CN105716653B - State-preserving and autonomous industrial sensing device - Google Patents

State-preserving and autonomous industrial sensing device Download PDF

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CN105716653B
CN105716653B CN201511036160.2A CN201511036160A CN105716653B CN 105716653 B CN105716653 B CN 105716653B CN 201511036160 A CN201511036160 A CN 201511036160A CN 105716653 B CN105716653 B CN 105716653B
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state
sensing device
energy
value
indication
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CN105716653A (en
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E·伯克坎
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General Electric Co PLC
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General Electric Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/14—Testing gas-turbine engines or jet-propulsion engines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/04—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving solid bodies
    • G01K13/08—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving solid bodies in rotary movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/02—Details or accessories of testing apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K2205/00—Application of thermometers in motors, e.g. of a vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/40—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wireless architecture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
    • H04Q2209/88—Providing power supply at the sub-station
    • H04Q2209/886—Providing power supply at the sub-station using energy harvesting, e.g. solar, wind or mechanical

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a state-retaining and autonomous industrial sensing device. A passive sensor is configured to detect one or more operating parameters of a gas turbine. The passive sensor is coupled to the gas turbine. The passive sensor is also configured to extract a portion of energy from one or more operating parameters for operation, store an indication of a value of the one or more operating parameters, transition from a first mechanical state to a second mechanical state as a function of the value of the one or more operating parameters, and provide a signal in response to receiving an interrogation signal. The signal includes an indication of the value of the one or more operating parameters.

Description

State-preserving and autonomous industrial sensing device
Technical Field
The subject matter disclosed herein relates to sensing devices, and more particularly, to systems and methods for providing a state preserving and autonomous sensing device.
Background
Certain rotating or stationary machines, such as generators, turbines, electric motors, etc., may typically include a plurality of sensors to measure different parameters of the machine during operation. Sensors that measure the operating conditions of such machines can be subjected to harsh conditions (e.g., high temperature, high pressure, etc.) and contribute to the optimal operation of such machines. The sensors thus require continuous power and ensure frequent maintenance and retrofitting. Moreover, while some operating parameters corresponding to daily or normal operating conditions of these machines may be continuously monitored, certain other parameters may warrant monitoring that occurs less frequently or even sporadically. Thus, it may be useful to provide a sensor equipped for long term use.
Disclosure of Invention
Certain embodiments commensurate in scope with the originally claimed invention are summarized below. These examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather, they are intended only to provide a brief summary of possible forms of the invention. Indeed, the invention may be embodied in many different forms and may be embodied in similar or different embodiments than those set forth below.
In a first embodiment, the passive sensor is configured to detect one or more operating parameters of the gas turbine. The passive sensor is coupled to the gas turbine. The passive sensor is further configured to extract a portion of energy from one or more operating parameters for operation, store an indication of a value of the one or more operating parameters, transition from a first mechanical state to a second mechanical state in accordance with the value of the one or more operating parameters, and provide a signal in response to receiving an interrogation signal (interrogation signal). The signal includes an indication of the value of the one or more operating parameters.
In a second embodiment, a system includes a turbine system and one or more condition-preserving sensors coupled to the turbine system and configured to sense vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure of the turbine system. The one or more condition maintaining sensors include a storage mechanism including a latching device configured to maintain or change a mechanical condition in response to energy derived from the sensed vibration, strain, temperature or pressure. The mechanical state of the storage mechanism includes an indication of the value of the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure. The one or more condition-preserving sensors also include communication circuitry configured to provide an indication of the value of the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure upon receipt of one or more interrogation signals.
In a third embodiment, a device includes a state-keeping sensing device configured to detect one or more physical parameters of an external system, extract a portion of energy from the one or more physical parameters for operation of the state-keeping sensing device, store a non-volatile indication of a value of the one or more physical parameters, and change from a first mechanical state to a second mechanical state based on the value of the one or more physical parameters. Upon detection of the interrogation signal, and if the switch of the state retention device is in the first state, the state retention sensing device is configured to receive a first amount of energy of the interrogation signal and reflect the first amount of energy of the interrogation signal. The state retention sensing device is configured to receive a second amount of energy of the interrogation signal and reflect the second amount of energy of the interrogation signal if the switch of the state retention device is in the second state. Reflecting the second amount of energy of the interrogation signal includes providing an indication of a value of one or more physical parameters to the external device. The state retention sensing device is further configured to reset the state retention sensing device to a first mechanical state based at least in part on the interrogation signal.
