CN105707910B - A kind of hawthorn is enucleated system - Google Patents

A kind of hawthorn is enucleated system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105707910B
CN105707910B CN201610068955.XA CN201610068955A CN105707910B CN 105707910 B CN105707910 B CN 105707910B CN 201610068955 A CN201610068955 A CN 201610068955A CN 105707910 B CN105707910 B CN 105707910B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hawthorn
plate
location hole
chain
sprue
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201610068955.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105707910A (en
Inventor
李瑞虎
王升升
乔丽洁
陈鑫
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201610068955.XA priority Critical patent/CN105707910B/en
Publication of CN105707910A publication Critical patent/CN105707910A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105707910B publication Critical patent/CN105707910B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23NMACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N4/00Machines for stoning fruit or removing seed-containing sections from fruit, characterised by their stoning or removing device
    • A23N4/12Machines for stoning fruit or removing seed-containing sections from fruit, characterised by their stoning or removing device for coring fruit
    • A23N4/14Machines for stoning fruit or removing seed-containing sections from fruit, characterised by their stoning or removing device for coring fruit for apples, pears or the like

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Feeding Of Workpieces (AREA)
  • Attitude Control For Articles On Conveyors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of hawthorn stoning system, including plate-and-chain conveyer, along being sequentially provided with feeding hopper, hawthorn positioner on plate-and-chain conveyer traffic direction, rush nuclear device and splicing groove.Hawthorn of the present invention is enucleated system, in hawthorn positioning region, location hole water filling is given by water-locator, hawthorn is floated on the water surface, and due to the profile feature of hawthorn, carpopodium orientation is all consistent downward after the hawthorn floating in each location hole;Then by the way that after the water injected during the endoporus with spiral releases location hole, the hawthorn orientation in location hole is completely the same, realizes hawthorn automatic charging and positioning;Because positioning wall surface of the hole is arc, same location hole can realize the very big various sizes of hawthorn positioning of scope;Into the stoning of core station is rushed, when drift rushes core, the interior jacking block set in drift endoporus compresses the depression of hawthorn top center under spring force first, realizes the fixation of hawthorn, then rushes core, reduces the percentage of damage of hawthorn.

Description

A kind of hawthorn is enucleated system
Technical field
Nuclear technology field is removed the invention belongs to automatic hawthorn, and in particular to a kind of hawthorn is enucleated system.
Background technology
In hawthorn converted products, most labor intensive and time are enucleated with hawthorn.The general process of mechanical hawthorn stoning is, The feeding of hawthorn, positioning, clamping, the collection respectively of cutting and stoning, finished product and leftover bits and pieces.
Due to the profile and irregular spherical, Long Circle or oblateness of hawthorn, in machining, using the outer of hawthorn Shape is positioned, clamped, it is impossible to ensure that the center line of Chinese hawthorn seed overlaps with the center line of cutter, its positioning, clamping occur partially Difference, increased the percentage of damage of hawthorn and the unclean rate of stoning, be restricted the popularization of hawthorn seed remover.
Domestic main pitting method is mechanical stoning at present, wherein there is artificial blowing, is positioned manually, artificial operation stoning Simple hawthorn pitter;There is artificial blowing, the semi-automatic hawthorn seed remover being positioned manually;Somebody proposes former using gyro Reason, i.e., the purpose of positioning is reached by rotating the method for hawthorn, as above-mentioned hawthorn profile feature, at the same with gyro profile have compared with Big difference, causes its locating effect poor appearance, and its structure is also very complicated.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of hawthorn stoning system, existing hawthorn pitting method or device are solved due to receiving Hawthorn shape is limited, and percentage of damage is high and is enucleated sordid problem.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is that a kind of hawthorn is enucleated system, including plate-and-chain conveyer, is conveyed along plate chain Feeding hopper, hawthorn positioner are sequentially provided with machine traffic direction, nuclear device and splicing groove is rushed.
