CN105699271A - Device and method for quantitatively measuring permeable rate of roof tile - Google Patents
Device and method for quantitatively measuring permeable rate of roof tile Download PDFInfo
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- CN105699271A CN105699271A CN201610118413.9A CN201610118413A CN105699271A CN 105699271 A CN105699271 A CN 105699271A CN 201610118413 A CN201610118413 A CN 201610118413A CN 105699271 A CN105699271 A CN 105699271A
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- permeability rate
- roofing tile
- quantitative assay
- round tube
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for quantitatively measuring the permeable rate of a roof tile. The device comprises a base and a round tube, and the round tube is fixedly located in the center of the base. The invention further discloses a method for quantitatively measuring the permeable rate of the roof tile. The method comprises the steps of cleaning a sample to be measured, then drying the sample till the constant weight is reached, conducting cooling, bonding the device for quantitatively measuring the permeable rate of the roof tile to the surface of the sample to be measured through a sealing material, adding water into the device for quantitatively measuring the permeable rate of the roof tile till the zero graduation line is reached, starting timekeeping, sequentially reading the indicated numbers in the round tube at a certain interval, calculating the effective area of the contact area between the device for quantitatively measuring the permeable rate of the roof tile and the tile by measuring two center lines, and calculating the permeable rate. By means of the device, the guarantee is provided for quantitatively studying performance of tiles of historic buildings preserved in China and creating quality evaluation criteria. The method is simple and easy to operate and implement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to permeability rate measurement apparatus technical field, relate to device and the assay method of a kind of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate。
Background technology
The roofing of ancient building is mainly made up of rafter, roof boarding, mud (ash) back of the body, roofing tile etc. from inside to outside。The quality of roofing tile has been largely fixed the quality of roof, particularly the ability such as roofing rainwater-proof, also referred to as impermeability；The physical parameter demarcating the abilities such as roofing tile rainwater-proof is permeability rate, watt permeability rate more high, its waterproof ability is more weak。
In the sintered tiles quality standard that China is existing, the assay method of permeability rate is qualitatively, and the GB/T21149 " sintered tiles " promulgated for 2007 specifies roofing tile anti-permeability performance: the 3h back side produces without water droplet。" the tradition blue bricks grey tile quality inspection reference standard " of Mr.'s Liu great Ke proposition in 2006 detects the anti-permeability performance of roofing tile and is proposed with this qualitative method。This kind of qualitative method needs on tiling construction dash cement mortar dam, and the roofing tile after test can only be discarded, it is impossible to meets the requirement of Preservation of cultural building relics。So, current National Industrial standard can not meet the requirement of growing Preservation of cultural building relics。
Europe adopts quantitative approach to demarcate the quality of roofing tile very early, the European standard DINEN539-1Dachziegelf ü r ü berlappendeVerlegung-BestimmungderphysikalischenEigensch aften-Teil1:Pr ü fungder carried out for 2005The prism that the length of side is 60 ± 5mm is fixed on tiling by regulation, and the permeability rate demarcating qualified watt must be not more than 0.5cm3/cm2/d。
China's ancient building roofing tile is arc, is divided into semicircular tile and pan tile, and change in size is big, and little semicircular tile is the diameter half arc close to 140mm。Therefore, European standard DINEN539 method is not suitable for measuring China's ancient building roofing tile, it is necessary to exploitation is suitable for the instrument that China's ancient building roofing tile permeability is measured, its assay method of scientific definition。
In the eighties in 20th century; Germanization scholar Karsten has invented the Karst bottle (Karsten'sTestTube measuring the coefficient of capillary suction; this specification is called for short K bottle); external diameter is join 155mm graded tube on 50mm (internal diameter is 30mm) clock, is widely applied in masonry historical relic's protection field。For the water absorbing properties of semiquantitative determination sintered brick and tile, inventor once attempts the water absorption rate adopting Karst bottle to measure brick and tile, but, owing to the contact area of Karst bottle Yu brick and tile to be measured is little, cause that measurement error is big。And, Karst bottle and object under test contact surface are plane, cause that it can only implement to measure on flat object under test surface。
Summary of the invention
For this defect lacking the device measuring roofing tile permeability rate in prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide the device of a kind of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate。
It is a further object to provide a kind of method utilizing said apparatus quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate。