The technical scheme 1: a passive sensor configured to:
detecting one or more operating parameters of a gas turbine to which an electrically passive sensor is coupled;
extracting a portion of energy from the one or more operating parameters for operation;
storing an indication of the values of the one or more operating parameters;
transitioning from a first mechanical state to a second mechanical state according to values of the one or more operating parameters; and
providing a signal in response to receiving an interrogation signal, wherein the signal includes an indication of a value of the one or more operating parameters.
The technical scheme 2 is as follows: the passive sensor of claim 1, wherein the passive sensor comprises a passive sensor configured to detect the one or more operating parameters over a period of time.
Technical scheme 3: the passive sensor of claim 1, wherein the passive sensor is configured to wirelessly provide a signal in response to the interrogation signal.
The technical scheme 4 is as follows: the sensor of claim 1, wherein the passive sensor comprises a lockout device comprising a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) or a nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) configured to store an indication of the value of the one or more operating parameters by transitioning between a plurality of mechanical states.
The technical scheme 5 is as follows: the passive sensor according to claim 4 wherein the lockout device is configured to maintain the first mechanical state or the second mechanical state by utilizing one or more passive multistable structures.
The technical scheme 6 is as follows: the passive sensor according to claim 4 wherein the locking device comprises a mass spring system and one or more multistable structures, and wherein storing the indication of the value of the one or more operating parameters comprises locking the mass of the mass spring system into a mechanical state of the one or more multistable structures.
The technical scheme 7 is as follows: the passive sensor of claim 4 wherein the lockout device includes a cogwheel and a coupling system, and wherein the cogwheel is configured to rotate in response to energy received by the cogwheel and coupling system from the one or more operating parameters to store an indication of the value of the one or more operating parameters.
The technical scheme 8 is as follows: the passive sensor of claim 1, comprising an electromagnetic energy detection circuit configured to change the impedance as an indication of the value of the one or more detected operating parameters.
Technical scheme 9: the passive sensor of claim 1, wherein the passive sensor is configured to detect one or more of the following operating parameters: a rotating machine, a synchronous machine, an asynchronous machine, a steam turbine, a water turbine, an aircraft engine, a wind turbine, a compressor, a combustor, a transition piece, a portion of a turbine, a rotating component, a stationary component, or any combination thereof.
Technical scheme 10: the passive sensor according to claim 1, wherein the one or more operating parameters comprise temperature, pressure, flow rate, fluid level, displacement, acceleration, velocity, torque, clearance, strain, stress, vibration, voltage, current, humidity, electromagnetic radiation, mass, magnetic flux, creep, crack, hot spot, device state, metal temperature, health of an external system, or any combination thereof.
Technical scheme 11: a system, comprising:
a turbine system; and
one or more condition-retaining sensors coupled to the turbine system and configured to sense vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure of the turbine system, comprising:
a storage mechanism comprising a lockout device configured to maintain or change a mechanical state in response to energy derived from the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure, wherein the mechanical state of the storage mechanism comprises an indication of a value of the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure; and
a communication circuit configured to wirelessly provide an indication of a value of the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure upon receipt of one or more interrogation signals.
Technical scheme 12: the system of claim 11, wherein the communication circuit comprises an electrically passive communication circuit.
Technical scheme 13: the system of claim 11, wherein the lockout device is configured to reset a mechanical state in response to the interrogation signal.
Technical scheme 14: the system of claim 11, wherein the storage mechanism is configured to maintain or change to one of a plurality of mechanical states based on the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure, and wherein each of the plurality of mechanical states corresponds to a different value of the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure.
Technical scheme 15: the system of claim 11, wherein the one or more state retention sensors are configured to detect tampering.
Technical scheme 16: the system of claim 15, wherein the tampering comprises magnetic interference.
Technical scheme 17: an apparatus, comprising:
a state-hold sensing device configured to:
detecting one or more physical parameters of an external system;
extracting a portion of energy from the one or more physical parameters for operation of the state retention sensing device;
storing a non-volatile indication of the value of the one or more physical parameters;
changing from a first mechanical state to a second mechanical state in dependence on the value of the one or more physical parameters; and
upon detection of an interrogation signal:
if the switch of the state retaining means is in the first state:
receiving the interrogation signal; and
reflecting a first amount of energy of the interrogation signal;
if the switch of the state keeping device is in the second state;
receiving the interrogation signal;
reflecting a second amount of energy of the interrogation signal, wherein the second amount is different from the first amount, and wherein the second amount of energy provides an indication of the value of the one or more physical parameters to an external device; and
resetting the state retention sensing device to a first mechanical state based at least in part on the interrogation signal.