The features of the present invention is also resided in,
Plate-and-chain conveyer includes conveyer frame and the sprocket wheel on sprocket shaft, and conveying is fixed with conveyer frame Chain, has been bolted multiple plate carrier bars on carrier chain, when sprocket wheel is rotated, drive carrier chain and be fixed on carrier chain Plate carrier bar movement.
Two row's location holes are uniformly provided with each plate carrier bar, the wall of location hole is that arc and aperture gradually become from lower to upper Greatly, location hole bottom is the endoporus with spiral.
Feeding hopper is arranged on the position of plate-and-chain conveyer charging, is tilted upward in the position plate-and-chain conveyer of feeding hopper defeated Send.
Hawthorn positioner includes the sprue support for being arranged on the water-locator above plate carrier bar and being arranged on below plate carrier bar Body, the sprue supporter is provided with two stifled beams, is set below sprue supporter built with a rubber sprue for entirety, sprue There is effluent trough.
Water-locator is fixed in conveyer frame by water-locator fixed plate, and water inlet pipe is connected with water-locator.
Sprue supporter and effluent trough are bolted in conveyer frame respectively, and sprue supporter is that uncovered is rectangular Body box;The position of stifled beam is suitable with the position of location hole, and effluent trough is along the length of plate-and-chain conveyer traffic direction more than sprue branch Support body along conveyer traffic direction length.
Rushing nuclear device includes being arranged on the plunger mechanism above plate carrier bar and being arranged on below plate carrier bar connecing core groove, drift Mechanism includes the framework and guide pin bushing that are separately fixed in conveyer frame, and active rotating shaft is provided with framework, is set on active rotating shaft There is crank disc, connecting rod is hinged with crank disc, movable block is hinged with connecting rod, movable block is provided with two guide pillars and multiple punchings Head, two guide pillars are separately positioned on the two ends of movable block, and multiple drifts are uniformly arranged in the middle of two guide pillars, and guide pillar is mounted in and leads In set.
Drift is made up of the upper and lower two parts being connected through a screw thread, top for ladder cylindrical structure and installed in shifting On motion block, bottom includes hollow cylinder, and hollow cylinder is built with interior jacking block and interior jacking block spring, one end of interior jacking block spring It is fixed on guide pillar, the other end is enclosed within interior jacking block;External pressure circle and external pressure coil spring, external pressure coil spring are housed outside hollow cylinder One end be fixed on guide pillar, the other end is fixed on outer trim ring.
The leading section of hollow cylinder is inside and outside to be equipped with the conical surface, interior jacking block front end and outer trim ring inwall be also with it is hollow The pyramidal structure that the conical surface of cylinder front end is engaged.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows, hawthorn of the present invention is enucleated system, is conveyed using plate chain type conveyer, and in each plate Two row's location holes are evenly arranged with carrier bar, feeding hopper feeding is used transfer position is inclined, to realize that each is determined on plate carrier bar Position can only have a hawthorn in hole;In hawthorn positioning region, location hole water filling is given by water-locator, hawthorn is floated on the water surface, Due to the profile feature of hawthorn, carpopodium orientation is all consistent downward after the hawthorn floating in each location hole;Then by band spiral shell After the endoporus of rotation releases the water injected in location hole, the hawthorn orientation in location hole is completely the same, realizes hawthorn automatic charging And positioning;Because positioning wall surface of the hole is arc, same location hole can realize the very big various sizes of hawthorn positioning of scope;Enter Enter to rush the stoning of core station, when drift rushes core, the interior jacking block set in drift endoporus compresses hawthorn under spring force first The depression of top center, realizes the fixation of hawthorn, then rushes core.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram that hawthorn of the present invention is enucleated system;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of plunger mechanism in hawthorn stoning system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is movable block, drift, the combination assumption diagram of guide pillar in hawthorn stoning system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of drift in hawthorn stoning system of the present invention.
