CN105710287A - Investment casting shell coating and method for manufacturing shell surface with same - Google Patents
Investment casting shell coating and method for manufacturing shell surface with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN105710287A CN105710287A CN201610309581.6A CN201610309581A CN105710287A CN 105710287 A CN105710287 A CN 105710287A CN 201610309581 A CN201610309581 A CN 201610309581A CN 105710287 A CN105710287 A CN 105710287A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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Abstract
The invention relates to an investment casting shell coating and a method for manufacturing a shell surface with the same. The investment casting shell coating is composed of a refractory material, a binder, a wetting agent and a defoamer, wherein the mass ratio of the refractory material to the binder is (3-5):1, the mass of the wetting agent accounts for 0.01%-0.1% of that of the binder, the mass of the defoamer accounts for 0.01%-0.1% of that of the binder, the refractory material is spherical fused quartz powder, and the binder is silica sol. The method comprises the following steps: preparing the raw materials, preparing the coating, determining adhesiveness, coating the surface, spraying sand onto the surface, and drying a shell. The shell manufactured with the coating is less prone to cracking and deformation during dewaxing and roasting and has good high-temperature creep deformation resistance, thereby ensuring the stable size of a casting; the manufactured shell is good in collapsibility and easy to take off, and thus the labor intensity and cost can be reduced; the coating is good in adhesion and suspension, and is easy to produce and operate; and the manufacturing cost of the investment casting shell is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of precision-investment casting, particularly relate to a kind of with spherical fused silica
Powder is the investment casting casing investment precoat of refractory material, and utilizes this coating to prepare investment casting shell
The method of surface layer.
Background technology
Investment casting shell manufacturing process is first to be coated with wax-pattern to coat, and is then being coated with on the wax-pattern hung up properly
Spread corresponding stucco material.The shell of general model casting is mainly made up of surface layer, transition zone, back-up coat,
Owing to the surface layer of shell directly decides surface and the internal soundness of foundry goods, thus to preparation shell surface layer
Coating requires the highest, and determines that the key component of coating property is refractory material, therefore precision-investment casting
The quality made and cost are in close relations with the reasonable selection of shell refractory material.On the one hand, model casting type
The main performance of shell such as elevated temperature strength, thermo-chemical stability, thermal expansivity, breathability, shelling etc. are equal
Affected by refractory material characteristic；On the other hand, during investment casting casing, consume refractory material in a large number,
The source of refractory material and price directly decide the cost of production.Select superior in quality, stable performance,
Aboundresources, the refractory material of reasonable price have extremely important meaning to model casting production.
The surface layer refractory material of investment casting casing is mainly zirconium English powder and zircon sand at present, and this is due to zirconium
English powder/sand fusing point is high, thermal conductivity is low, linear expansion coefficient is little, chemical stability is fabulous.But zirconium English powder
Originate single, rely primarily on import, consume foreign exchange in a large number, and price is costly；Due to zirconium English powder/
Sand belongs to natural ore, and its composition also cannot strictly control；Additionally, zirconium English powder made shell collapsibility is poor, lead
In causing to produce, follow-up cleaning is relatively difficult.Therefore to reduction cost, the selectivity of abundant surface material,
Ensure the stability of material property, be badly in need of a kind of new investment casting shell surface material.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is primarily targeted at solution problems of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of shell processed
Energy is excellent, operate investment casting casing investment precoat simple, with low cost, by refractory material, bonding
Agent, wetting agent, defoamer composition, described refractory material is (3-5) with the mass ratio of described binding agent: 1,
The quality of described wetting agent be the 0.01-0.1% of binding agent quality, described defoamer quality be binding agent matter
The 0.01-0.1% of amount；Wherein refractory material is spherical fused silica powder, and binding agent is Ludox.
Further, granularity >=200 mesh of described spherical fused silica powder.
Further, described spherical fused silica powder preferred granularity >=325 mesh.
Further, in described spherical fused silica powder, dioxide-containing silica is 96-99%.
Further, the concentration of described Ludox is 30%.