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The device of a kind of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate, including base and round tube, described round tube fixes the middle position being positioned at described base。
Described base is the box of a hollow, described box be by above, below, the left side, the right side, six faces of above, below surround。
Described is above a plane, convexity arc surface or matrix cambered surface。
The angle that described convexity arc surface level is protruded is at least 33 °。
The angle of described matrix cambered surface horizontal recess is at least 33 °。
After described, the left side, the right side, above, below be plane。
Described round tube is the pipe of a hollow, and the outer wall of described round tube is provided with graduation mark from the bottom to top。
The material of the device of described quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate is glass or acrylic。
A kind of method utilizing said apparatus quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate, comprises the following steps:
Testing sample is carried out cleaning post-drying to constant weight, cooling, encapsulant is adopted to be bonded in the surface of described testing sample in the device of described quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate, zero graduation line is added water in the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate, start timing, it is successively read registration in round tube at set intervals, the effective area of device with watt contact surface by measuring two middle line computation quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rates, calculate permeability rate。
Described testing sample is ancient building roofing tile or the modern times watt of coincidence measurement requirement。
The temperature of described drying is 85～105 DEG C。
Described encapsulant is Bostik glue (boss's glue) or water-fast plasticine。
Described permeability rate ΤwComputing formula as follows:
TW=Δ Qi/Δti
Wherein:
ΤwFor the permeability rate of testing sample, per hour every square centimeter of permeable amount (measure and calculate with milliliter), unit is ml/cm2/ h；
QiFor the unit are permeable amount of corresponding experimental period point, Qi=(V0-Vi)/A, unit: ml/cm2；
tiFor recording the time of data every time, unit is hour (h)；
V0The volume of water in round tube during for starting, unit is milliliter (ml)；
ViFor the volume of water in corresponding experimental period point round tube, unit is milliliter (ml)；
A is the effective area that the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate contacts with testing sample, and unit is square centimeter (cm2)。
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
Assembly of the invention is the performance of the ancient building watt that quantitative study China remains, and formulates quality evaluation standard and provides guarantee。
The method of the present invention is simple, it is easy to accomplish。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the device of the quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate that the embodiment of the present invention provides。
Fig. 2 is the another kind of structural representation of the device of the quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate that the embodiment of the present invention provides。
Fig. 3 is the yet another construction schematic diagram of the device of the quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate that the embodiment of the present invention provides。
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the result adopting Fig. 1 shown device mensuration roofing tile permeability rate。
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the result adopting Fig. 2 shown device mensuration roofing tile permeability rate。
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the result adopting Fig. 3 shown device mensuration roofing tile permeability rate。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation。
Embodiment 1
The device of a kind of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate, including base 2 and round tube 1, the described fixing middle position being positioned at described base 2 of round tube 1, is that one reverse mould forms。
Described base 2 is the box of a hollow, described box be by above, below, the left side, the right side, six faces of above, below surround。
Described is above a plane, convexity arc surface or matrix cambered surface。Structure time above for plane is as it is shown in figure 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the device of the quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate that the embodiment of the present invention provides。Structure time above for convexity arc surface is as in figure 2 it is shown, Fig. 2 is the another kind of structural representation of the device of the quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate that the embodiment of the present invention provides。Structure time above for matrix cambered surface is as it is shown on figure 3, Fig. 3 is the yet another construction schematic diagram of the device of the quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate that the embodiment of the present invention provides。
The angle that described convexity arc surface level is protruded is at least 33 °。
The angle of described matrix cambered surface horizontal recess is at least 33 °。
After described, the left side, the right side, above, below be plane。
Described round tube 1 is the pipe of a hollow, and the outer wall of described round tube 1 is provided with graduation mark from the bottom to top。
