CN105715394A - 用于运行动力设备的方法以及相应的动力设备 - Google Patents
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行动力设备(2)的方法,该动力设备具有内燃机以及用于内燃机排气的排气净化装置(1),为了从排气净化装置(1)中提取出氧而执行氧提取操作,在所述氧提取操作期间以低于化学计量比的方式来运行内燃机并且/或者将附加的燃料引入到排气中,其特征在于,氧提取操作一直执行到借助于布置在排气净化装置(1)中的λ传感器(6)检测到的λ值达到特定的λ限值。本发明还涉及一种动力设备(2)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行动力设备的方法,该动力设备具有内燃机以及用于内燃机排气的排气净化装置,为了从排气净化装置中提取出氧而执行氧提取操作,在所述氧提取操作期间以低于化学计量比(理论配比)的方式来运行内燃机并且/或者将附加的燃料引入到排气中。本发明还涉及一种动力设备。
背景技术
动力设备例如用于驱动机动车,因此就这方面来说配设给机动车并且用于提供驱动机动车的转矩。动力设备具有内燃机,特别是用于提供转矩的内燃机。在操作动力设备或内燃机期间产生排气,所述排气朝向动力设备的外部环境的方向被导出。
出于该原因设置了排气净化装置,该排气净化装置用于在所述排气被排出到外部环境之前对内燃机的排气进行净化。排气净化装置例如被设计为催化器。排气净化装置具有氧存储器,该氧存储器原则上可以以任意形式存在。特别优选地,将氧存储器以涂层的方式安置在催化器的起催化作用的表面上。具有氧存储器的、设计为催化器的排气净化装置就这方面而言可以称为存储催化器。
通常如此设计排气净化装置,使得所述排气净化装置仅仅在内燃机的化学计量操作情况下才可以转化有害物质,如碳氢化合物、一氧化氮、氮氧化物和一氧化碳。然而在动力设备的通常的运行周期中可能发生的是,动力设备暂时处于所谓的惯性滑行工况中,于是在不引入燃料的情况下运行内燃机。相应地大量未燃尽的氧进入到排气净化装置内。
以该种方式产生的氧被排气净化装置所接纳或暂存。显然,排气净化装置的氧存储器也可以采用其他方式和方法被充氧。然而排气净化装置的氧填充水平越高,即该排气净化装置被加载的氧越多,则对于特定的有害物质例如氮氧化物、即特别是一氧化氮和二氧化氮而言转化效率就越低。特别地,只要排气净化装置的氧填充水平超过了一定的最大氧填充水平转化效率就降低到零。
出于该原因执行氧提取操作,特别是当氧填充水平达到一定的、例如对应于氧最大填充水平的氧极限填充水平时执行氧提取操作。在氧提取操作期间氧被从排气净化装置或氧存储器中提取出。例如执行所述氧提取操作,直至达到一定的预先规定的氧填充水平。预先规定的氧填充水平例如可以对应于最小氧填充水平或者对应于在最小氧填充水平与最大氧填充水平之间的中间的氧填充水平。
从现有技术中例如已知文献DE10244128B4。该文献介绍了一种用于在内燃机的排气冲程中对催化器进行加热的方法,该方法具有以下步骤:计算引入到催化器内的热量;如果所引入的热量超过预先确定的热量理论值,则借助于布置在催化器内的第一λ传感器针对预先确定的强制激励检查,在催化器的直到第一λ传感器部分中是否已经达到了一氧储存量;在还没有达到该氧储存量的情况下,针对内燃机的紧接着的暖机过程提高热量理论值,从而在内燃机的紧接着的冷起动时必须产生较大的热量以激活催化器,由此考虑了催化器的激活效应并且催化器被不必要地长时间加热。
发明内容
现在本发明的任务是提出一种用于运行动力设备的方法,该方法相对于其他方法具有的优点是,特别地可以更可靠且更高效地实施氧提取操作。
根据本发明,该任务通过具有权利要求1所述特征的方法来实现。在此规定,氧提取操作一直执行到借助于布置在排气净化装置中的λ传感器检测到的λ值达到特定的λ限值。优选地,根据上述实施方式当氧填充水平达到或超过氧极限填充水平时开始进行氧提取操作。
在氧提取操作期间例如如此调节内燃机,使得内燃机产生低于化学计量比的排气,即排气所具有的未燃尽的碳氢化合份额在化学计量学方面大于剩余氧的份额、即大于未燃尽的氧的份额。优选地,出于该目的以低于化学计量比的方式运行内燃机,即向内燃机输送的氧比为了燃尽同时被输送的燃料所需的氧少。显然,也可以采用其他方式和方法来实施氧提取操作,例如通过将未燃尽的燃料引入到在排气净化装置上游的内燃机的排气内这种方式。
