairs, industry, agriculturally have a lot of should With.Mechanical effect, thermogenetic effect, physical and chemical effect and then promotion can be produced during ultrasonic advance in media as well Some physicochemical change.Compared with the dyeings such as traditional dip-dye, pad dyeing, ultrasonic dyeing demonstrates Extremely strong superiority, under identical experiment condition, ultrasonic dyeing can improve dye-uptake, shortens dyeing Time, and low temperature dyeing etc. can be realized, needing by the Coloration experiment of mordant, ultrasound wave can be one Determine to reduce in degree the usage amount of mordant.
The loess resource of China enriches, and loess is light yellow or yellowish-brown, and main component and content is: SiO2: 59%, Al2O3: 25%, Fe2O3: 3.39%, TiO2: 1%, K2O:2%, CaO: trace, MgO: trace, Na2O: trace.
According to the present invention, described orange peel, winter jasmine petal can be carried out in advance, be dried and pulverize. After being dried and pulverizing, increase the contact area of orange peel, Flos Jasmini Nudiflori and water, organic solvent, The effective coloring matter in orange peel, Flos Jasmini Nudiflori is conducive to be extracted out.
According to the present invention, after described orange peel is put in water, can carry out under 70-100 degree Celsius Heat and ultrasonic 2-4 hour.
According to the present invention, after described orange peel and water being heated and be ultrasonic, 100-140 mesh sieve can be used Son filters, and can filtrate be vacuum dried under 30-50 degree Celsius, and then obtains dyestuff 1.
According to the present invention, described organic solvent can be aquiferous ethanol or aqueous isopropanol, described organic The concentration of solvent can be 90%-100%.
According to the present invention, hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide regulation organic solvent is used to be because welcoming spring in petal Coloring matter is easily extracted by organic solvent under the conditions of certain acidity or alkalescence, is therefore adding institute Before stating Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal, can be 4-6 with the pH value of hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide regulation organic solvent Or 8-10,.
According to the present invention, after described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal is put into organic solvent, can be Celsius at 50-65 Degree lower heating 1-3 hour.
According to the present invention, after described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal is put into organic solvent, heating time, can between Carried out the most ultrasonic every 20-30 minute.
According to the present invention, by described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal and organic solvent heating and ultrasonic after, can be by Under 40-50 degree Celsius, 2-4 time concentrating under reduced pressure is carried out with the filtrate after the screen filtration of 100-140 mesh Obtain dye concentrated solution.While concentrating under reduced pressure repeatedly obtains dye concentrated solution, moreover it is possible to efficient recovery has Machine solvent and then recycling.
According to the present invention it is possible to dye concentrated solution is prepared dyestuff 2 35-50 degree Celsius of vacuum drying.
The present invention will be further illustrated by embodiment below, but the most therefore the present invention will be subject to Any restriction.
The apparent tinctorial yield of the bafta of Application Example of the present invention uses U.S. Ai Seli X-rite public The Colori7 type Computer color testing color matching instrument that department produces measures.
The colour fastness to rubbing of the bafta of Application Example of the present invention presses GB/T3920-1997 " weaving Product color fastness test colour fastness to rubbing " measure, evaluate the resistance to of above-mentioned dyed cotton fabric with gray scale Colorfastness to rubbing grade.
The mensuration of the color fastness to washing of the bafta of Application Example of the present invention presses GB/T3921.2-1997 " textile color stability test color fastness to washing: test 2 " measures, with gray scale evaluation sample The staining grade of variable color grade and adjacent fabric.
Embodiment 1
Orange peel, Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal are carried out, are dried and pulverize, according to mass ratio 1:10 by powder Orange peel after broken is put in water, carries out heating and ultrasonic 2 hours, with 100 under 70 degrees Celsius Mesh sieve filters, and filtrate is vacuum dried to obtain under 30 degrees Celsius dyestuff 1;By hydrochloric acid regulation concentration it is The pH value of 90% aquiferous ethanol is 5, and the Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal after pulverizing according to solid-to-liquid ratio 1:30 is put into Regulate in the alcohol solvent of pH value, at 50 c heating 1 hour, during heating Carried out the most ultrasonic at interval of 20 minutes;After stopping heating, filter by 100 mesh sieve, take the photograph 40 Under family name's degree, filtrate is carried out concentrating under reduced pressure by Rotary Evaporators and obtains dye concentrated solution, by dyestuff 2 times Concentrated solution prepares dyestuff 2 35 degrees Celsius of vacuum drying;According to mass ratio 10:10:0.5 by dyestuff 1, dyestuff 2 and loess are mixed to prepare bafta weld MR1.