Technical scheme 18: the device of claim 17, wherein the state-keeping sensing device is configured to wirelessly provide an indication of the value of the one or more physical parameters in response to the interrogation signal or without ends.
Technical scheme 19: the device of claim 18, wherein the state retention sensing device is configured to passively and wirelessly provide an indication of the value of the one or more physical parameters.
The technical scheme 20 is as follows: the apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second amount of energy is greater than the first amount of energy.
Drawings
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an industrial system including one or more state retention sensing devices according to the present embodiments;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of one or more state retention sensing devices included in the system of FIG. 1, according to the present embodiments;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a measurement detection and communication system incorporated in one or more state retention sensing devices according to the present embodiments; and is
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process that facilitates passively detecting and storing operational and/or environmental parameters using one or more state retention sensing devices according to the present embodiments.
Detailed Description
One or more specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present invention, the articles "a," "an," "the," and "said" are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
The present embodiments relate to a condition-preserving and autonomous sensing device that may be used to passively detect and store operational and/or environmental parameters associated with, for example, industrial machinery, industrial processes, or various other applications that require long-term and/or infrequent monitoring. In certain embodiments, the sensing device may include a detection and communication system, and a power extraction source. The power extraction source may be used to extract energy from the sensed measurand and convert the extracted energy into an electrical signal to power the sensing device. The detection and communication system may include electromagnetic circuitry (e.g., an antenna and impedance matching network) and one or more micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) or nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) devices that may be used to passively detect and store non-volatile values of sensed operational and/or environmental parameters. In one embodiment, the value of the parameter obtained by the sensing device may be read by generating a Radio Frequency (RF) signal and detecting the amount of energy reflected (e.g., passively reflected) from the sensing device. Moreover, because the sensing device may be both passive and autonomous (e.g., self-operating), the sensing device may allow certain operational and/or environmental parameters to be monitored over long periods of time (e.g., over periods of days, months, years, etc.) in harsh environments without requiring external power or frequent maintenance, repair, or modification.
Indeed, while the present embodiments may be initially discussed with respect to state preserving and autonomous sensors for turbine systems and/or other industrial machinery, it should be understood that the techniques described herein may also be extended to sensors that may be used in any of a variety of applications, such as, for example, sensors for medical applications (e.g., non-invasive sensing, cardiac monitoring), safety-related sensors (e.g., monitoring, motion detection), sensors for manufacturing and distribution applications (e.g., product manufacturing and product tracking systems), oil and gas exploration-related sensing devices (e.g., sensors that may be used in downhole and subsea environments), sensors for energy extraction applications (e.g., coal mines, tunnels, etc.), sensors for aerospace applications, and so forth. As used herein, "passive" refers to a state in which a device may become capable of operating autonomously or with the aid of one or more environmental conditions such that the device is self-powered and/or self-activated. Similarly, "passive" may refer to an electronic circuit or device that does not contain an energy source, or that includes one or more components (e.g., resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.) in the circuit that consume but do not generate energy (e.g., power), as would otherwise be the case with an active device, such as a transistor. Similarly, "passive" may refer to a component or system capable of operating without an external power source. Similarly, "passive" may refer to a component or system that is capable of operating without the use of any electronics that require an external power source. As used herein, "mechanical state" may refer to a physical state in which a change to or from it involves the physical movement of one or more portions of one or more mechanisms of a device or machine from one stable state to another. Also, the term "mechanical state" may encompass a static state or a transitional state of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS), or other system that may include one or more moving parts that move or displace in response to mechanical, electrical, chemical, magnetic, or other physical perturbation (perturbation).
In view of the foregoing, it may be useful to describe embodiments of an industrial system, such as the example industrial system 10 illustrated in fig. 1. Indeed, while the present embodiments may be discussed with respect to an illustration of a gas turbine system (e.g., as illustrated in fig. 1), it should be understood that in some embodiments, the industrial system 10 may include other types of rotating machinery, such as, but not limited to: a steam turbine system, a water turbine system, one or more compressor systems (e.g., aeroderivative compressors, reciprocating compressors, centrifugal compressors, axial compressors, screw compressors, etc.), one or more electric motor systems, including, for example, fans, extruders, blowers, centrifugal pumps, aircraft engines, wind turbines, combustors, transitions, portions or components (e.g., rotating components, stationary components) of industrial machinery, or any of a variety of other industrial machinery that may be included in a plant or other industrial facility. As will be appreciated, where such machines include components that rotate relative to a stationary structure, such a rotating background is generally not suitable for a hard-wired connection between the rotating and stationary components. Further, as discussed herein, suitable machines or systems may be placed in or include harsh environments, and thus are not suitable for placing electronic devices. For example, a machine or system discussed herein may include or define a space or channel that constitutes a harsh environment (e.g., an internal, external, or in-machine environment that is subjected to one or more of temperatures greater than or equal to 300 ℃, 500 ℃, 1200 ℃, or more, pressures between approximately 1000 pounds per square inch (psi) and 18000psi, vibrations between approximately 5 mils and 20 mils, speeds between approximately 5000 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 17500rpm, etc.). Further, as noted above, the techniques discussed herein may be used in any of a variety of applications other than industrial applications.