现在至少如此长时间地执行氧提取操作,直至借助于λ传感器检测到的λ值达到λ限值。因此最早在满足该条件时终止氧提取操作。然而显然可以更长时间地执行氧提取操作,即在λ值达到λ限值之后还继续进行氧提取操作。
在此特别指出的是,λ传感器布置在排气净化装置本身中。因此规定,不使用布置在排气净化装置上游或下游的λ传感器。更确切地说,λ传感器应该存在于排气净化装置的排气入口的下游并且存在于排气净化装置的排气出口的上游,其中排气通过排气入口进入到排气净化装置内并且通过排气出口从所述排气净化装置中排出。因此,λ传感器流体技术地布置在排气入口和排气出口之间。
在此例如如此选择λ限值,使得所述λ限值对应于在内燃机以静态理论配比运行的情况下存在的排气的化学计量组成。借助于λ传感器检测到的λ值对应于一空燃比,该空燃比描述在内燃机中进行燃烧期间空气相对于燃料的比例。在该情况下优选氧提取操作至少执行到λ值达到或超过λ限值。替代地,λ值显然可以直接对应于由λ传感器测量到的测量值、例如电压。在该情况下例如所述氧提取操作至少执行到所述λ值达到或超过λ限值。
所介绍的处理方式具有的优点是,可以极其精确地确定从排气净化装置中提取出的氧量或氧已从中被提取出的、排气净化装置的区域。由此避免了在氧提取操作期间未燃尽的燃料或未燃尽的碳氢化合物穿过排气净化装置,并且特别地避免其可能逸出到动力设备的外部环境中。
本发明的另一设计方案规定:λ传感器在排气净化装置内处在排气净化装置的总通流长度的至少30%、至少40%、至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少80%或者至少90%的位置处。排气净化装置的总通流长度在此表示排气在其流经排气净化装置时所经过的路径的长度。特别地,总通流长度即为排气在排气净化装置的排气入口与排气出口之间的流过路径的长度。该长度例如可以相当于排气入口与排气出口之间的距离。
总通流长度连同λ传感器的位置都从排气净化装置的排气入口起算。特别优选地,λ传感器同排气入口的距离大于λ传感器同排气出口的距离,从而使得关于总通流长度的位置特别优选地大于50%。例如所述位置在60%与90%之间,在60%与80%之间,在60%与70%之间,在64%与68%之间,特别优选地为2/3。
在本发明的另一设计方案中规定,在氧提取操作期间检测被引入到内燃机中的总燃料量,并且当所述总燃料量超过总燃料量限值时终止氧提取操作。因此直接在氧提取操作开始时就特别优选地重置总燃料量,例如重置为零。接下来检测被引入到内燃机内的燃料量并且对其进行积分或求和。总燃料量就该方面而言是自氧提取操作开始直至当前时刻已被引入到内燃机内的燃料量。
现在当总燃料量超过总燃料量限值时终止氧提取操作。作为开篇所提到的条件的附加或替代,该条件在此可以理解为:执行氧提取操作,直至借助于布置在排气净化装置中的λ传感器检测到的λ值达到λ限值。特别优选地考虑两个条件,从而当λ值达到或已经达到一定的λ限值且总燃料量大于总燃料量限值时才终止氧提取操作。
本发明的另一优选的设计方案规定,当借助于λ传感器检测到的λ值达到一定的λ限值时,将总燃料量值设置到等于迄今检测到的总燃料量。因此,在λ值达到λ限值时将总燃料量值设置并且随后保持在迄今检测到的总燃料量上。当总燃料量在进一步执行氧提取操作期间对应于自氧提取操作开始以来被引入到内燃机内的燃料量时,总燃料量值恒定,特别地所述总燃料量值不跟随总燃料量。
本发明的一种改进方案规定:由总燃料量值以及λ传感器的位置来确定总燃料量限值。如前所述,总燃料量值对应于直至λ值达到一定的λ限值时已被引入到内燃机中的总燃料量。因为还已知λ传感器在排气净化装置内的位置,所以由总燃料量值和所述位置可以确定使排气净化装置或氧存储器的一定份额的氧释放所必须的燃料量。所述量对应于根据上述设计方案可以被用来确定氧提取操作的持续时间的总燃料量限值,特别是方法是:一旦总燃料量超过总燃料量限值就终止氧提取操作。
在本发明的另一优选的设计方案中规定:借助于公式
来求得总燃料量限值mKr,grenz,其中x是λ传感器关于总通流长度的位置,mKr是总燃料量值并且SF是安全系数。在此,原则上可以例如在0和1之间任意选择所述安全系数。