The material of the device of described quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate is glass or acrylic。
When being above plane, described cassette length is 100mm, and width is 40mm, is highly 20mm；The internal diameter of described round tube is 11.3mm, is highly 160mm。
When being above convexity arc surface, described cassette length is 100mm, and it is 33 ° that level protrudes angle, and arc length degree is 40mm, is highly 20mm；The internal diameter of described round tube is 11.3mm, is highly 160mm。
When being above matrix cambered surface, described cassette length is 100mm, and horizontal recess angle is 33 °, and arc length degree is 40mm, is highly 20mm；The internal diameter of described round tube is 11.3mm, is highly 160mm。
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate, comprises the following steps:
Sampling: choose representative ancient building roofing tile or the modern times watt of coincidence measurement requirement, carries out simply cleaning, removes the floating ash in surface etc. its surface；
Dry: the ancient building roofing tile taken is put in 85-105 DEG C of baking oven and dries to constant weight, be cooled to room temperature, choose representative test position；
Fixing: sample to be tested is placed on testing stand, guarantee sample bottom level to be tested, (i.e. device shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the device of the quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate that the embodiment of the present invention provides by permeability rate bottle to adopt encapsulant (such as Bostik glue or water-fast plasticine etc.)。) it being installed on test object sample surfaces to be tested, it is desirable to tack coat stickup is smooth firmly, water-tight；
Record data: quickly add water to zero graduation line in round tube 1, start timing, at set intervals (time point is chosen as: 1min, 3min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min), it is successively read registration in round tube 1, height for guaranteed water level, test process should supplement the water of necessity, every time can not lower than below minimum graduation mark, record unit is cm3；
Effective area calculates: the effective area (part soaked) of device with watt contact surface by measuring two middle line computation quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rates, with square centimeter (cm2) represent；
Permeability rate ΤwCalculating, unit is cm3/cm2/ h, computing formula is as follows:
TW=Δ Qi/Δti
Wherein:
ΤwFor the permeability rate of ancient building roofing tile, per hour every square centimeter of permeable amount (measure and calculate with milliliter), unit is ml/cm2/ h；
QiFor the unit are permeable amount of corresponding experimental period point, Qi=(V0-Vi)/A, unit: ml/cm2；
tiFor recording the time of data every time, unit is hour (h)；
V0The volume of water in round tube during for starting, unit is milliliter (ml)；
ViFor the volume of water in corresponding experimental period point round tube, unit is milliliter (ml)；
A is the effective area that the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate contacts with sample to be tested, and unit is square centimeter (cm2)。
Adopt this instrument, also can survey the capillary water absorption performance of the Inorganic Non-metallic Materials such as brick, stone, ash。
Precision analysis: the factor affecting precision includes water suction area evaluated error, water absorption reading error, time reading error etc., comprehensive analysis, adopts the precision of the measurement device permeability rate of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate provided by the invention can reach 0.01ml/cm2/h。
The result that employing said method measures Foshan liquidus semi-continuous casting roofing tile is as shown in table 1, and as shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the result adopting Fig. 1 shown device mensuration roofing tile permeability rate to the linear relationship of unit are water absorption and time。
Table 1
From the data of table 1 it can be seen that assembly of the invention can be used in measuring the permeability rate in modern times watt, for assessing the water-proof function of its place roofing。
Embodiment 3
The method utilizing the device quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate shown in Fig. 2, identical with the method for embodiment 2, the result adopting western small stream two celestial mausoleum, said method mensuration Lingchuan County, Shanxi Province roofing tile is as shown in table 2, the linear relationship of unit are water absorption and time is as it is shown in figure 5, Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the result adopting Fig. 2 shown device mensuration roofing tile permeability rate。
Table 2
From the data of table 2 it can be seen that assembly of the invention can be used in measuring the permeability rate of pan tile, for assessing the water-proof function of its place roofing。
Embodiment 4
The method utilizing the device quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate shown in Fig. 3, identical with the method for embodiment 2, the result adopting said method mensuration Ding Lin temple, Gaoping City, Shanxi Province roofing tile is as shown in table 3, as shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the result adopting Fig. 3 shown device mensuration roofing tile permeability rate to the linear relationship of unit are water absorption and time。
Table 3
From the data of table 3 it can be seen that the device of invention can be used in measuring the permeability rate of semicircular tile, for assessing the water-proof function of its place roofing。