As shown in FIG. 1, the industrial system 10 may include a gas turbine system 12, a monitoring system 14, and a fuel supply system 16. The gas turbine system 12 may include a compressor 20, a combustion system 22, a fuel nozzle 24, a turbine 26, and an exhaust section 28. During operation, the gas turbine system 12 may draw air 30 into the compressor 20, the compressor 20 may thereafter compress the air 30 and move the air 30 to the combustion system 22 (e.g., which may include multiple combustors). In the combustion system 22, the fuel nozzle 24 (or fuel nozzles 24) may inject fuel, which is mixed with the compressed air 30 to form, for example, an air-fuel mixture.
The air-fuel mixture may be combusted in the combustion system 22 to generate hot combustion gases that flow downstream into the turbine 26 to drive one or more turbine 26 stages. For example, the combustion gases move through the turbine 26 to drive one or more stages of blades of the turbine 26, which in turn drive the shaft 32 to rotate. The shaft 32 may be connected to a load 34, such as a generator, that utilizes the torque of the shaft 32 to generate electricity. After traveling through the turbine 26, the hot combustion gases may be discharged to the environment as exhaust gases 36 via the exhaust section 28. The exhaust gas 36 may include, for example, carbon dioxide (CO)2) Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NO)x) And the like.
In certain embodiments, the system 10 may also include a plurality of state retention sensing devices 40 (e.g., sensors) and an interrogation device or reader 42. An interrogation device or reader 42 may receive data from the status maintenance sensing device 40 via an antenna 43 or other transceiver device. In certain embodiments, the condition maintenance sensing device 40 may include any of a variety of arbitrary sensors that may be used to provide various operational data to the interrogation device or reader 42, including, for example, the pressure and temperature of the compressor 20, the speed and temperature of the turbine 26, and the pressureVibration of compressor 20 and turbine 26, CO in exhaust gas 362Level, carbon content in the fuel 31, temperature of the compressor 20 and turbine 26, pressure, clearance (e.g., distance between the compressor 20 and turbine 26, and/or distance between other stationary and/or rotating components that may be included within the industrial system 10), flame temperature or intensity, vibration, combustion dynamics (e.g., pressure fluctuations, flame intensity, etc.), load data from the load 34, and so forth. It should be understood that the foregoing parameters are included by way of example only. In other embodiments, the state retention sensing device 40 may be used to measure any of a variety of measurands, including but not limited to: temperature, pressure, flow rate, fluid level, displacement, acceleration, velocity, torque, clearance, strain, stress, vibration, voltage, current, humidity, electromagnetic radiation, mass, magnetic flux, creep, crack, hot spot (e.g., hot spot), device status, metal temperature, system health, and the like. Moreover, the condition-preserving sensing device 40 may be used to withstand and operate within one or more harsh environments (e.g., an internal environment, an external environment, or an internal machine environment including one or more of temperatures greater than or equal to 300 ℃, 500 ℃, 1200 ℃, or higher, pressures between approximately 1000 pounds per square inch (psi) and 18000psi, vibrations between approximately 5 mils and 20 mils, speeds between approximately 5000 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 17500rpm, etc.) in which active electronic devices may typically fail or become inoperable.
In certain embodiments, the reader 42 may be used to obtain data from the state retention sensing device 40 periodically (e.g., daily, monthly, yearly, twice-a-year, etc.) or continuously (e.g., at minute intervals, hourly), as an indication of the operating conditions and/or other environmental characteristics of one or more components of the industrial system 10 (e.g., the compressor 20, the turbine 26, the combustor 22, the load 34, etc.). The reader 42 may also be used to reset the state retention sensing device 40. Similar to the reader 42, the status-keeping sensing device 40 may also include an antenna 46 or other transceiver device for communicating with the reader 42. As will be further appreciated, the state-keeping sensing device 40 may comprise a passive (e.g., self-powered and including inactive electronics) device that may be used to passively detect and store operational and/or environmental parameters related to the industrial system 10 or other similar systems or environments.