Embodiment 2
Orange peel, Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal are carried out, are dried and pulverize, according to mass ratio 1:20 by powder Orange peel after broken is put in water, carries out heating and ultrasonic 4 hours, with 140 under 100 degrees Celsius Mesh sieve filters, and filtrate is vacuum dried to obtain dyestuff 1 at 50 c;Dense with sodium hydroxide regulation Degree is 9 for the pH value of 90%-100% aqueous isopropanol, meeting after pulverizing according to solid-to-liquid ratio 1:50 Spring flower petal is put in the isopropanol solvent regulating pH value, heats 3 hours under 65 degrees Celsius, Carried out the most ultrasonic at interval of 30 minutes during heating;After stopping heating, use 140 mesh sieves Son filters, and at 50 c, by Rotary Evaporators, filtrate is carried out concentrating under reduced pressure and must contaminate for 4 times Material concentrated solution, prepares dyestuff 2 by dye concentrated solution 50 degrees Celsius of vacuum drying;According to mass ratio Dyestuff 1, dyestuff 2 and loess are mixed to prepare bafta weld MR2 by 10:20:1.
Embodiment 3
Orange peel, Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal are carried out, are dried and pulverize, according to mass ratio 1:15 by powder Orange peel after broken is put in water, carries out heating and ultrasonic 3 hours, with 120 under 85 degrees Celsius Mesh sieve filters, and filtrate is vacuum dried to obtain under 40 degrees Celsius dyestuff 1;By hydrochloric acid regulation concentration it is The pH value of 90%-100% aqueous isopropanol is 6, the Flos Jasmini Nudiflori flower after pulverizing according to solid-to-liquid ratio 1:40 Lobe is put in the isopropanol solvent regulating pH value, at 60 c heating 2 hours, in heating During carried out the most ultrasonic at interval of 25 minutes;After stopping heating, filter by 120 mesh sieve, Under 45 degrees Celsius, filtrate is carried out concentrating under reduced pressure by Rotary Evaporators and obtains dye concentrated solution 3 times, Dye concentrated solution is prepared dyestuff 2 40 degrees Celsius of vacuum drying;According to mass ratio 10:15:0.8 Dyestuff 1, dyestuff 2 and loess are mixed to prepare bafta weld MR3.
Application Example 1
By bafta embryo cloth according to bath raio 1:20, boil in mass concentration is 2g/L sodium hydroxide solution Boiling 20min completes soda boiling;According to bath raio 1:20 after bafta embryo cloth after soda boiling is rinsed, at clear water In boil 20min;The bafta embryo cloth that clear water was boiled be rinsed after again according to bath raio 1:20, 20min, the bafta embryo cloth drying pretreated after then rinsing is boiled in clear water.
By pretreated bafta embryo cloth under 100 degrees Celsius, according to bath raio 1:30, at dioxygen Water concentration is 5ml/L, sodium silicate silicate is 1g/L, pH value 10g/L sodium hydroxide solution is adjusted to The liquid lime chloride of 10-11 carries out the bafta embryo cloth after bleaching 30min must bleach.
Using ferrous sulfate as mordant, carry out successively padding matchmaker's liquid (mordant 10g/L, two leachings two roll, Pick-up 75%), 80 degrees Celsius dry 10min, pad dye liquor (two leachings two are rolled, pick-up 75%), 80 degrees Celsius dry 10min, 120 degrees Celsius bakee fixation 2 hours, wash, soap, wash With dry, obtain bafta MH1 after dyeing.
After dyeing, the tinctorial yield of bafta MH1 is 2.5 after tested, the dry friction in colour fastness to rubbing Being 5 grades, wet friction is 4-5 level, and in water-fastness color fastness, variable color is 4-5 level, and staining is 4 grades.
Application Example 2-3
Application Example 2 is identical with Application Example 1 with the operational approach of 3, and unique difference is institute The dyestuff used is different, and Application Example 2 and 3 uses MR1 and MR2 as vegetable colour respectively Dyeing, the bafta after dyeing is MH2 and MH3.
The tinctorial yield of MH2 is 2.6 after tested, and the dry friction in colour fastness to rubbing is 4-5 level, wet Friction is 5 grades, and in water-fastness color fastness, variable color is 4-5 level, and staining is 5 grades;The tinctorial yield of MH3 Being 2.7, the dry friction in colour fastness to rubbing is 5 grades, and wet friction is 4-5 level, water-fastness color fastness Middle variable color is 5 grades, and staining is 4-5 level.
From embodiment 1-3, the preparation method institute of the bafta weld that the present invention provides The plant resources needed is abundant, cheaper starting materials is easy to get, and preparation method is simple, and safety is good, is preparing There is not the chemical synthetic dye pollution to environment in journey, the cleaning that can apply to printing and dyeing industry is raw Produce, can produce in a large number.

