CN105724433B - 一种葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物 - Google Patents

一种葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物 Download PDF

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CN105724433B
CN105724433B CN201610052272.5A CN201610052272A CN105724433B CN 105724433 B CN105724433 B CN 105724433B CN 201610052272 A CN201610052272 A CN 201610052272A CN 105724433 B CN105724433 B CN 105724433B
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pyraclostrobin
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CN105724433A (zh
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周增强
王丽
侯珲
王录俊
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Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/24Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof

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  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物,由以下质量份数的原料制成,吡唑醚菌酯:咯菌腈:腐植酸钾:壳聚糖=1~25∶1~25∶5∶5。本发明之葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物,主要用于防治葡萄炭疽病、灰霉病、霉霜病,不存在交互抗性的问题,可延缓病原物抗药性的发生与发展,持效期长,杀菌效果显著;并可降低农药用量,降低用药成本,减少了农药对生态环境的损害和污染,同时一次使用达到了多重效果,也降低劳动强度。

Description

一种葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药剂组合物,具体涉及一种葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物。
背景技术
水果套袋是近年来生产上推广的新技术,葡萄是一种容易受多种病虫害侵害的商品价值高、品质优的水果,通过套袋可直接保护果穗免受多种病、虫、鸟、鼠的侵害,避免空气粉尘、有害物质和化学农药的污染,提高葡萄的产量和品质;而且还可减少葡萄园的施药次数和施药量,从而降低农药残留,减轻对果实和环境的污染,减少果农接触农药的机会。
目前,葡萄套袋前处理因用药施药次数,药剂用量大,持效性差,防治效果不满意,操作繁琐复杂等问题,许多葡萄园仍出现大面积病害,尤其是葡萄炭疽病、灰霉病、霉霜病发生、蔓延、造成严重损失,而且逐年加重,成为生产上的一大障碍。例如,现有技术CN201410523017.5公开了一种葡萄无公害栽培技术,该发明套袋前应对果穗进行药剂处理,每10天1次,共2次,第1次用70%甲基托布津1000倍液,第2次用80%喷克8000倍液+40%嘧霉胺1200倍液、喷洒果穗,易产生抗药性,效果一年不如一年,而且喷药后,果皮粘着药剂粉斑,不仅影响商品外观,而且药剂残留多,操作繁琐。现有技术中也采用以下7种杀菌剂:(1)25%敌力脱1000倍液(瑞士诺华公司)加40%福星6000倍液(美国杜邦公司);(2)25%敌力脱1000倍液加抑快净2000倍液(美国杜邦公司);(3)45.5%扑霉灵1000倍液(以色列马克西姆化学公司)加40%福星6000倍液;(4)抑快净2000倍液加40%福星6000倍液;(5)50%施宝功800倍液(德国艾格福公司)加25%百菌清(日本曹达株式会社);(6)45%施宝克800倍液(德国艾格福公司)加70%甲基托布津800倍液(日本曹达株式会社);(7)70%甲基托布津800倍液加75%百菌清800倍液;分别在花蕾期、幼果期、采果前20d、采果前10d各喷一次,以上杀菌剂均是针对葡萄炭疽病、白腐病防治较难的情况下,找到的防治上述两病的解决方法,而且依次喷药4次,施药次数多,药剂用量大,操作繁琐复杂,同时套袋30天后的病果率最少也达0.42%,最高可达24.01%,药剂持效性不佳。因此,如何选用好葡萄套袋前的一遍用药显得尤为关键,而关于吡唑醚菌酯和咯菌腈的混配以及应用至今尚无报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种有效防治葡萄炭疽病、灰霉病、霉霜病的葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是,一种葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物,由以下质量份数的原料制成,吡唑醚菌酯∶咯菌腈∶腐植酸钾∶壳聚糖=1~25∶1~25∶5∶5(优选吡唑醚菌酯∶咯菌腈∶腐植酸钾∶壳聚糖=1∶1∶5∶5,更优选吡唑醚菌酯∶咯菌腈∶腐植酸钾∶壳聚糖=25∶1∶5∶5)。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明药剂组合物在一定配比范围内可表现出极好的增效作用,其杀菌效果显著。
(2)本发明药剂组合物中,吡唑醚菌酯和咯菌腈主要用于防治葡萄炭疽病、灰霉病、霉霜病,不存在交互抗性的问题,可延缓病原物抗药性的发生与发展,有助于延长药剂的使用时间,持效期长,通过通过腐植酸钾、壳聚糖诱发植物的抗病性,起道增效剂的作用。
(3)本发明药剂组合物可降低农药用量,降低用药成本,减少了农药对生态环境的损害和污染,同时一次使用达到了多重效果,也降低劳动强度。
实验证明,葡萄套袋前采用本发明药剂组合物处理,套袋40天后,葡萄霜霉病病穗率为0.50%,防效为75%;灰霉病病穗率为0,防效100%;葡萄炭疽病病果率为0.32%,防效为91.06%。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)杀菌剂抑制生长速率法测定:测试咯菌腈、吡唑醚菌酯、啶酰菌胺、嘧菌环胺、己唑醇等药剂对葡萄灰霉病的毒力,实验结果见表1。
表1-不同杀菌剂对葡萄灰霉病的室内毒力实验结果
由表1可知,咯菌腈、吡唑醚菌酯对葡萄灰霉病具有较好的毒力效果。
(2)杀菌剂共毒系数法测定:共毒系数(CTC)值是评判多种药剂之间的联合毒力作用,当CTC值小于80,表现为拮抗作用;当CTC值大于120,表现为增效作用;当CTC值在80-120之间时,表现为相加作用。
设混剂为M,组成M的各单剂为A、B、C……,毒力指数为TI,各组分在混剂中占的百分比为PA、PB、PC……,则:
毒力指数(TI)=(标准杀虫剂的EC50÷供试杀虫剂的EC50)×100(1)
混剂M实际毒力指数(ATI)=(A的EC50÷M的EC50)×100(2)
混剂M理论毒力指数(TTI)=A的TI×PA+B的TI×PB+C的TI×PC(3)
混剂M共毒系数(CTC)=(M的ATI÷M的TTI)×100(4)
本实施例测定吡唑醚菌酯和咯菌腈杀菌剂共毒系数的实验结果,见表2。
表2-咯菌腈与吡唑醚菌酯对葡萄灰霉病的最佳药剂配比
由表2可知,按照共毒系数法测定的五种组合,均有增效作用,以吡唑醚菌酯∶咯菌腈=25∶1增效作用最好,其次是1∶1的组合。
实施例2
田间葡萄套袋前(6月中旬),将250克/升吡唑醚菌酯10克:10%咯菌腈1克,腐植酸钾5克:壳聚糖5克混合制成葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物,然后加水10公斤的比例,沾果穗,药液干后套袋。在7月上旬调查果穗霜霉病、灰霉病病穗率,8月下旬调查葡萄炭疽病病果率,以常规处理做对照,见表3。
表3-果穗霜霉病、灰霉病病穗率和葡萄炭疽病病果率实验结果

Claims (1)

1.一种葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物,其特征在于,由以下质量份数的原料制成,吡唑醚菌酯∶咯菌腈∶腐植酸钾∶壳聚糖=25∶1∶5∶5。
CN201610052272.5A 2016-01-21 2016-01-21 一种葡萄套袋前处理的药剂组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN105724433B (zh)

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CN111296558A (zh) * 2019-11-08 2020-06-19 华南农业大学 一种含黑水虻源壳聚糖的砂糖桔保鲜剂

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