In certain embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the state-keeping sensing device 40 may include a measurement detection and communication system 48, and a power extraction source 50. As previously described, the state-keeping sensing device 40 may include one or more passive (e.g., autonomously or quasi-autonomously operable) devices such that the state-keeping sensing device 40 may detect and store operating parameters without the use of an external power source. Further, because state retention sensing device 40 may passively monitor certain operational and/or environmental parameters, state retention sensing device 40 may be used to monitor and store these parameters over extended periods of time (e.g., days, months, years, etc.) without requiring an external power source or excessive human intervention through repair, or modification. In one or more embodiments, such monitoring may be performed without relying on conventional power harvesting or energy harvesting devices.
As further shown, the detection and communication system 48 is communicatively connected to a power extraction source 50. For example, during operation, upon detection of a measured (e.g., operational and/or environmental parameter) by the detection and communication system 48, the power extraction source 50 may extract energy from the measured operational and/or environmental parameter and may temporarily store the extracted energy, e.g., for use by the detection and communication system 48. In one embodiment, the detection and communication system 48 and the power extraction source 50 may convert measured quantities (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, fluid level, displacement, acceleration, velocity, torque, clearance, strain, stress, vibration, voltage, current, humidity, electromagnetic radiation, mass, magnetic flux, creep, crack, hot spot, device status, metal temperature, system health, etc.) into electrical signals for power. In one embodiment, the power extraction source 50 may include a passive energy harvesting device (e.g., a photovoltaic device, a piezoelectric device, a thermoelectric generator [ TEG ], or other similar energy harvesting device) that may be used to extract energy from the measured quantity and/or one or more environmental sources. As will be further appreciated, the detection and communication system 48 may include electromagnetic circuitry (e.g., an antenna and an impedance matching network) and one or more micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) or nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) devices that may be used to passively detect and store measurands (e.g., operational and/or environmental parameters) related to the industrial system 10 or other similar systems or environments. In particular, one or more components of the detection and communication system 48 may change the sensed physical state on the measurement, which may include a chemical, electrical, or mechanical physical state.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the detection and communication system 48 may include electromagnetic circuitry 51 (e.g., RF circuitry). As depicted, electromagnetic circuit 51 may include antenna 46 and an impedance matching network, which may include a source impedance 52 (e.g., Z)A) Characteristic impedance 54 (e.g., Z)0) Load impedance 56 (e.g., Z)L) And a locking device 58. In certain embodiments, the overall impedance of the electromagnetic circuit 51 may undergo a change based on whether the lockout device 58 is in the open or closed position. The change in impedance may be indicative of a sensed and/or detected measured value. In particular, in certain embodiments, the characteristic impedance 54 (e.g., Z)0) May be set to a predetermined value (e.g., approximately 50 Ω). Similarly, the source impedance 52 (e.g., Z)A) May also be set to a predetermined value (e.g., approximately 50 Ω or approximately 10-100 Ω).
Thus, when an electromagnetic signal (e.g., an RF interrogation signal) is detected at the antenna 46, and when the lockout device is in the open position, full transfer of energy of the electromagnetic signal may occur. However, the load impedance 56 (e.g., Z)L) May not generally be in contact with the source impedance 52 (e.g., Z)A) And a characteristic impedance 54 (e.g., Z)0) And (6) matching. Thus, in some embodiments, the load impedance 56 (e.g., Z) may be adjusted when the lockout device 58 is in the closed positionL) Into the electromagnetic circuit 51. This may thus create a change in impedance in electromagnetic circuit 51. Also, because of, for example, at the source impedance 52 (e.g., Z)A) And a characteristic impedance 54 (e.g., Z)0) And a load impedance 56 (e.g., Z)L) Impedance mismatch therebetween (e.g., corresponding to Z)A||Z0≠ZL *Of the antenna 46), strong reflections of the electromagnetic energy detected at the antenna 46 may occur. Such a strong reflection of an electromagnetic signal (e.g., an RF interrogation signal) from the state retention sensing device 40 back to, for example, the reader 42, may be indicative of the sensed measured value. Also, once the sensed measured value has been obtained, the electromagnetic signal (e.g., RF interrogation signal) generated by the reader 42 may be used to reset (e.g., reset or restore the physical state) the state-retaining sensing device 40 to begin monitoring again or continue monitoring.
