CN105700162B - 360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax and method based on light field scanning - Google Patents
360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax and method based on light field scanning Download PDFInfo
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- CN105700162B CN105700162B CN201610213413.7A CN201610213413A CN105700162B CN 105700162 B CN105700162 B CN 105700162B CN 201610213413 A CN201610213413 A CN 201610213413A CN 105700162 B CN105700162 B CN 105700162B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/54—Accessories
- G03B21/56—Projection screens
- G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
- G03B21/602—Lenticular screens
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of 360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of the full parallax scanned based on light field, including deviation type directional scattering screen, cylindrical lens array screen, high-speed projector, tumbler, rotation detecting device.Invention additionally discloses a kind of 360 ° of 3 D displaying methods of full parallax based on light field scanning, handle and integrate processing by the reconstruction of optical wave field carried out to the corresponding multi-view image of each viewpoint, realize full parallax Three-dimensional Display.The present invention realizes free full parallax Three-dimensional Display experience in display space by combining sweep type reconstruction of optical wave field and integration imaging displaying scheme；Wherein sweep type reconstruction of optical wave field solution is respectively reconstructed horizontal light field and vertical light field with the integration imaging technology based on cylindrical lens array, realizes different level position and vertical position all viewpoints correctly full parallax Three-dimensional Display.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dimension display technologies fields, and in particular to a kind of 360 ° of three-dimensionals of full parallax based on light field scanning are aobvious
Showing device and method.
Background technology
In recent years, with the fast development of photoelectric technology and computer drawing technology, dimension display technologies are undergoing
Unprecedented development, the research that the naked eye three-dimensional to building even 360 ° of big visible angle is shown is with application also by increasingly
More attention.Existing dimension display technologies include that hologram three-dimensional display technology, body dimension display technologies, integration imaging three-dimensional are aobvious
Show technology and light field dimension display technologies etc..
Hologram three-dimensional display records using the method for interference record diffraction reconstruction and has reappeared the intensity of target light, phase
Whole wavefront informations such as position and wavelength, so theoretically viewing real-world object does not have any difference with its hologram image is watched.
But be limited by the resolution ratio of photographic film and reproduce the wavelength of light, the clarity and color reduction degree of actual displayed scene are all
It declines to a great extent, and more difficult applied to Dynamic Announce.Body Three-dimensional Display reconstructs full-shape by way of LED array or laser scanning
The luminous tissue points cloud of degree, convenient for integrating and realizing the Three-dimensional Display of large scale, but is unable to control radiation direction, leads to weight
The three-dimensional scenic of structure is transparent, so that it is not had occlusion effect and cannot achieve texture display.Integration imaging Three-dimensional Display
Realization is combined with cylindrical grating (or cylindrical lens array) by liquid crystal display panel, light of the guiding comprising specifying information enters specific
Observation area generates image corresponding with each viewpoint, realizes Three-dimensional Display.But the resolution ratio of liquid crystal display panel and cylindrical grating
Refracting power, limit the correct visual angle number and observable angle of system.Light field Three-dimensional Display is by shadow casting technique and determines
To the information and exit direction of screen control light, the reconstruction of optical wave field of target object is realized, shown compared to holography, dependent on meter
High-resolution dynamic and the three-dimensional scenic with complex texture may be implemented in the light field Three-dimensional Display of calculation machine Rendering.Light field three
The realization method of dimension display includes sweep type and splice type.Sweep type light field Three-dimensional Display is fixed by high-speed projector and deviation type
Realize that the 360 degree of scannings reconstruct of light field, splice type light field Three-dimensional Display pass through projector array and directional diffuser screen to diffuser screen
Realize the splicing reconstruct of light field.
As the performances such as the resolution ratio of kinds of displays part and modulation degree are constantly promoted, integration imaging Three-dimensional Display and light field
The realization effect of Three-dimensional Display is more and more true to nature, but is limited by practical set-up, is while realizing horizontal parallax and vertical parallax, shows
Show the projector and microlens array that system needs usage quantity huge, or increase tracing of human eye module, this will be so that the whole series
System becomes huge and is not easy to safeguard.