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is to be understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and apply the present invention。These embodiments obviously easily can be made various amendment by person skilled in the art, and General Principle described herein is applied in other embodiments without through performing creative labour。Therefore, the invention is not restricted to embodiment here, those skilled in the art's announcement according to the present invention, the improvement made without departing from scope and amendment all should within protection scope of the present invention。
Claims (10)
1. the device of a quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate, it is characterised in that: including base and round tube, described round tube fixes the middle position being positioned at described base。
2. the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described base is the box of a hollow, described box be by above, below, the left side, the right side, six faces of above, below surround。
3. the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described is above a plane, convexity arc surface or matrix cambered surface。
4. the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the angle that described convexity arc surface level is protruded is at least 33 °；
Preferably, the angle of described matrix cambered surface horizontal recess is at least 33 °。
5. want the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate described in 2 according to right, it is characterised in that: after described, the left side, the right side, above, below be plane。
6. the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described round tube is the pipe of a hollow, and the outer wall of described round tube is provided with graduation mark from the bottom to top；
Preferably, the material of the device of described quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate is glass or acrylic。
7. the method utilizing the arbitrary described device quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
Testing sample is carried out cleaning post-drying to constant weight, cooling, encapsulant is adopted to be bonded in the surface of described testing sample in the device of described quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate, zero graduation line is added water in the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate, start timing, it is successively read registration in round tube at set intervals, the effective area of device with watt contact surface by measuring two middle line computation quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rates, calculate permeability rate。
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described testing sample is ancient building roofing tile or the modern times watt of coincidence measurement requirement；
Preferably, the temperature of described drying is 85～105 DEG C。
9. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described encapsulant is Bostik glue or water-fast plasticine。
10. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described permeability rate ΤwComputing formula as follows:
TW=Δ Qi/Δti
Wherein:
ΤwFor the permeability rate of testing sample, per hour every square centimeter of permeable amount (measure and calculate with milliliter), unit is ml/cm2/ h；
QiFor the unit are permeable amount of corresponding experimental period point, Qi=(V0-Vi)/A, unit: ml/cm2；
tiFor recording the time of data every time, unit is hour (h)；
V0The volume of water in round tube during for starting, unit is milliliter (ml)；
ViFor the volume of water in corresponding experimental period point round tube, unit is milliliter (ml)；
A is the effective area that the device of quantitative assay roofing tile permeability rate contacts with testing sample, and unit is square centimeter (cm2)。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610118413.9A CN105699271A (en) | 2016-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | Device and method for quantitatively measuring permeable rate of roof tile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610118413.9A CN105699271A (en) | 2016-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | Device and method for quantitatively measuring permeable rate of roof tile |
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| CN105699271A true CN105699271A (en) | 2016-06-22 |
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| CN201610118413.9A Pending CN105699271A (en) | 2016-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | Device and method for quantitatively measuring permeable rate of roof tile |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106290110A (en) * | 2016-08-14 | 2017-01-04 | 闻建华 | A kind of mosaic tiles water-proof performance testing apparatus |
| CN107782651A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-09 | 厦门美益集团有限公司 | A kind of water-permeable brick permeability rate assay method |
| CN109342286A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-02-15 | 北京市水科学技术研究院 | A kind of permeable pavement ground water permeability on-the-spot test method and device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106290110A (en) * | 2016-08-14 | 2017-01-04 | 闻建华 | A kind of mosaic tiles water-proof performance testing apparatus |
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| CN109342286A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-02-15 | 北京市水科学技术研究院 | A kind of permeable pavement ground water permeability on-the-spot test method and device |
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Application publication date: 20160622 |