In certain embodiments, the latch devices may comprise one or more MEMS or NEMS devices, as further described in FIG. 3. For example, in one embodiment, the locking device may include a mass spring system 60 (e.g., 60A and 60B). In particular, the mass spring system 60A may represent the mass spring system 60 at rest or during a measured time period when the sensed signal has not been stored. Alternatively, the mass spring system 60B may represent the mass spring system 60 when the sensed measurand has been detected and/or stored. As illustrated, the mass-spring system 60 can include a proof mass 62 (e.g., proof masses 62A and 62B), a spring 64 (e.g., 64A and 64B) comprising a spring constant k, and a plurality of multistable structures 66 (e.g., 66A and 66B). In one embodiment, proof mass 62 may comprise any material (e.g., hard or soft material) that may be used to exert a force on spring 64. In other embodiments, the proof mass 62 may comprise a soft or hard magnetic material for use when the mass-spring system 60 operates, for example, as a magnetic field or current sensor.
With reference to mass-spring system 60B, based on sensed measurands (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, fluid level, displacement, acceleration, velocity, torque, gap, strain, stress, vibration, voltage, current, humidity, electromagnetic radiation, mass, magnetic flux, creep, crack, hot spot, device state, metal temperature, system health, etc.), passive displacement of proof mass 62B and spring 64B may occur in response to the energy measured. This can result in the proof mass 62B latching to a multi-stable structure 66B (e.g., a bistable structure). In another embodiment, the mass-spring system 60 may include a mass (e.g., proof mass 62), a spring (e.g., spring 64), and additional damping elements, and may be molded as a lumped-element model, for example.
In certain embodiments, displacement of the proof mass 62B, and even locking of the proof mass 62B by the multi-stable structure 66B (e.g., a bi-stable structure), may correspond to storage of the sensed measured value. For example, as further illustrated, the proof mass 62B that becomes locked out by the first pair of multi-stable structures 66B may represent a store of a first value being measured, while the locking out of the proof mass 62B caused by the illustrated second pair of multi-stable structures represents a store of a second value being measured that is sensed. In other embodiments, the mass spring system 60 (e.g., 60A and 60B) may include multiple pairs or groups (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more) of multi-stable structures 66 (e.g., bistable structures 66A and 66B) to store any number of values sensed for one or more measurements. Locking the proof mass 62B to any of the set of multistable structures 66B may also correspond to the locking device 58 switching from an open position to a closed position. As previously described, the electromagnetic circuit 51 may then later form a closed circuit, and thus a change in the overall impedance of the electromagnetic circuit 51 may occur. The change in impedance may be indicative of the sensed measured value. The sensed, measured value may then be obtained by the reader 42, for example, by reflection of an electromagnetic signal (e.g., an RF interrogation signal) reflected by the state retention sensing device 40. In this manner, the condition maintenance sensing device 40 can passively detect and store measurands without the use of an external power source or excessive human intervention through repair, modification or modification.
In other embodiments, as further depicted in FIG. 3, the locking device 58 may include a cogwheel and linkage system 68. In some embodiments, the cogwheel and coupling system 68 may include a chemical coupling system, an electrical coupling system, or a mechanical coupling system. As illustrated, the cogwheel and coupling system 68 may include a diaphragm 69, a cogwheel 70 (e.g., geared or mechanical), and a lever device 72 coupled to the suspension device 69. In one embodiment, the cogwheel and coupling system 68 may generally be used to sense pressure measurements. However, it should be understood that the cogwheel and coupling system 68 may also be used to sense and store any of a variety of other various operating parameters, such as, for example, temperature, flow rate, fluid level, and the like.
During operation, the cogwheel 70 may rotate in response to sensed measured detection and storage (e.g., non-volatile storage). In particular, when a force (e.g., pressure) is applied to the diaphragm 69, the lever 72 may cause the cogwheel 70 to rotate from, for example, teeth 74A of the cogwheel 70 to, for example, teeth 74B of the cogwheel 70. This change or change in state (e.g., rotation of the cogwheel 70) of the cogwheel and coupling system 68 (e.g., diaphragm system) may correspond to sensed measured storage (e.g., non-volatile storage). In one embodiment, the cogwheel 70 may also include elongated teeth 76, which elongated teeth 76 may include electrodes that transmit a voltage signal to turn off the lockout device 58 in some embodiments. As described above, the electromagnetic circuit 51 may then form a closed circuit, and thus a change in the overall impedance of the electromagnetic circuit 51 may occur. The impedance change may be indicative of the sensed measured value. The sensed, measured value may then be obtained by the reader 42, for example, a reflection of an electromagnetic signal (e.g., an RF interrogation signal) reflected by the state retention sensing device 40. In another embodiment, the electromagnetic circuit 51, and even the locking device 58 system, may also be used to detect or indicate tampering (tampering) of the state retention sensing device 40. For example, extraneous magnetic interference (e.g., interference other than an authorized read signal provided by the reader 42) may cause the latching device 58MEMS or NEMS system to at least partially change physical state. This extraneous magnetic interference may be determined when a subsequent read of the state retention sensing device 40 is performed.
