CN105699432A - Paste filling effect evaluating method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a paste filling effect evaluating method.By analyzing the resistivity difference between a paste filling material and surrounding rock stratum, detection of the depth of a filling body and division of electrical resistivity property boundaries of overlying strata, coal mass and the filling body in the horizontal direction of a filling effect evaluation measuring line are combined.Electrodes are arranged in the face advance direction of the earth surface, data acquisition, processing and mapping are achieved with a resistivity testing device, and the underground solidification time, tight-filling effect and distribution range of the paste filling material are analyzed and judged.The method well solves the problems that underground filling effect is hard to evaluate and only a single evaluation means is available.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in a kind of paste body filling recovery process, the method to the real-time monitoring and evaluation of filling effect。
Background technology
Paste body filling production technique be control subsidence effective ways, in order to make obturator reach predetermined effect, in recovery process and exploitation after the monitoring of obturator is particularly important。
Paste body filling effect evaluation system is broadly divided into field measurement, theory analysis and 3 kinds of means of numerical simulation。Field measurement is broadly divided into subsidence monitoring system and downhole monitoring system。The means that earth's surface deflection is mainly observed by subsidence monitoring, conventional instrument and method have total powerstation, GIS-Geographic Information System, GPS etc., and subsidence observation is the method the most directly mastic exploitation effect evaluated。By survey calculation maximum subsidence amount and subsidence velocity, and predict the scope of subsidence, thus judging whether the earth's surface deformation producing to occur due to roof collapse or bending subsidence。The state (pack completeness, decrement, curdled appearance) of obturator, the movement and deformation of overlying strata and Face Ground Pressure Behavior rule are mainly monitored by downhole monitoring system, and main monitoring instrument is pressure transducer, roof to floor convergence detection monitor etc.。When filling effect evaluation is carried out field monitoring, no matter it is surface subsidence discharge observation, top board movement and deformation and ore pressure monitor, simply a certain parameter of single horizontal plane is tested, between three, lack the contact of system。Need to set up the comprehensive comprehensive real-time monitoring system of obturator, roof overburden and earth's surface deformation, understand the change of obturator, disclose the mutual relation of obturator, roof overburden and earth's surface deformation。
A kind of stope paste filling material heat-water-Li of Chinese patent CN201510290717 offer-change many performance monitoring devices, belongs to paste body filling monitoring technical field。Being fixed on by sensor above support, many performance monitoring devices are fixed on barricade towards stope side, and connect data collector and computer。But this device need to be installed in down-hole, installation difficulty and easy to wear, it is impossible to obturator is carried out permanently effective monitoring。
Summary of the invention
It is desirable to provide a kind of method that filling effect obturator is long-term, real-time, omnibearing many performance monitorings is evaluated, the problem solving paste body filling effect assessment well。
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of evaluation methodology of paste body filling effect, it is characterized in that: the change in resistance feature increased with age by mastic, and the resistivity contrasts of obturator and country rock, while down-hole paste body filling is exploited, electrode is laid on earth's surface, utilize the transmitter-receiver device of electric current, complete the collection of data, it is achieved paste body filling exploitation real-time, synchronize effect assessment。Specifically follow these steps to carry out:
(1) the dipole device of room resistivity measurement determines the resistivity that paste filling material changes with age by experiment；
(2) on-the-spot boring, obtains the core of exploit mineral resources, overlying rock and floor strata, and utilizes the resistivity measurement device of step (1) to determine the resistivity of each rock stratum；Or under the premise of known geo-logical terrain structure, determined the resistivity of each rock stratum by the resistivity data of rock stratum；Then the resistivity of the material that step (1) is tested is contrasted, judge to adopt resistivity method feasibility that filling effect is evaluated: if the paste filling material of test at the ratio of the resistivity value specified in age and shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR) numerical value less than 1/5, then can utilize resistivity filling effect assessment method that filling effect is evaluated；If ratio between two is more than 1/5, then owing to difference is inconspicuous, it is impossible to realize the evaluation to filling effect；