本发明的一种优选的设计方案规定:所述安全系数根据排气净化装置的运行参数来选择。显然,可以恒定地确定安全系数,优选可变化地根据运行参数或状态参数来确定所述安全系数。采用该种方式和方法可以根据存在的给定条件调整总燃料限值并且相应地调整排气净化装置或氧存储器的在氧提取操作期间提取氧的份额。
本发明的一种改进方案规定:作为运行参数使用排气净化装置的排气温度和/或排气质量流量和/或老化值。排气温度例如是在排气净化装置中或直接在排气净化装置上游的排气的温度。排气质量流量表示单位时间内流过排气净化装置的排气量。关于老化值可以考虑老化对排气净化装置的影响。老化值例如由于排气净化装置的周期性地执行的诊断而产生。替代地,老化值也可以对应于排气净化装置自其运行以来的运行持续时间。安全系数可以仅考虑所提到的运行参数之一。然而优选地,安全系数可考虑多个运行参数、特别是考虑所有被提到的运行参数。
最后,在本发明的另一设计方案中规定:所述老化值越大和/或所述排气质量流量越大和/或所述排气温度越高,则所选择的安全系数就越大。在此优选地,排气净化装置越旧或排气净化装置的转化效率越差,则老化值就越大。就新的排气净化装置或高的转化效率而言,仅仅释放排气净化装置或氧存储器中的氧的一部分就足够。相应地,可以相对小地选择安全系数,特别地安全系数等于零。排气净化装置越旧或其转化效率越差,然而优选地安全系数就越大。附加地,排气质量流量越高,必须选择越大的安全系数,以可靠地避免未燃尽的碳氢化合物穿过排气净化装置。相应的情况还适用于排气温度。
本发明还涉及一种动力设备,特别是用于实施上述方法的动力设备,所述动力设备具有内燃机以及用于内燃机排气的排气净化装置,为了从排气净化装置中提取出氧而执行氧提取操作,在所述氧提取操作期间以低于化学计量比的方式来运行内燃机并且/或者将附加的燃料引入到排气中。在此规定:动力设备被构造用于:使氧提取操作一直执行到借助于布置在排气净化装置中的λ传感器检测到的λ值达到特定的λ限值。
已经探讨了动力设备的这类处理方式或这类设计方案的优点。无论是动力设备还是所述方法都可以根据上述设计方案进行改进,从而在一定程度上引用这些设计方案。
附图说明
以下在不对本发明构成限制的情况下借助于在附图中示出的实施例详细解释本发明。
图1示出了具有λ传感器的排气净化装置的示意图以及一张图表,在该图表中在排气净化装置的总通流长度绘出了在氧提取操作期间被引入到内燃机内的总燃料量。
具体实施方式
图1示出了排气净化装置1的示意图,所述排气净化装置除了在此未示出的内燃机之外是动力设备2的组成部分。动力设备2优选地配设给机动车并且用于提供驱动机动车的转矩。在动力设备2的运行期间在内燃机内燃料与空气一起燃烧。在此产生的排气通过排气净化装置1导出,特别是朝向动力设备2的外部环境的方向导出。排气在此沿着箭头3的方向流过排气净化装置1。排气通过排气入口4进入到排气净化装置1内并且通过排气出口5从该排气净化装置中排出。
在排气净化装置1内布置有λ传感器6,借助于该λ传感器可以测量排气中的剩余氧含量或相应的λ值。λ传感器6在此布置在与排气入口4相距总通流长度的例如2/3的位置处,所述总通流长度存在于排气入口4和排气出口5之间。排气净化装置1具有氧存储器,该氧存储器在此处示出的实施例中在总通流长度上延伸、即从排气入口4直至排气出口5。氧存储器用于暂存包含在排气中的氧。
然而如果排气净化装置1的氧填充量过大,那么就会损害其转化效率。相应地可以执行氧提取操作,在所述氧提取操作期间从排气净化装置1或氧存储器中提取氧。出于该目的,以低于化学计量比的方式来运行所述内燃机,使得相应的排气流过排气净化装置1。
在氧提取操作期间检测被引入到内燃机中的总燃料量。该总燃料量由在图表中示出的、在关于排气净化装置1的总通流长度的位置x上的曲线7来描述。现在规定:所述氧提取操作至少一直执行到借助于布置在排气净化装置1内的λ传感器6检测到的λ值达到一定的λ限值。这在此处示出的实施例中是总燃料量mKr,ges等于总燃料量值mKr的时刻的情况。特别地规定:当λ值达到一定的λ限值时,将总燃料量值mKr设置为等于迄今检测到的总燃料量mKr,ges。
现在由总燃料量值mKr来确定总燃料量限值mKr,grenz。这例如借助于公式
来进行,其中x是λ传感器6关于总通流长度的位置,mKr是总燃料量值并且SF是安全系数。现在规定:当总燃料量mKr,ges超过总燃料量限值mKr,grenz时终止氧提取操作。