Invention content
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of 360 ° of Three-dimensional Displays of full parallax based on light field scanning
Device and method will be based on light field scanning technique, by combining sweep type reconstruction of optical wave field and integration imaging displaying scheme, realize aobvious
Show free full parallax Three-dimensional Display experience in space.Wherein horizontal parallax is realized by sweep type reconstruction of optical wave field solution,
It will have benefited from deviation according on the transmission-type directional scattering screen of the image sequence synchronized projection that mapping algorithm obtains to rotation
The light modulating characteristic of type directional diffuser screen, system realize the reconstruction of optical wave field of horizontal direction by rotation sweep, and user can be with
The scene at corresponding visual angle is observed around display system.But since the vertical direction of screen has compared with large scattering angle, this kind is swept
It retouches type light field system and cannot achieve vertical parallax.Pass through side cylindrical lens array being superimposed upon on deviation type directional diffuser screen
Formula may be implemented the secondary modulation to vertical direction light, therefore realize the reconstruction of optical wave field of vertical direction, realize that full parallax is three-dimensional
Display.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of 360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax based on light field scanning, including deviation type directional scattering screen, cylinder
Lens array screens, high-speed projector, tumbler, rotation detecting device.
Deviation type directional scattering screen：Level modulation is carried out to the exit direction of incident ray；
Cylindrical lens array screen：The exit direction of incident ray is modulated vertically；
High-speed projector：Two-dimensional image sequence is obtained according to the optical characteristics of screen, and is projected into the corresponding of screen
Position coordinates the rotation of screen to realize that 3-D view is shown；
Tumbler：It is connect with directional diffuser screen, and directional diffuser screen is driven to rotate；
Rotation detecting device：The tach signal of detection tumbler and angle position are simultaneously transferred to high-speed projector realization throwing
The regulation and control of shadow image.
Preferably, the deviation type directional scattering screen can make incident ray that special angle occur to observer position
Deviation, while making in a dimension there is larger scattering angle, another dimension to have smaller scattering angle by light.For with
The light field modulating properties of cylindrical lens array screen coordinate, and the directional diffuser screen group needs transmission-type and low dispersion.As excellent
Choosing, the deviation type directional diffuser screen are transmission-type deviation type holographic microstructure diffuser screen, i.e., are arrived at 30 ° with screen normal
Scattering screen with directive gain between 60 ° of angles.
Preferably, the cylindrical lens array screen can guide light to enter three-dimensional display area and form convergent point,
On it is covered in directional scattering screen and in the case of ensureing that each Cylindrical element is precisely aligned with projected pixel, realize to original
The secondary modulation of this equally distributed vertical light field.The spatial aspect number of the three-dimensional scenic reconstructed is refreshed by high-speed projector
The parameters such as rate, projected image resolution ratio, screen rotation speed, cylindrical lens array spatial frequency determine.
Preferably, the high-speed projector is colored high frame frequency projector, uses three-chip type DLP high speed spatial light modulators
And three-color LED or laser lighting accordingly.
The present invention also provides a kind of 360 ° of 3 D displaying methods of full parallax based on light field scanning, are as follows：
(1) computer according to threedimensional model, high-speed projector at a distance from deviation type directional scattering screen, color depth etc.
Parameter calculates triple channel image sequence information for the observer of different level and vertical position；
(2) computer sees different location according to the spatial frequency of high speed projected image resolution ratio and cylindrical lens array
Image sequence corresponding to the person of examining is overlapped processing, structure projection triple channel image sequence；
(3) composite screen group is mounted on tumbler and is rotated by its drive, and rotation detecting device detects tumbler
Tach signal and angle position and be transferred to high-speed projector, high-speed projector updates projected image according to command synchronization；
(4) by the deviation type directional scattering screen and cylindrical lens array screen respectively to the outgoing side of incident ray
To horizontally and vertically being modulated, to realize that 3-D view is shown.