Present invention also offers the method preparing shell surface layer with described investment casting casing investment precoat, bag
Include following steps: (1) prepares raw material: according to the proportioning of investment casting casing investment precoat of the present invention
Prepare each component raw material；(2) configuration coating: Ludox is poured in paint can, be stirred continuously
In the case of add wetting agent, then spherical fused silica powder is added in paint can and stir；(3) measure
Viscosity: add defoamer in the case of being stirred continuously, tests dope viscosity, adjustment viscosity to 50-70s
After, continuously stirred 4-24h, coating has been prepared stand-by；(4) surface layer is coated with: with 45 degree of angles by wax
Mould immerses in the coating prepared and rotates, and is coated with uniformly to wax pattern surface coating, takes out wax-pattern, and it is unnecessary to treat
Coating drips off, and blows, by compressed air, the bubble that bale broken is attached in wax-pattern hole and wedge angle；(5) surface layer stucco:
By sand sprinkling machine, surface layer stucco material is spread uniformly on the wax-pattern scribbling coating, complete surface layer stucco system
Standby, described surface layer stucco material is spherical fused silica sand；(6) shell is dried: temperature 22 ± 3 DEG C,
Natural drying under the conditions of humidity 65 ± 5%, i.e. obtains the shell surface layer of model casting.
Further, after described step (2) configuration coating, also include stopping stirring, static 4-8h
Step.
Further, the granularity of described ball-type tekite sand is 80-120 mesh.
Further, the dioxide-containing silica of described ball-type tekite sand is 88-99%.
The refractory material spherical fused silica powder of described investment casting casing investment precoat and surface layer stucco material
Spherical fused silica sand, is to be prepared, specifically by the stone of certain particle size by flame nodularization fusion method
English melts through thermal-flame, after forming droplet, cools down rapidly, obtains spheroidal particle.Again through tight
The screening batch mixing of lattice, obtains the granularity of reasonable layout, granularity >=200 mesh, preferred size >=325 purpose
Spherical fused silica powder is for the refractory material of model casting investment precoat, particle mean size 80-120 purpose
Spherical fused silica sand is for the surface layer stucco material of model casting.The X-ray diffraction of spherical fused silica divides
Analysis display is the most amorphous, and its main component is silicon dioxide, possibly together with a small amount of sodium oxide, oxidation
Potassium, aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide etc., the refractory material spherical fused silica powder dioxy of investment precoat
SiClx content is 96-99%, and the dioxide-containing silica of stucco pellet type tekite sand is 88-99%.
Present invention achieves following beneficial effect:
1, the shell that investment casting casing investment precoat of the present invention makes is in dewaxing and roasting process
Cracking and deformation tendency are little, and high-temperature creep resistance is good, it is ensured that casting dimension is stable.
2, compared with coating prepared by zirconium English flour sand, investment casting casing investment precoat system of the present invention
The shell collapsibility made is good, easily shells, can reduce labor intensity and cost.
3, investment casting casing investment precoat of the present invention is good to being coated with property of wax-pattern.
4, the suspension of investment casting casing investment precoat of the present invention is good, and production operation is simple, can
To reduce cost, evading emergency situations in production process affects coating usability.
5, in the case of identical powder liquor ratio, the volume of investment casting casing investment precoat of the present invention is
Zirconium English powder prepares 1.5 times of investment precoat volume, and under the conditions of being coated with layer same thickness, consumption of raw materials is few,
Greatly reduce investment casting casing cost.
6, the floating sand phenomenon of bridge formation will not be produced using spherical fused silica sand as surface layer stucco material, spread
Investment precoat surface can obtain the shell surface layer of densification.
7, in the method for preparation shell surface layer, increase after configuration coating step and stop stirring, static 4-8h
Step, can shorten the mixing time of subsequent step, reduce production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of spherical fused silica powder in investment casting casing investment precoat described in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the microscope figure of surface layer stucco material spherical fused silica sand described in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment of act set forth below, also includes respectively being embodied as
Combination in any between example.
Embodiment 1:
The investment casting casing investment precoat of the present embodiment, by refractory material, binding agent, wetting agent, disappears
Infusion forms, and refractory material is 3:1 with the mass ratio of binding agent, and the quality of wetting agent is binding agent quality
0.01%, defoamer quality be the 0.01% of binding agent quality；Wherein refractory material is spherical tekite
Ying Fen, granularity is 325 mesh, and dioxide-containing silica is 96%, described binding agent be concentration be the silicon of 30%
Colloidal sol.