在此处示出的实施例中安全系数选择为“1”。安全系数显然可以设置为恒定值。然而优选地,根据至少一个运行参数可变化地选择所述安全系数。作为运行参数可以考虑排气净化装置1的排气温度、排气质量流量和/或老化值。优选地,在安全系数中考虑多个所提到的运行参数,例如所有被提到的运行参数。
利用在此处所解释的处理方式可以极其有效且目标精确地从排气净化装置1中提取氧。特别地,根据需要地实施提取,其中可以确定:一直执行到λ值达到λ限值的时刻的氧提取操作是否足够。如果这种情况不成立,那么就可以借助于安全系数释放排气净化装置1或氧存储器的另外的区域。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于运行动力设备(2)的方法,该动力设备具有内燃机以及用于内燃机排气的排气净化装置(1),为了从排气净化装置(1)中提取出氧而执行氧提取操作,在所述氧提取操作期间以低于化学计量比的方式来运行内燃机并且/或者将附加的燃料引入到排气中,其特征在于,直到借助于布置在排气净化装置(1)中的λ传感器(6)检测到的λ值达到特定的λ限值之前一直执行氧提取操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述λ传感器(6)在排气净化装置(1)中处在排气净化装置(1)的总通流长度的至少30%、至少40%、至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少80%、或者至少90%的位置处。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在氧提取操作期间对引入内燃机中的总燃料量进行检测,当总燃料量(mKr,ges)超过总燃料量限值(mKr,grenz)时终止氧提取操作。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,当借助于λ传感器(6)检测到的λ值达到所述特定的λ限值时,将总燃料量值(mKr)设置到等于迄今所检测到的总燃料量(mKr,ges)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述总燃料量限值(mKr,grenz)由总燃料量值(mKr)以及λ传感器(6)的位置来确定。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述总燃料量限值(mKr,grenz)借助于公式
来确定,其中x是所述λ传感器(6)关于总通流长度的位置,mKr是总燃料量值,SF是安全系数。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述安全系数(SF)根据排气净化装置(1)的运行参数来选择。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,作为所述运行参数使用排气净化装置(1)的排气温度和/或排气质量流量和/或老化值。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述老化值越大和/或所述排气质量流量越大和/或所述排气温度越高,则所选择的安全系数(SF)就越大。
10.一种动力设备(2),特别是用于实施根据前述权利要求中任一项或多项所述方法的动力设备(2),其中所述动力设备(2)具有内燃机以及用于内燃机排气的排气净化装置(1),为了从排气净化装置(1)中提取出氧而执行氧提取操作,在所述氧提取操作期间以低于化学计量比的方式来运行内燃机并且/或者将附加的燃料引入到排气中,其特征在于,动力设备(2)被构造用于:直到借助于布置在排气净化装置(1)中的λ传感器(6)检测到的λ值达到特定的λ限值之前一直执行氧提取操作。
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DE102014019195A1 (de) | 2016-06-23 |
DE102014019195B4 (de) | 2023-01-19 |
CN105715394B (zh) | 2019-04-05 |
US9909474B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
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