The present invention will by combining sweep type reconstruction of optical wave field and integration imaging displaying scheme, to light be carried out at the same time it is horizontal with
Vertical modulation realizes free full parallax Three-dimensional Display experience in display space, and keeps the higher display point of Three-dimensional Display
Resolution (including horizontal and vertical angular resolution) and reconstruct viewpoint number.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of 360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that sweep type reconstruction of optical wave field realizes horizontal parallax in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that integration imaging technology realizes vertical parallax in the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Next below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1,360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax based on light field scanning include：High-speed projector 1, deviation type
Directional scattering screen 2, cylindrical lens array screen 3, tumbler 4, rotation detecting device 5 and the image control mold 6.
The core devices of high-speed projector 1 are the reflex type digital micro mirror element (DMD) with High Speed Modulation rate, can be made
With 3 DMD and redgreenblue LED illumination is combined, realizes have coloured high speed projection.By halftoning algorithm to DMD institutes
Each channel bianry image of display is handled, and realizes the display scene with gray scale stratum.
As shown in Fig. 2, horizontal parallax is realized by sweep type reconstruction of optical wave field mode：The deviation type orientation for having benefited from screen dissipates
The optical characteristics of screen 2 is penetrated, the information on temporal projection to the screen can be diffused by rotating device in 360 ° of spaces, constituted
The horizontal reconstruction of optical wave field of sweep type, under the premise of rotation is with projection accurate synchronization, system will be not present the crosstalk between viewpoint.Assuming that
At a certain moment, directional scattering characteristic makes to propagate along the directions a by the light of screen point A, and enters the left eye of observer；When another
It carves, directional scattering characteristic makes to propagate along the directions b by the light of screen point B, and enters the right eye of observer.If projected image can
So that strength informations of the screen point A display spaces point Q along the directions a, screen point B display spaces point Q along the directions b strength information,
Then the reversed trace two-beam line of observer's eyes will end in space convergent point Q, rather than the A point B points on screen, this is brain
The result of solid perception.Complex three-dimensional model can consider the set of a cloud, according to this thought, in given observer's viewpoint
In the case of panorama position, projection image sequence will be obtained.Since screen does not have modulation capability in vertical direction, system is only
The horizontal light field of Q points can be built, and its vertical light field can not be built.Level reconstruct viewpoint number and one week projector of screen rotation are more
New picture number is related.
As shown in figure 3, vertical parallax is realized by integration imaging technology：Cylindrical lens array screen 3 has in vertical direction
There is ability of regulation and control, the pixel of object plane integrative display can be disperseed to be imaged onto in free space, therefore by observer vertical
The multi-view image of direction different location is superimposed upon according to integration imaging algorithm in each raster unit overlay area, then observer is perpendicular
Histogram is to the anaglyph that will be observed that not crosstalk.Vertical reconstruct viewpoint number and cylindrical lens array period and projected image point
Resolution is related.If the hypothesis cylindrical lens array period is T mm, projected image resolution ratio is P mm/pixel, then vertical reconstruct regards
Points are T/P.
Tumbler 4 drives transmission-type composite screen 2 and 3 to rotate, and high-speed projector 1 is placed under composite screen, and turns
Dynamic device 4 cannot stop the projected image of projector, therefore the mode or hollow cylinder mode of belt wheel transmission can be used, and realize
Tumbler designs, to realize that the accurate cooperation of projected image and Rotation screen, design should avoid when rotating due to poor fit
Caused by skid displacement.
The real-time rotary state of 5 detecting system of rotation detecting device can directly read tumbler signal and be rotated
Status information can also be measured in real time the screen in rotation.Rotation detecting device 5 is generally based on field programmable gate
Array is the control module of core or based on the control module that digital signal processor is core, passes through and turns to tumbler 4
It is transferred to the image control mold 6 after the acquisition process shaping of speed and angle position signal.