In figure, 1. plate-and-chain conveyer, 2. sprocket wheel, 3. splicing groove, 4. connects core groove, 5. plate carrier bar, 6. drift, 7. effluent trough, 8. hawthorn, 9. sprue supporter, 10. sprue, 11. location holes, 12. water-locators, 13.PLC, 14. feeding hoppers, 15. outer trim ring bullets Spring, jacking block spring in 16., jacking block in 17., 18. outer trim rings, 19. crank discs, 20. connecting rods, 21. movable blocks, 22. guide pin bushings, 23. Active rotating shaft, 24. conveyer frames, 25. water inlet pipes, 26. water-locator fixed plates, 27. carrier chains, 28. sprocket shafts, 29. frameworks, 30. guide pillars.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
A kind of hawthorn stoning system of the present invention, as shown in figure 1, including plate-and-chain conveyer 1, being run along plate-and-chain conveyer 1 Feeding hopper 14, hawthorn positioner are sequentially provided with direction, nuclear device and splicing groove 3 is rushed.
Plate-and-chain conveyer 1 includes conveyer frame 24 and the sprocket wheel 2 on sprocket shaft 28, solid in conveyer frame 24 Surely have carrier chain 27, multiple plate carrier bars 5 be bolted on carrier chain 27, when sprocket wheel 2 is rotated, drive carrier chain 27 with And the plate carrier bar 5 being fixed on carrier chain 27 is moved.
Be uniformly provided with two row's location holes 11 on each plate carrier bar 5, location hole 11 wall is for arc and aperture is from lower to upper Become larger, the bottom of location hole 11 is the endoporus with spiral.When the injection water in location hole 11 is by the bottom of location hole 11 When hole releases, the flowing of water outlet is steady flow, it is to avoid the generation of turbulent flow, after injection water discharge, hawthorn orientation in location hole It is completely the same, realize hawthorn automatic charging and positioning.
Feeding hopper 14 is arranged on the position of the charging of plate-and-chain conveyer 1, is tilted towards in the position plate-and-chain conveyer 1 of feeding hopper 14 Upper conveying, it is many on plate carrier bar 5 and in location hole 11 when plate carrier bar 5 runs up while the also stop of the wall of feeding hopper 14 Remaining hawthorn will be rolled down in the location hole 11 on the next plate carrier bar 5 and surface of plate carrier bar 5, realize each location hole Load a hawthorn in 11.
Hawthorn positioner includes the water-locator 12 for being arranged on the top of plate carrier bar 5 and the sprue for being arranged on the lower section of plate carrier bar 5 Supporter 9, is provided with a rubber sprue 10 for entirety on sprue supporter 9, sprue 10 is provided with two stifled beams, blocks up the position of beam Put suitable with the position of location hole, sprue supporter 9 is arranged below effluent trough 7, and effluent trough 7 is along the traffic direction of plate-and-chain conveyer 1 Length more than sprue supporter 9 along the traffic direction of plate-and-chain conveyer 1 length.Sprue supporter 9 is uncovered cuboid box, when When plate carrier bar 5 reaches 12 lower section of water-locator with plate-and-chain conveyer 1, stifled beam just blocks location hole 11, by water-locator 12 to fixed Water filling in the hole 11 of position, after water injection rate is to requirement, plate carrier bar 5 runs with plate-and-chain conveyer 1, and stifled beam progressively leaves location hole 11, the water injected in location hole 11 is flowed into effluent trough 7 from endoporus.
Water-locator 12 is fixed in conveyer frame 24 by water-locator fixed plate 26, and water inlet pipe is connected with water-locator 12 25。
Sprue supporter 9 and effluent trough 7 are bolted in conveyer frame 24 respectively.