(3) stress-resistivity measurement device is utilized, in research uniaxial loading process, the mutual relation of filler test specimen stress and resistivity in different curing age, determine the fit equation of different larval instar stress-resistivity, filling mining mode according to surveyed mining area and strata structure, drawing the stress that obturator is subject to, calculating obturator is real resistivity in down-hole；
(4) set up the resistivity models in filling mining process, use FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS numerical simulation software to carry out numerical simulation computing, and draw apparent resistivity section figure；
(5) determine that filling effect evaluates survey line position and length, complete the site layout project of electrode；
(6) scene arranges the instrument of test resistance rate, filling effect in filling mining process is carried out real-time monitoring and evaluation, and completes the collection of data；
(7) data that monitoring is collected process, and are analyzed with the apparent resistivity section figure of numerical simulation, complete the evaluation to filling effect。
Further, in described step (1) and (2), the different paste filling materials of curing age and each rock stratum of overlying of working seam are made the standard specimen of Φ 50 × 100mm, adopt dipole device that the resistivity of test specimen is tested。
Further, in described step (3), adopt the stress-resistivity measurement device of designed, designed, the stress-resistivity of the paste filling material test specimen of different larval instar is tested, set up the Mathematical Fitting equation of the stress of filler and resistivity in different larval instar。The structure of described device is: arrange copper plate electrode at the two ends up and down of cylinder specimen, felt pad is placed between electrode and weighted platform, electrode, LCR tester and resistivity data acquisition system are connected by wire, Stress Control system, resistivity data acquisition system and stress-strain acquisition system are arranged in same computer, to realize in the process of filler test specimen uniaxial loading, the synchronous acquisition of stress-strain-resistivity data。
Further, in described step (5), the orientation of electrode is consistent with the mining direction in filling operation face, and the spacing of each electrode is equal；Described electrode is diameter is 30mm, is highly the copper electrodes of 100mm。
Further, in described step (6), the instrument of on-the-spot test resistivity includes main frame and from machine, and main frame is by computer, the universal circuit of test instrunment and forms with the interface circuit being connected from machine, its effect be to from machine transmitting control commands, receive from machine feedback signal；It is made up of single-chip microcomputer from machine, is controlled power supply and the measuring state of electrode system by cable；Current electrode and measurement electrode are accessed from machine by electric wire。
Principles of the invention: paste filling material is by Binder Materials, water and solid waste mix and blend form slip, it is delivered to goaf by pipeline, solidification forms obturator, inside filler, principal element to the resistivity effects of paste filling material is the circulation passage of pore solution and pore solution, pore solution is mainly the impact of water content and ion concentration, circulation passage mainly includes the content of the interfacial transition zone on porosity and pore structure and spoil surface, and moisture content, ion concentration is relevant to the chemical reaction with age change in filler with porosity, therefore, the setting time of filler can be predicted by analyzing and measure the resistivity of obturator。Meanwhile, paste filling material responds in obvious low-resistance in early days compared with country rock around, can judge that connecing of obturator pushes up effect and distribution by testing the resistivity of obturator, it is achieved use the resistivity method evaluation to filling effect。
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) theoretical with actual high degree of uniformity。There are reliably tight theoretical basis and objective comprehensive measured data。The resistivity of obturator is drawn by test and Theoretical Calculation, analyze the conductivity difference between itself and country rock, based on this and merged the detection to the obturator degree of depth and the division in survey line level, overlying strata, coal body, obturator electrically demarcated, the monitoring of reality is carried out for the objective condition that paste body filling exploitation is on-the-spot。
(2) the comprehensive property of the monitoring real-time of process, monitoring range。Owing to filling mining has chronicity, successional feature, and in the process of filling mining, the movement and deformation of roof strata, overburden structure change, the deformation of sinking on earth's surface, strength of filling mass change and obturator by compression situation after roof Stress, it it is a process dynamic, that be mutually related, develop continuously, therefore, the evaluation of filling effect is monitored, it is necessary to adopt monitoring means real-time, omnibearing。And traditional monitoring means is simply to change, and a certain moment is monitored in a certain respect, as ore deposit pressure manifest, Surface Subsidence Law。And resistivity filling effect evaluation methodology is a kind of two-dimentional, three-dimensional even exploration engineering, obturator in filling mining process and overlying strata in time uninterruptedly, spatially can be changed continuously and be monitored by it, and discloses obturator and rule that overlying strata, earth's surface interact。