The image control mold 6 previously according to given threedimensional model and viewpoint position set (including level angle α distributions and
The viewpoint set of vertical angles β distributions), the multi-view image corresponding to each viewpoint is calculated, and generate and throw according to restructing algorithm
Shadow image collection.According to being described above, projected image will be according to algorithm corresponding to identical level angle α but different vertical angles β
It is superimposed as single width and integrates projected image, since high-speed projector 1 shows three kinds of color images, it is therefore desirable to be carried out to projected image
Color Channel detaches and carries out halftone process.According to the angular position information that rotation detecting device 5 is fed back, image control mould
Integrated projected image corresponding to each level angle α is transferred to high-speed projector 1 by block 6, realizes control accurate.
The foregoing is merely the preferable implementation examples of the present invention, are not intended to restrict the invention, it is all in spirit of that invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of 360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax based on light field scanning, which is characterized in that including high-speed projector, deviation
Type directional scattering screen, cylindrical lens array screen and tumbler；
The high-speed projector, for saturating to the deviation type directional scattering screen and cylinder by sequential projection two dimensional image
Lens array screen；
The deviation type directional scattering screen, the exit direction for incident ray carry out level modulation；
The cylindrical lens array screen, the exit direction for incident ray are modulated vertically；
The tumbler, for driving the deviation type directional scattering screen and cylindrical lens array screen to rotate, with
Realize that 3-D view is shown；
360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of the full parallax realize that the step of 3-D view display includes：
1) it according to the parameters of threedimensional model, high-speed projector and deviation type directional scattering screen, for different level and erects
Triple channel image sequence information is arranged in the observer of straight position；
2) according to the spatial frequency of high speed projected image resolution ratio and cylindrical lens array, corresponding to different location observer
Image sequence is overlapped processing, structure projection triple channel image sequence；
3) deviation type directional scattering screen and cylindrical lens array screen are driven by tumbler, is detected using rotation detecting device
The tach signal of tumbler and angle position are simultaneously transferred to high-speed projector, and high-speed projector is updated according to command synchronization to be projected
Image；
4) by the deviation type directional scattering screen and cylindrical lens array screen respectively to the exit direction of incident ray into
The horizontal and vertical modulation of row, to realize that 3-D view is shown.
2. 360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that have and connect with the tumbler
The rotation detecting device connect, the tach signal for detecting tumbler and angle position, and export and realized to high-speed projector
The regulation and control of projected image.
3. 360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the deviation type directional scattering
Screen is screen normal scattering screen with directive gain between 30 ° to 60 ° angles.
4. 360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the deviation type directional scattering
Screen is transmission-type deviation type holographic microstructure diffuser screen.
5. 360 ° of three-dimensional display apparatus of full parallax as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the high-speed projector is coloured silk
Se Gao frame frequencies projector uses three-chip type DLP high speeds spatial light modulator and corresponding three-color LED or laser lighting.
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| CN106527027A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-03-22 | 杜辉 | Ultra-short focus projector of rotation lens |
| CN107202549B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2019-08-23 | 南开大学 | A kind of high precision three-dimensional measurement method and measuring instrument |
| CN107765503A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-06 | 青岛盘谷信息光学有限公司 | A kind of optical stereo display device |
| CN108399865A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-14 | 朱平齐 | A kind of electronic display unit reproducing article 3-dimensional image |
| CN108881881B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-10-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Self-adaptive micro-image array generation method for 3D display of integrated imaging desktop |
| CN110264905B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-08-14 | 亿信科技发展有限公司 | Light field display system |
| CN111158162B (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2022-08-30 | 亿信科技发展有限公司 | Super multi-viewpoint three-dimensional display device and system |
| CN111351759A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-06-30 | 杭州谱析光晶半导体科技有限公司 | Spectrum detection method and system |
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| CN102183873A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-09-14 | 浙江大学 | Suspended three-dimensional 360-degree field space display device based on high-speed projector |
| CN102298256A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2011-12-28 | 浙江大学 | Pitching multi-view-angle suspended 360-degree-view-field space three-dimensional display device |
| CN104298065A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-01-21 | 浙江大学 | 360-degree three-dimensional display device and method based on splicing of multiple high-speed projectors |
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