Claims (10)

1. the preparation method of a bafta weld, it is characterised in that the method bag Include: according to mass ratio 1:(10-20) orange peel is put in water, carry out heating and ultrasonic, Dyestuff 1 it is dried to obtain after filtration;
According to solid-to-liquid ratio 1:(30-50) Flos Jasmini Nudiflori petal is put in organic solvent, carry out heating and Discontinuity is ultrasonic, carries out successively filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure and be dried and to obtain dyestuff 2;
According to mass ratio 10:(10-20): dyestuff 1, dyestuff 2 and loess are mixed by (0.5-1) Prepare bafta weld.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described orange peel, meet Spring flower lobe is carried out in advance, is dried and pulverizes.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described orange peel is put into Carry out after in water heating and ultrasonic 2-4 hour under 70-100 degree Celsius.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by described orange peel and After water heats and is ultrasonic, filter by 100-140 mesh sieve, by filtrate under 30-50 degree Celsius It is vacuum dried to obtain dyestuff 1.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described organic solvent is Aquiferous ethanol or aqueous isopropanol, the concentration of described organic solvent is 90%-100%.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that adding described winter jasmine Before flower petal, the pH value regulating organic solvent with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide is 4-6 or 8-10.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori flower Lobe heats 1-3 hour after putting into organic solvent under 50-65 degree Celsius.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori flower After lobe puts into organic solvent, when heating, it is spaced 20-30 minute and carries out the most ultrasonic.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by described Flos Jasmini Nudiflori flower After lobe heats with organic solvent and be ultrasonic, filtrate 100-140 mesh sieve filtered is at 40-50 Carry out 2-4 concentrating under reduced pressure under degree Celsius and obtain dye concentrated solution.
Preparation method the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described dyestuff is concentrated Liquid prepares dyestuff 2 35-50 degree Celsius of vacuum drying.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB126742A (en) * 1917-08-01 1919-05-22 Robert Harbottle New Vegetable Dyes.
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CN105086505A (en) * 2015-09-23 2015-11-25 界首市波菲特服饰有限公司 Preparation method of natural plant dye

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB126742A (en) * 1917-08-01 1919-05-22 Robert Harbottle New Vegetable Dyes.
JPH04257377A (en) * 1991-02-13 1992-09-11 Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd Dyeing of cellulose yarn with plant dyestuff
CN1367207A (en) * 2001-12-30 2002-09-04 三毛集团公司 Preparation method of plant dyestuff and method for dyeing wool fabric
CN101020788A (en) * 2007-03-09 2007-08-22 陈义 Prepn process of natural botanic food color
CN105086505A (en) * 2015-09-23 2015-11-25 界首市波菲特服饰有限公司 Preparation method of natural plant dye

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
张弛等: "黄土媒染红色系天然染料婴幼儿面料生态染色", 《针织工业》 *
李维贤等: "花草茶染色", 《染整技术》 *

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