The method preparing shell surface layer with the investment casting casing investment precoat described in the present embodiment, including such as
Lower step: (1) prepares each component raw material according to the proportioning of the investment casting casing investment precoat of the present embodiment；
(2) Ludox is poured in paint can, in the case of being stirred continuously, add wetting agent, then by spherical
Fused quartz powder addition paint can stirs；(3) in the case of being stirred continuously, defoamer is added,
Test dope viscosity, after adjustment viscosity to 60s, continuously stirred 24h, coating has been prepared stand-by；(4)
With 45 degree of angles, wax-pattern is immersed rotation in the coating prepared, be coated with uniformly to wax pattern surface coating, take
Go out wax-pattern, treat that unnecessary coating drips off, blow, by compressed air, the bubble that bale broken is attached in wax-pattern hole and wedge angle；
(5) by sand sprinkling machine, surface layer stucco material is spread uniformly on the wax-pattern scribbling coating, complete surface layer and spread
Sand, described surface layer stucco material is spherical fused silica sand, granularity 80-120 mesh, dioxide-containing silica 88%；
(6) natural drying under the conditions of temperature 22 ± 3 DEG C, humidity 65 ± 5%, i.e. obtains the type of model casting
Shell surface layer.
Owing to silica flour/sand is through the process of flame melting and spheroidizing, its main component fused silica has
Having the extremely low coefficient of expansion, during being therefore applied to investment casting casing, shell is in dewaxing and roasting
Ftractureing in journey and to deform tendency little, and the high-temperature creep resistance of shell is good, it is ensured that casting dimension is steady
Fixed.Silica flour/sand is after flame melting and spheroidizing, and its granular center is the pure dioxy with high refractoriness
SiClx, grain edges is low melting point oxide, when shell is fired, can form fine and close smooth shell surface,
And sodium oxide and potassium oxide content are less than 0.4%, prevent foundry goods scab.Visible spherical fused silica powder
Application provides a kind of excellent refractory material for the preparation of model casting investment precoat.
Owing to spherical fused silica is under cast temperature, the spherical fused silica of more than 60% can the side of being changed into
Quartz, when shell is cooled to about 300 DEG C, cristobalite is changed into low form by high temperature modification again, makes body
Long-pending cataclysm, produces numerous cracks, causes investment shell intensity to reduce, and shell is defeated and dispersed, thus easily shells.So
With zirconium English powder/sand facies ratio, the investment casting casing investment precoat of the present embodiment, shell collapsibility is good, easily
Shelling, can reduce labor intensity and cost.
Owing to spherical fused silica is through strict screening batch mixing, there is rational particle size distribution, and such as figure
Shown in 1, its shape of spherical fused silica powder is spherical, can make the coating of high powder liquor ratio, simultaneously
The density of spherical fused silica powder is little, and can form even compact on wax-pattern is coated with layer, embodies this
The investment casting casing investment precoat of embodiment has preferably being coated with property.
The density of spherical fused silica powder is little, only the 1/2 of zirconium English powder, casts at fusible pattern as refractory material
Make the sedimentation velocity in investment precoat slow.By the suspension of experimental evaluation coating, specific experiment method is,
Respectively the investment precoat that 100ml spherical fused silica powder and zirconium English powder are prepared as refractory material is placed in
In graduated cylinder, sealed vol nozzle, after placing 24 hours, again read off coating scale in graduated cylinder, heavy
The suspension of the proportional representation coating of the scale after fall and former scale, result display spherical fused silica powder is made
Investment precoat suspension for refractory material is more than 99%, and zirconium English powder is as the investment precoat of refractory material
Suspension is about 88%.In model casting produces, the suspension of coating is the best, operates the simplest, can
Evade emergency situations in production process and affect the usability of coating.
Investment precoat volume prepared by the spherical fused silica powder of identical powder liquor ratio is that zirconium English powder prepares surface layer
1.5 times of coatings volume, on the premise of being coated with layer same thickness, surface layer prepared by spherical fused silica
Many 0.5 times of the shell that the investment precoat that the shell that coating makes is prepared than zirconium English powder makes, drops the most significantly
Low investment casting casing cost.
Additionally, as in figure 2 it is shown, under the microscope, the spherical fused silica sand as surface layer sand is spherical,
The floating sand phenomenon of bridge formation will not be produced during investment casting casing stucco, spread in investment precoat surface ratio
More closely knit, the shell surface layer of densification can be obtained.