However, in another embodiment, as further illustrated in FIG. 3, the lockout device 58 may comprise a shorting bar and measured responsive element system. In certain embodiments, the shorting bar and responsive element system comprises a chemically responsive system, an electrically responsive system, or a mechanically responsive system. As illustrated, the shorting bar and responsive element system can include a shorting bar 75, a responsive element 76 (e.g., a temperature responsive element) coupled to the shorting bar 75, and a support point 77 coupled to the responsive element 76. During operation, responsive element 76, which may include one or more bimetals, may elongate or retract (e.g., change length) and/or expand or contract (e.g., change shape) in response to sensed and stored (e.g., non-volatile storage). In one embodiment, a shorting bar and responsive element system may be used to sense temperature measurements generally. However, it should be understood that the shorting bar and responsive element system may also be used to sense and store any of a variety of other operating parameters, such as, for example, pressure, strain, stress, vibration, and the like.
Turning now to fig. 4, a flow diagram is shown illustrating an embodiment of a process 80 that may be used to passively detect and store operational and/or environmental parameters using, for example, the state retention sensing device 40 described in fig. 2. The process 80 may begin with the state keeping sensing device 40 detecting (block 82) and receiving one or more operating parameters. As previously described, the condition maintenance sensing device 40 can detect and/or receive temperature, pressure, flow rate, fluid level, displacement, acceleration, velocity, torque, clearance, strain, stress, vibration, voltage, current, humidity, electromagnetic radiation, mass, magnetic flux, creep, crack, hot spot, equipment condition, metal temperature, system health, or various other operational and/or environmental parameters associated with, for example, the industrial system 10 or other similar systems.
The process 80 may then continue with the state keeping sensing device 40 extracting a portion of energy from one or more operating parameter generations (block 84). For example, the state-preserving sensing device 40 may include a power extraction source 50, the power extraction source 50 may be used to extract energy from the measured operating and/or environmental parameters, and the extracted energy may be temporarily stored for use by the state-preserving sensing device 40. The state-hold sensing device 40 may then store (block 86) an indication of the corresponding value of the operating parameter. For example, as described above with respect to fig. 2 and 3, the state-keeping sensing device 40 may include an electromagnetic circuit 51 (e.g., an antenna and an impedance matching network) and one or more MEMS or NEMS devices that may be used to passively detect and store operational and/or environmental parameters.
The process 80 may then end with the status-preserving sensing device 40 changing (block 88) the status according to the corresponding value of the operating parameter. For example, state-preserving sensing device 40 may change physical state (e.g., chemically, electrically, or mechanically) to provide an indication of one or more values of the sensed operational and/or environmental parameters via electromagnetic energy reflected in response to an electromagnetic read signal (e.g., an RF interrogation signal) communicated to state-preserving sensing device 40. In this manner, the condition maintenance sensing device 40 can passively detect and store measurands without the use of an external power source or excessive human intervention through repair, modification or modification.
A technical effect of the present invention is related to a state-preserving and autonomous sensing device that can be used to passively detect and store operational and/or environmental parameters associated with, for example, industrial machinery, industrial processes, or various other applications that require long-term and/or infrequent monitoring. In certain embodiments, the sensing device may include a detection and communication system and a power extraction source. A power extraction source may be used to extract energy from the sensed measurand and convert the extracted energy into an electrical signal to power the sensing device. The detection and communication system may include electromagnetic circuitry (e.g., an antenna and an impedance matching network) and one or more micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) or nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) devices that may be used to passively detect and store non-volatile values of sensed operational and/or environmental parameters. In one embodiment, the value of the parameter obtained by the sensing device may be read by generating a Radio Frequency (RF) signal and detecting the amount of energy reflected (e.g., passively reflected) from the sensing device. Moreover, because the sensing device may be both passive and autonomous (e.g., self-operating), the sensing device may allow certain operational and/or environmental parameters to be monitored over long periods of time (e.g., over periods of days, months, years, etc.) in harsh environments without requiring external power or frequent maintenance, repair, or modification.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and includes other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.