(3) electrode arrange integrity, convenience。Before filling mining, the whole work surface determining filling mining is carried out disposable layout electrode, until exploitation terminates in the rear one monitoring period, electrode does not need shift position, directly gather data, can obtain exploitation before to exploitation after, the earth's surface of whole work surface, underground change in resistance rule, ensure that the integrity obtaining data, and reduce error as far as possible。
(4) quick, the high-quality of data acquisition and processing (DAP)。By the data of field acquisition, the Inversion Software of maturation quickly can be utilized on computers to carry out data and to process and apparent resistivity imaging, the ground electrical information reflecting underground directly perceived on apparent resistivity inverting pseudosection map。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is filler test specimen stress-resistivity measurement device schematic diagram。
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that resistivity method filling effect is evaluated。
Fig. 3 is curing age is the Resistivity Forward Modelling model of 7d。
Fig. 4 is the apparent resistivity section figure that inverting draws。
Fig. 5 is the actual apparent resistivity section figure of exploitation 7d。
In figure: 1-felt pad；2-copper plate electrode；3-copper-bath cotton；4-sample；5-weighted platform；6-LCR tester；7-data collecting system；8-working seam；9-the first obturator；10-the second obturator；11-the 3rd obturator；12-top board；13-electrode。
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate the present invention by the examples below, but be not limited to following example。
Step 1: the paste filling material proportioning raw materials determined according to mining area, after mixing and stirring, die-filling, make the standard specimen of Φ 50 × 100mm, utilize the resistivity value of dipole device to test test specimen 1d, 3d, 7d and 14d, Fig. 1 shown device is utilized to test above-mentioned age internal stress-strain-resistivity mutual relation the quantitative function relational expression of identified sign-resistivity。
For new sun coal mine paste filling exploitation, utilize resistivity filling effect assessment method that filling effect is evaluated in filling mining process。The proportioning raw materials of paste filling material is: it is 30% that thin spoil accounts for total spoil content, and consumption is 285kg/m3, in, thick spoil content account for total spoil content and be 35%, consumption is 332.5kg/m3, the consumption of cement and flyash respectively 190kg/m3And 380kg/m3, water consumption is 380kg/m3, mass concentration is 80%。Through test, paste filling material 1d, 3d, the resistivity respectively 5.56 Ω m of 7d and 14d, 9.87 Ω m, 37.25 Ω m and 84.45 Ω m, top, floor rocks resistivity be 1 × 103Ω m, the ratio of paste filling material resistivity value and shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR) numerical value within regulation age is less than 1/5, it is possible to use filling effect is evaluated by resistivity filling effect assessment method。
Utilize stress-strain-resistivity measurement device: as shown in Figure 1, sample 4 is cylinder test specimen, sample about 4 is respectively arranged at two ends with and is soaked with copper-bath cotton 3, the effect of cotton is the impact in order to reduce contact resistance, electrode and surface of test piece is made to be fully contacted, being provided with copper plate electrode 2 outside copper-bath cotton 3, be provided with felt pad 1 outside copper plate electrode 2, felt pad 1 contacts with weighted platform 5。Copper plate electrode 2 connects LCR tester 6, LCR tester 6 connects data collecting system 7, weighted platform 5 is connected with Stress Control system 7, and 7 complete in the process of test specimen uniaxial loading, the control of counter stress time started and speed and the synchronous acquisition of stress-strain-resistivity data。
Paste filling material is under 1d, 3d and 7d natural curing state, before peak stress and stress-resistivity matched curve after peak value, sums up under different condition, the mathematical function relationship formula of filler stress and resistivity。Wherein, ρ represents resistivity, and unit Ω m, σ represent stress value, units MPa。
(1) 1d natural curing
Before peak stress: the σ of ρ=1.57742-2.5939σ+7.5795(1)
After peak stress: the σ of ρ=3.0472-6.3518σ+9.4889(2)
(2) 3d natural curing
Before peak stress: the σ of ρ=0.667812-3.3975σ+29.134(3)
After peak stress: ρ=5.2792x σ2-15.331σ+36.393(4)
(3) 7d natural curing
Before peak stress: the σ of ρ=-1.6982+0.57402σ+54.548(5)
After peak stress: the σ of ρ=44.1412-87.346σ+83.2(6)
Step 2: the geologic information according to mining area, utilize obturator early strength computing formula, calculate the stress numerical of obturator early stage suffered overlying rock, and substituted into stress-resistivity quantitative function relational expression that step 1 is determined, draw real resistivity value in obturator different larval instar in early days。