Embodiment 2:
The investment casting casing investment precoat of the present embodiment, by refractory material, binding agent, wetting agent, disappears
Infusion forms, and refractory material is 5:1 with the mass ratio of binding agent, and the quality of wetting agent is binding agent quality
0.1%, defoamer quality be the 0.1% of binding agent quality；Wherein refractory material is spherical fused silica
Powder, granularity is 200 mesh, and dioxide-containing silica is 99%, described binding agent be concentration be 30% silicon molten
Glue.
The method preparing shell surface layer with the investment casting casing investment precoat described in the present embodiment, including such as
Lower step: (1) prepares each component raw material according to the proportioning of the investment casting casing investment precoat of the present embodiment；
(2) Ludox is poured in paint can, in the case of being stirred continuously, add wetting agent, then by spherical
Fused quartz powder addition paint can stirs；(3) stirring coating, static 8h are stopped；(4) exist
Add defoamer in the case of being stirred continuously, test dope viscosity, after adjustment viscosity to 60s, persistently stir
Mixing 4h, coating has been prepared stand-by；(5) with 45 degree of angles wax-pattern immersed in the coating for preparing and rotates,
It is coated with uniformly to wax pattern surface coating, takes out wax-pattern, treat that unnecessary coating drips off, blow bale broken by compressed air
It is attached to the bubble in wax-pattern hole and wedge angle；(6) by sand sprinkling machine, surface layer stucco material is spread uniformly in painting
Having on the wax-pattern of coating, complete surface layer stucco, described surface layer stucco material is spherical fused silica sand, granularity
80-120 mesh, dioxide-containing silica 88%；(7) under the conditions of temperature 22 ± 3 DEG C, humidity 65 ± 5% certainly
So it is dried, i.e. obtains the shell surface layer of model casting.
Different from the method that shell surface layer prepared by the investment casting casing investment precoat described in embodiment 1
It is: after implementing step (2) described in 1 to further comprises and stop stirring coating, the step of static 4h,
Especially for newly configured coating, the step for can efficiently reduce the mixing time of subsequent step.
Embodiment 3:
The investment casting casing investment precoat of the present embodiment, by refractory material, binding agent, wetting agent, disappears
Infusion forms, and refractory material is 3.5:1 with the mass ratio of binding agent, and the quality of wetting agent is binding agent matter
The 0.03% of amount, defoamer quality is the 0.03% of binding agent quality；Wherein refractory material is spherical melted
Silica flour, granularity is 325 mesh, and dioxide-containing silica is 96%, described binding agent be concentration be 30%
Ludox.
The method preparing shell surface layer with the investment casting casing investment precoat described in the present embodiment, including such as
Lower step: (1) prepares each component raw material according to the proportioning of the investment casting casing investment precoat of the present embodiment；
(2) Ludox is poured in paint can, in the case of being stirred continuously, add wetting agent, then by spherical
Fused quartz powder addition paint can stirs；(3) stirring coating, static 4h are stopped；(4) exist
Add defoamer in the case of being stirred continuously, test dope viscosity, after adjustment viscosity to 50s, persistently stir
Mixing 10h, coating has been prepared stand-by；(5) with 45 degree of angles wax-pattern immersed in the coating for preparing and revolve
Turn, be coated with uniformly to wax pattern surface coating, take out wax-pattern, treat that unnecessary coating drips off, blow by compressed air
Bale broken is attached to the bubble in wax-pattern hole and wedge angle；(6) by sand sprinkling machine, surface layer stucco material is spread uniformly
On the wax-pattern scribbling coating, completing surface layer stucco, described surface layer stucco material is spherical fused silica sand
80-120 mesh, dioxide-containing silica 90%；(7) under the conditions of temperature 22 ± 3 DEG C, humidity 65 ± 5% certainly
So it is dried, i.e. obtains the shell surface layer of model casting.
Embodiment 4:
The investment casting casing investment precoat of the present embodiment, by refractory material, binding agent, wetting agent, disappears
Infusion forms, and refractory material is 4:1 with the mass ratio of binding agent, and the quality of wetting agent is binding agent quality
0.03%, defoamer quality be the 0.03% of binding agent quality；Wherein refractory material is spherical tekite
Ying Fen, granularity is 200 mesh, and dioxide-containing silica is 98%, described binding agent be concentration be the silicon of 30%
Colloidal sol.