Rushing nuclear device includes being arranged on the plunger mechanism of the top of plate carrier bar 5 and is arranged on below plate carrier bar 5 to connect core groove 4, As shown in Fig. 2 plunger mechanism includes the framework 29 and guide pin bushing 22 that are separately fixed in conveyer frame 24, it is provided with framework 29 Active rotating shaft 23, active rotating shaft 23 is provided with crank disc 19, and connecting rod 20 is hinged with crank disc 19, and movement is hinged with connecting rod 20 Block 21, as shown in figure 3, movable block 21 is provided with two guide pillars 30 and multiple drifts 6, two guide pillars 30 are separately positioned on movable block 21 two ends, multiple drifts 6 are uniformly arranged in the middle of two guide pillars 30, and guide pillar 30 is in guide pin bushing 22.During motion, around actively The crank disc 19 that rotating shaft 23 is rotated drives the connecting rod 20 being hinged thereon to swing, and movable block 21 is hinged with connecting rod 20, movable block 21 On guide pillar 30 is installed, guide pin bushing 22 is fixed in conveyer frame 24, when connecting rod 20 swings, drive movable block 21, movable block 21 drive guide pillar 30 vertically to be moved back and forth in guide pin bushing 22 again.
As shown in figure 4, drift 6 is made up of the upper and lower two parts being connected through a screw thread, top is the cylindrical structure of ladder And on movable block 21, bottom include hollow cylinder, hollow cylinder built with interior jacking block 17 and interior jacking block spring 16, One end of interior jacking block spring 16 is fixed on guide pillar, and the other end is enclosed within interior jacking block 17;External pressure circle 18 is housed outside hollow cylinder With external pressure coil spring 15, one end of external pressure coil spring 15 is fixed on guide pillar, and the other end is fixed on outer trim ring 18.
The leading section medial and lateral of hollow cylinder are equipped with the conical surface, and the front end of interior jacking block 17 and the inwall of outer trim ring 18 are also The pyramidal structure being engaged with the conical surface of hollow cylinder front end.When drift 6 does not work, interior jacking block 17 is in interior jacking block spring 16 In the presence of, it is pressed on the conical surface of hollow cylinder leading inside;Outer trim ring 18 is compressed in the presence of outer trim ring spring 15 On the conical surface on the outside of hollow cylinder leading section.
The process that drift 6 rushes core is that drift 6 is moved down, and is first that interior jacking block 17 touches hawthorn, and in interior jacking block spring 16 In the presence of spring force, interior jacking block 17 progressively compresses the depressed area of hawthorn top center, as drift 6 continues to move down, Because the elastic stiffness coefficient of interior jacking block spring 16 and external pressure coil spring 15 is smaller, or else interior jacking block 17 moves down with drift 6; During drift 6 continues to move down, after outer trim ring 18 is contacted and compresses hawthorn, outer trim ring 18 is also no longer downward with drift It is mobile;
When drift 6 sweeps away Chinese hawthorn seed and moves up, the handle in the presence of the interior spring force of jacking block spring 16 of interior jacking block 17 The core for coming is swept away from hawthorn from the hollow middle ejection of drift 6, is fallen into connecing core groove 4;Outer trim ring 18 is in the outer bullet of trim ring spring 15 Going out in the location hole that FRUCTUS CRATAEGI top of the core rear enclosure on drift 6 falls on plate carrier bar 5 in the presence of spring force, with plate carrier bar 5 movements, when 3 position of splicing groove is moved to, are fallen into splicing groove 3 by gravity;I.e. rush nuclear process and realize hawthorn fixation, Rush core and pulp is separated with core.