Claims (17)

1. A passive sensor configured to:
detecting one or more operating parameters of a gas turbine, wherein the passive sensor is coupled to the gas turbine;
extracting a portion of energy from the one or more operating parameters for operation;
storing an indication of the values of the one or more operating parameters;
transitioning from a first mechanical state to a second mechanical state according to values of the one or more operating parameters; and
providing a signal in response to receiving an interrogation signal, wherein the signal includes an indication of a value of the one or more operating parameters,
wherein the passive sensor comprises a lockout device comprising a cogwheel and a coupling system, and wherein the cogwheel is configured to rotate in response to energy received by the cogwheel and coupling system from the one or more operating parameters to store an indication of a value of the one or more operating parameters.
2. The passive sensor of claim 1, wherein the passive sensor comprises a passive sensor configured to detect the one or more operating parameters over a period of time.
3. The passive sensor according to claim 1, wherein the passive sensor is configured to wirelessly provide a signal in response to the interrogation signal.
4. The passive sensor according to claim 1, wherein the lockout device is configured to store an indication of the value of the one or more operating parameters by transitioning between a plurality of mechanical states.
5. The passive sensor according to claim 1, wherein the lockout device is configured to maintain the first mechanical state or the second mechanical state by utilizing one or more passive multistable structures.
6. The passive sensor of claim 1, comprising an electromagnetic energy detection circuit configured to change the impedance as an indication of the value of the one or more detected operating parameters.
7. The passive sensor of claim 1, wherein the one or more operating parameters include temperature, pressure, displacement, acceleration, velocity, torque, gap, strain, stress, vibration, voltage, current, humidity, electromagnetic radiation, mass, magnetic flux, creep, crack, hot spot, or any combination thereof.
8. An industrial system comprising a turbine system and one or more condition-maintaining sensors coupled to the turbine system and configured to sense vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure of the turbine system, and comprising:
a power extraction source configured to extract energy from the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure for operation of the condition-retaining sensor;
a storage mechanism comprising a lockout device configured to maintain or change a mechanical state in response to energy derived from the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure, wherein the mechanical state of the storage mechanism comprises an indication of a value of the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure; and
a communication circuit configured to wirelessly provide an indication of a value of the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure upon receipt of one or more interrogation signals,
wherein the locking device comprises a cogwheel and a coupling system, the cogwheel configured to rotate in response to energy extracted by the cogwheel and coupling system from the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure to store the indication.
9. The industrial system of claim 8, wherein the communication circuit comprises an electrically passive communication circuit.
10. The industrial system of claim 8, wherein the lockout device is configured to reset the mechanical state in response to the interrogation signal.
11. The industrial system of claim 8, wherein the storage mechanism is configured to maintain or change to one of a plurality of mechanical states based on the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure, and wherein each of the plurality of mechanical states corresponds to a different value of the sensed vibration, strain, temperature, or pressure.
12. The industrial system of claim 8, wherein the one or more state retention sensors are configured to detect tampering.
13. The industrial system of claim 12, wherein the tampering comprises magnetic interference.
14. A state-hold sensing device configured to:
detecting one or more physical parameters of an external system;
extracting a portion of energy from the one or more physical parameters for operation of the state retention sensing device;
storing a non-volatile indication of the value of the one or more physical parameters;
changing from a first mechanical state to a second mechanical state in dependence on the value of the one or more physical parameters; and
upon detection of an interrogation signal:
if the state maintains the switch of the sensing device in the first state:
receiving the interrogation signal; and
reflecting a first amount of energy of the interrogation signal;
if the state keeps the switch of the sensing device in the second state;
receiving the interrogation signal;
reflecting a second amount of energy of the interrogation signal, wherein the second amount is different from the first amount, and wherein the second amount of energy provides a non-volatile indication of the value of the one or more physical parameters to an external device; and
resetting the state retention sensing device to the first mechanical state based at least in part on the interrogation signal,
wherein the condition maintaining sensing device comprises a locking device comprising a cogwheel and a coupling system, and wherein the cogwheel is configured to rotate in response to energy extracted from the one or more physical parameters by the cogwheel and coupling system to store a non-volatile indication of a value of the one or more physical parameters.
15. The state-retention sensing device of claim 14, wherein the state-retention sensing device is configured to wirelessly provide a non-volatile indication of the value of the one or more physical parameters in response to the interrogation signal or without termination.
16. The state-retention sensing device of claim 15, wherein the state-retention sensing device is configured to passively and wirelessly provide a non-volatile indication of the value of the one or more physical parameters.
17. The state-retention sensing device of claim 14, wherein the second amount of energy is greater than the first amount of energy.
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