The method preparing shell surface layer with the investment casting casing investment precoat described in the present embodiment, including such as
Lower step: (1) prepares each component raw material according to the proportioning of the investment casting casing investment precoat of the present embodiment；
(2) Ludox is poured in paint can, in the case of being stirred continuously, add wetting agent, then by spherical
Fused quartz powder addition paint can stirs；(3) in the case of being stirred continuously, defoamer is added,
Test dope viscosity, after adjustment viscosity to 70s, continuously stirred 20h, coating has been prepared stand-by；(4)
With 45 degree of angles, wax-pattern is immersed rotation in the coating prepared, be coated with uniformly to wax pattern surface coating, take
Go out wax-pattern, treat that unnecessary coating drips off, blow, by compressed air, the bubble that bale broken is attached in wax-pattern hole and wedge angle；
(5) by sand sprinkling machine, surface layer stucco material is spread uniformly on the wax-pattern scribbling coating, complete surface layer and spread
Sand, described surface layer stucco material is spherical fused silica sand 80-120 mesh, dioxide-containing silica 93%；(6)
Natural drying under the conditions of temperature 22 ± 3 DEG C, humidity 65 ± 5%, i.e. obtains the shell surface layer of model casting.
Claims (9)
1. an investment casting casing investment precoat, by refractory material, binding agent, wetting agent, disappears
Infusion forms, it is characterised in that: described refractory material is (3-5) with the mass ratio of described binding agent: 1,
The quality of described wetting agent be the 0.01-0.1% of binding agent quality, described defoamer quality be binding agent matter
The 0.01-0.1% of amount；Wherein refractory material is spherical fused silica powder, and binding agent is Ludox.
Investment casting casing investment precoat the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
State granularity >=200 mesh of spherical fused silica powder.
Investment casting casing investment precoat the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute
State spherical fused silica powder preferred granularity >=325 mesh.
Investment casting casing investment precoat the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating dioxide-containing silica in spherical fused silica powder is 96-99%.
5., according to investment casting casing investment precoat according to any one of Claims 1-4, it is special
Levy and be: the concentration of described Ludox is 30%.
6. prepare shell with investment casting casing investment precoat according to any one of claim 1 to 5
The method of surface layer, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
(1) raw material is prepared: according to investment casting casing surface layer according to any one of claim 1 to 5
The proportioning of coating prepares each component raw material；
(2) configuration coating: poured into by Ludox in paint can, adds profit in the case of being stirred continuously
Humectant, then will spherical fused silica powder addition paint can stir；
(3) viscosity is measured: in the case of being stirred continuously, add defoamer, test dope viscosity, adjust
Whole viscosity is to after 50-70s, and continuously stirred 4-24h, coating has been prepared stand-by；
(4) surface layer is coated with: with 45 degree of angles, wax-pattern is immersed rotation in the coating prepared, to wax-pattern table
Coating materials is coated with uniformly, takes out wax-pattern, treats that unnecessary coating drips off, blow bale broken by compressed air and be attached to wax-pattern
Bubble in hole and wedge angle；
(5) surface layer stucco: by sand sprinkling machine surface layer stucco material spread uniformly and scribbling the wax-pattern of coating
On, completing surface layer pouring sand and prepare, described surface layer stucco material is spherical fused silica sand；
(6) shell is dried: natural drying under the conditions of temperature 22 ± 3 DEG C, humidity 65 ± 5%, to obtain final product
Shell surface layer to model casting.
Shell surface layer prepared by investment casting casing investment precoat the most according to claim 6
Method, it is characterised in that: after described step (2), also include stopping stirring, the step of static 4-8h
Suddenly.
8. according to preparing shell face with investment casting casing investment precoat described in claim 6 or 7
The method of layer, it is characterised in that: the granularity of described ball-type tekite sand is 80-120 mesh.
9. according to preparing shell face with investment casting casing investment precoat described in claim 6 or 7
The method of layer, it is characterised in that: the dioxide-containing silica of described ball-type tekite sand is 88-99%.
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| CN107900286A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-13 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | A kind of fused quartz ceramic shell preparation method |
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| CN112275994A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-29 | 福建省亿达精密铸造有限公司 | Silica sol for preparing precision casting shell |
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| CN113996748A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-01 | 华中科技大学 | Shell surface layer for lost foam shell mold casting aluminum lithium alloy and shell preparation method |
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