When hawthorn is enucleated, the haw berry of preliminary classification is fed in what is set on the inclination transfer position of plate-and-chain conveyer 1 In feeding hopper 14, drive plate-and-chain conveyer 1 to do intermittent duty by sprocket wheel 2, fed when plate carrier bar 5 runs to plate chain type conveyer 1 During the discharging opening of hopper 14 lower section, hawthorn has just been piled up in the whole surface of plate carrier bar 5 and in location hole 11, because the position is to incline Convey obliquely, also the stop of the wall of feeding hopper 14, with operation, on plate carrier bar 5 and in location hole 11, unnecessary hawthorn is just Can tumble on next surface of plate carrier bar 5 and in location hole 11, realize entering from feeding region the plate carrier bar 5 of subsequent region, Load a hawthorn in each location hole 11;
Hawthorn positioning region is horizontal feed, when the plate carrier bar 5 for having installed hawthorn is transported to hawthorn positioning region, sprue 10 block the bottom of 5 upper Positioning holes of plate carrier bar 11 from below, now by the water filling from a hole 11 is given above of water-locator 12, work as water Stop water filling after being injected into set amount, because the density of hawthorn 8 is less than water, hawthorn 8 is floated in water, due to the contour structures of hawthorn 8 Feature, it is all consistent downward that the hawthorn 8 in each location hole floats rear carpopodium orientation;
Because the position of sprue 10 is fixed, plate carrier bar 5 moves ahead with plate chain type conveyer 1, when sprue 10 departs from location hole 11 Position when, the water in location hole 11 is flowed into effluent trough 7, because the bottom of location hole 11 is the endoporus with spiral, when fixed When water in the hole 11 of position is released by location hole lower part helical endoporus, the flowing of water outlet is steady flow, it is to avoid the hair of turbulent flow Raw, after the water during bottom gives off location hole in the location hole, hawthorn unchanged direction realizes the orientation of hawthorn 8 in location hole It is completely the same;
, into the stoning of core station is rushed, when rushing core, the interior jacking block 17 set in the endoporus of drift 6 is first in interior jacking block for plate carrier bar 5 The lower depression for compressing the top center of hawthorn 8 of the effect of spring 16, realizes the fixation of hawthorn, then rushes core, rushes in core back punching head 6 and moves, During the core gone out connects core groove 4 under the effect of interior jacking block spring 16 by the ejection drift 6 endoporus entrance of interior jacking block 17, the fruit of hawthorn 8 Meat is unloaded on drift 6 by outer trim ring 18 under the effect of outer trim ring spring 15 and enters location hole;
Finally as plate carrier bar 5 runs, the pulp of hawthorn 8 falls under gravity into splicing groove 3.
Whole working cycles, by PLC13 controls.
Whole work process of the present invention realizes operation automation, so as to improve production efficiency.
Because the shaped upper part of location hole is the arcuate shape similar to the circular arc shape of hawthorn 8, and from lower to upper aperture by Gradual change is big, therefore same location hole can realize that the very big various sizes of hawthorn 8 of scope positions.
The inventive method is simple, and apparatus structure is compact.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of hawthorn is enucleated system, it is characterised in that including plate-and-chain conveyer (1), along plate-and-chain conveyer (1) traffic direction On be sequentially provided with feeding hopper (14), hawthorn positioner, rush nuclear device and splicing groove (3);
Sprocket wheel (2) of the plate-and-chain conveyer (1) including conveyer frame (24) and on sprocket shaft (28), the conveying Carrier chain (27) is fixed with machine frame (24), multiple plate carrier bars (5) have been bolted on the carrier chain (27), work as chain When wheel (2) is rotated, carrier chain (27) and plate carrier bar (5) movement being fixed on carrier chain (27) are driven;
The hawthorn positioner includes being arranged on the water-locator (12) above plate carrier bar (5) and is arranged on plate carrier bar (5) lower section Sprue supporter (9), the sprue supporter (9) built with a rubber sprue (10) for entirety, on the sprue (10) Two stifled beams are provided with, the sprue supporter (9) is arranged below effluent trough (7).
2. hawthorn according to claim 1 is enucleated system, it is characterised in that be uniformly provided with two rows on each plate carrier bar (5) Location hole (11), the wall of the location hole (11) is that arc and aperture become larger from lower to upper, under the location hole (11) Portion is the endoporus with spiral.
3. hawthorn according to claim 1 is enucleated system, it is characterised in that the feeding hopper (14) is arranged on the conveying of plate chain The position of machine (1) charging, conveying is tilted upward in the position plate-and-chain conveyer (1) of feeding hopper (14).