Actual arrangement situation according to new sun coal mine paste filling work surface and overlying rock geological conditions, substitute into obturator early strength computing formula and show that the early strength of obturator is 0.45MPa, and namely the stress of obturator early stage suffered overlying rock is 0.45MPa。This stress value peak stress less than 1d, 3d and 7d, 0.45MPa is substituted into respectively step 1 formula (1), (3), (5), draw by under roof Stress effect, obturator is at the resistivity respectively 6.73 Ω m, 27.74 Ω m and 55.15 Ω m of 1d, 3d and 7d。
Step 3: on the basis that early stage determines each rock stratum of obturator overlying and bottom plate resistance rate score, real resistivity value in obturator different larval instar in early days is drawn according to step 2, utilize RES3DMOD high density forward simulation software, according to geological structure and depth of stratum, and in conjunction with paste body filling working system, stowing interval and filling system ability, set up in filling mining process, obturator, coal body, overlying rock different spatial, and the Resistivity Forward Modelling model in the different curing age of obturator, utilize RES3DINV high density inverse modeling software, calculate apparent resistivity section figure。
To exploit 7d, set up the forward model of 7d, and inverting draws apparent resistivity section figure。Shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4。
Step 4: the length according to the degree of depth in filling operation face and stope, completes the electrode laying on earth's surface。For ensureing that the survey line chosen can truly reflect the change procedure of obturator state in filling mining process, should as far as possible by the location arrangements of survey line on the perpendicular bisector of stope, and take into full account and be arranged in the position that earth's surface is smooth, to reduce the impact that apparent resistivity numerical value is caused by orographic factor。Simultaneously, the investigation depth of design should be 1.5～2.0 times of obturator actual grade, survey line overall length L=H (design investigation depth)+I (filling operation face back production length), thus ensureing that what filling effect was evaluated data volume is enriched, inversion chart picture accurate。The arrangement mode of electrode series is as in figure 2 it is shown, the orientation of electrode and the mining direction in filling operation face are consistent, and the spacing of each electrode is equal, and for ensureing that apparent resistivity section figure has higher resolution, pole span may select 2m, 3m or 5m。After electrode has been arranged, spill some saline to reduce the earth resistance impact on monitoring result at surrounding them。
Shown in Fig. 2, the rear of back production simultaneously, is carried out filling by back production working seam 8, and first obturator the 9, second obturator the 10, the 3rd obturator 11 corresponding age respectively is 1d, 3d, 7d, and obturator is all subject to the vertical stress from top board 12。Evaluate the copper electrode 13 of a series of 1m length of arrangement of measuring-line along filling effect from 5m with fixing point on earth's surface, this converted switch of group electrode is received on test instrunment, adopt the change of apparent resistivity in four-stage device observation stowing operation, wherein A, B are current electrode, M, N, for measuring electrode, have often observed a measuring point, change current electrode by permutator and measure the position of electrode, continue observation, until having surveyed a survey line。
Step 5: filling effect in filling mining process is carried out real-time monitoring and evaluation, and complete the collection of data: will receive on instrument at a distance of one group of electrode (four electrodes) the converted switch for a, change type of device by permutator, once complete the observation of the apparent resistivity of various device forms on this measuring point。The arrangement midpoint of electrode is measuring point。After one measuring point has been observed, by switching next group electrode of automatic transfer, in kind it is observed, until whole piece profiling observation is complete。
Step 6: the data that monitoring is collected process, first some False Intersection Points or catastrophe point in the data received are rejected, then utilize interpolation algorithm to correcting distorted data, and in the process data are carried out interference anomalous identification and carries out noise reduction filtering computing。Theoretical value finally according to forward modelling is respectively adopted different algorithms, draws apparent resistivity section figure by inverting iteration, is analyzed with the apparent resistivity section figure of numerical simulation, completes the evaluation to filling effect。
Filling effect carries out real-time monitoring and evaluation by actual filling mining process, and completes the collection of data, draw the actual apparent resistivity section figure of exploitation 7d。As shown in Figure 5。
The apparent resistivity section figure of actual monitoring and the apparent resistivity section figure of numerical simulation is analyzed, and the exceptions area of reaction is consistent, namely all shows as comparatively significantly low-resistance response abnormality in the position that filling mining is corresponding。Being shown by sample result, resistivity filling effect evaluation methodology achieves and the filling effect in underground filling recovery process carries out on earth's surface monitoring effectively in real time。
Claims (6)
1. the evaluation methodology of a paste body filling effect, it is characterized in that: the resistivity contrasts according to obturator, country rock and coal seam, while down-hole paste body filling is exploited, electrode is laid on earth's surface, utilize the transmitter-receiver device of electric current, complete the collection of data, it is achieved paste body filling exploitation real-time, synchronize effect assessment。
2. the evaluation methodology of paste body filling effect according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: follow these steps to carry out:
(1) the dipole device of room resistivity measurement determines the resistivity that paste filling material changes with age by experiment；
(2) on-the-spot boring, obtains the core of exploit mineral resources, overlying rock and floor strata, and utilizes the resistivity measurement device of step (1) to determine the resistivity of each rock stratum；Or under the premise of known geo-logical terrain structure, determined the resistivity of each rock stratum by the resistivity data of rock stratum；Then the resistivity of the material that step (1) is tested is contrasted, judge to adopt resistivity method feasibility that filling effect is evaluated: if the paste filling material of test at the ratio of the resistivity value specified in age and shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR) numerical value less than 1/5, then can utilize resistivity filling effect assessment method that filling effect is evaluated；If ratio between two is more than 1/5, then owing to difference is inconspicuous, it is impossible to realize the evaluation to filling effect；
(3) stress-resistivity measurement device is utilized, in research uniaxial loading process, the mutual relation of filler test specimen stress and resistivity in different curing age, determine the fit equation of different larval instar stress-resistivity, filling mining mode according to surveyed mining area and strata structure, drawing the stress that obturator is subject to, calculating obturator is real resistivity in down-hole；
(4) set up the resistivity models in filling mining process, use FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS numerical simulation software to carry out numerical simulation computing, and draw apparent resistivity section figure；
(5) determine that filling effect evaluates survey line position and length, complete the site layout project of electrode；
(6) scene arranges the instrument of test resistance rate, filling effect in filling mining process is carried out real-time monitoring and evaluation, and completes the collection of data；
(7) data that monitoring is collected process, and are analyzed with the apparent resistivity section figure of numerical simulation, complete the evaluation to filling effect。
3. the evaluation methodology of paste body filling effect according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (1) and (2), the different paste filling materials of curing age and each rock stratum of overlying of working seam are made the standard specimen of Φ 50 × 100mm, adopts dipole device that the resistivity of test specimen is tested。
4. the evaluation methodology of paste body filling effect according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), adopt the stress-resistivity measurement device of designed, designed, stress-the resistivity of the paste filling material test specimen of different larval instar is tested, sets up the Mathematical Fitting equation of the stress of filler and resistivity in different larval instar；
The structure of described stress-resistivity measurement device is: arrange copper plate electrode at the two ends up and down of cylinder specimen, felt pad is placed between electrode and weighted platform, wire is adopted electrode, LCR tester and resistivity data acquisition system to be connected, Stress Control system, resistivity data acquisition system and stress-strain acquisition system are arranged in same computer, to realize in the process of filler test specimen uniaxial loading, the synchronous acquisition of stress-strain-resistivity data。
5. the evaluation methodology of paste body filling effect according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in described step (5), the orientation of electrode is consistent with the mining direction in filling operation face, and the spacing of each electrode is equal；Described electrode is diameter is 30mm, is highly the copper electrodes of 100mm。
6. the evaluation methodology of paste body filling effect according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (6), the instrument of on-the-spot test resistivity includes main frame and from machine, main frame is by computer, the universal circuit of test instrunment and forms with the interface circuit being connected from machine, its effect be to from machine transmitting control commands, receive from machine feedback signal；It is made up of single-chip microcomputer from machine, is controlled power supply and the measuring state of electrode system by cable；Current electrode and measurement electrode are accessed from machine by electric wire。
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