4. hawthorn according to claim 1 is enucleated system, it is characterised in that the water-locator (12) is fixed by water-locator Plate (26) is fixed in conveyer frame (24), and water inlet pipe (25) is connected with the water-locator (12).
5. hawthorn according to claim 1 is enucleated system, it is characterised in that the sprue supporter (9) and effluent trough (7) It is bolted on respectively in conveyer frame (24), the sprue supporter (9) is uncovered cuboid box;The stifled beam Position is suitable with the position of location hole (11), and the effluent trough (7) is more than sprue along the length of plate-and-chain conveyer (1) traffic direction Supporter (9) along plate-and-chain conveyer (1) traffic direction length.
6. hawthorn according to claim 1 is enucleated system, it is characterised in that the nuclear device that rushes includes being arranged on plate carrier bar (5) plunger mechanism above and it is arranged on below plate carrier bar (5) and connects core groove (4), the plunger mechanism includes being separately fixed at Framework (29) and guide pin bushing (22) in conveyer frame (24), active rotating shaft (23), the master are provided with the framework (29) Dynamic rotating shaft (23) is provided with crank disc (19), and connecting rod (20) is hinged with the crank disc (19), is hinged on the connecting rod (20) There is movable block (21), the movable block (21) is provided with two guide pillars (30) and multiple drifts (6), and two guide pillars (30) set respectively The two ends in movable block (21) are put, multiple drifts (6) are uniformly arranged in the middle of two guide pillars (30), and the guide pillar (30) is mounted in In guide pin bushing (22).
7. hawthorn according to claim 6 is enucleated system, it is characterised in that the drift (6) is by what is be connected through a screw thread Upper and lower two parts composition, top for ladder cylindrical structure and on movable block (21), bottom includes hollow cylinder Body, the hollow cylinder built with interior jacking block (17) and interior jacking block spring (16), consolidate by one end of the interior jacking block spring (16) It is scheduled on guide pillar, the other end is enclosed within interior jacking block (17);External pressure circle (18) and external pressure coil spring are housed outside the hollow cylinder (15), one end of the external pressure coil spring (15) is fixed on guide pillar, and the other end is fixed on outer trim ring (18).
8. hawthorn according to claim 7 is enucleated system, it is characterised in that the leading section of the hollow cylinder is inside and outside The conical surface is equipped with, interior jacking block (17) front end and outer trim ring (18) inwall are also and match with the conical surface of hollow cylinder front end The pyramidal structure of conjunction.
CN201610068955.XA 2016-02-01 2016-02-01 A kind of hawthorn is enucleated system Expired - Fee Related CN105707910B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610068955.XA CN105707910B (en) 2016-02-01 2016-02-01 A kind of hawthorn is enucleated system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610068955.XA CN105707910B (en) 2016-02-01 2016-02-01 A kind of hawthorn is enucleated system

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CN105707910A CN105707910A (en) 2016-06-29
CN105707910B true CN105707910B (en) 2017-07-04

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107440131A (en) * 2017-07-14 2017-12-08 李刚 A kind of hawthorn pit-removing machine
CN107252121B (en) * 2017-07-20 2023-02-03 河北农业大学 Take positioner's hawthorn stoner
CN108991537A (en) * 2018-09-06 2018-12-14 哈尔滨理工大学 A kind of automatic stoning machine for reddates
CN113080474A (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-07-09 王续续 Manual equipment that denucleates of hawthorn

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3731615A (en) * 1970-10-05 1973-05-08 Vistan Corp Cherry pitter
CN2109731U (en) * 1991-12-21 1992-07-15 王群 Pit remover for haw
CN2757598Y (en) * 2004-12-29 2006-02-15 宋钢 Hawthorn seeder
CN204393283U (en) * 2015-01-09 2015-06-17 徐嘉诚 A kind of hawthorn seeder
CN204969338U (en) * 2015-09-29 2016-01-20 宋慧文 Hawthorn kernel removing device

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Granted publication date: 20170704