CN105699053B - Accurate measurement laser linewidth device and method based on circulation self-heterodyne interferometry - Google Patents
Accurate measurement laser linewidth device and method based on circulation self-heterodyne interferometry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of accurate measurement laser linewidth device and methods based on circulation self-heterodyne interferometry, the device includes narrow linewidth laser, and the narrow linewidth laser is connected with isolator, the first Y type coupler, the first frequency shifter, the 2nd Y type coupler, photodetector and frequency spectrograph in turn by optical fiber；X-coupler is also connected with by optical fiber between the first Y type coupler and the 2nd Y type coupler；The X-coupler also passes through optical fiber and successively connect with attenuator, the second frequency shifter, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, fiber band-pass filter, polarization-maintaining device and to form closed loop.The present invention is the circulation self-heterodyne interference technique based on loss balancing, and the shorter fiber delay line of use can accurately measure out the laser linewidth of Asia kHz magnitude without complicated theoretical modeling and accurate system parameter settings.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to spectral measurement methods fields, are related to a kind of device and method of accurate measurement laser linewidth, especially
It is a kind of based on circulation self-heterodyne interferometry, the device and method of accurate measurement laser linewidth is reached using frequency spectrum isolation technics.
Background technique
A kind of means of the narrow-linewidth laser as high-accuracy measurement, have important and wide in scientific research and technical field
General application, such as light clock, high-accuracy spectrum, coherent communication, laser ranging.The line width or coherence length of laser are to these systems
Noiseproof feature, measurement distance, accuracy and sensitivity etc. play decisive role.Therefore the line width of narrow laser is carried out high-precision
Degree measurement seems most important.Currently, the measurement method of spectral line width substantially there are three types of: spectrometer measurement method, filter scan
Method, beat frequency method.It is traditional based on grating spectrograph and filter scan method but when the line width of laser reaches kHz magnitude
Measurement Resolution has been unable to meet needed for experiment.Heterodyne beat method is a kind of measurement super-narrow line width ideal method, available
Satisfied resolution ratio.Wherein, the laser linewidth measuring technique based on delay self-heterodyne method is most widely used, because it is not
Need other one same even more steady laser as reference light source.
In recent years, lot of domestic and international group carries out deep theoretical research and experiment spy for self-heterodyne measurement laser linewidth
Rope.Japanese scholars T.Okoshi in 1980 is put forward for the first time delay self-heterodyne method (DSHI) measurement laser linewidth, and obtains 50kHz
Resolution ratio.In this kind of scheme, the length of fiber delay line is greater than six times or more of laser coherence length, beat signal ability
The line width of correct reflection measured laser.Therefore for the narrow linewidth laser of the kHz magnitude largely used at present, measurement swashs
Fibre delay line required for optical linewidth may need kilometers up to a hundred, this makes entire test macro bulky, additional noise
Increase, limits its application in the measurement of ultra-narrow laser linewidth.
1986, the principle of L.E.Richter theoretically analytical derivation delay self-heterodyne method measurement laser linewidth, and
It proposes to be delayed using short fiber, measures laser linewidth under conditions of fiber delay time is much smaller than 6 times of laser coherence time.?
In this kind of scheme, theoretical spectral pattern can not match with experimental spectrum shape well, while embody the delta function peak of coherence
It will affect the reading of actual linewidth, the final accuracy for influencing data.
1992, J.W.Dawson proposed a kind of loop self-heterodyne interferometer (LC-RDSHI) survey using loss balancing
Measure the scheme of laser linewidth.DSHI system is compared, the laser in this scheme can be recycled repeatedly in the loop, thus very effective
Reduce the length of time delay optical fiber.2006, X.P.Chen et al. measured laser linewidth using LC-RDSHI method in an experiment for the first time,
Analysis corrections finally are carried out to measurement result, obtaining laser linewidth is about 700Hz.But this experimental program needs each to system
A parameter carries out stringent selection and carefully debugging, could reduce the cross-coupling that light pair is interfered in loop, to improve high-order bat
The signal-to-noise ratio of frequency spectrum.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of based on circulation self-heterodyne interferometry
Accurate measurement laser linewidth device and method, has the characteristics that easy to operate, high s/n ratio and low cost.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Present invention firstly provides a kind of accurate measurement laser linewidth devices based on circulation self-heterodyne interferometry, including narrow line
Wide laser, the narrow linewidth laser are connected with isolator, the first Y type coupler, the first frequency shifter, in turn by optical fiber
Two Y type couplers, photodetector and frequency spectrograph；Between the first Y type coupler and the 2nd Y type coupler also by optical fiber
It is connected with X-coupler；The X-coupler also pass through optical fiber successively with attenuator, the second frequency shifter, Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
Device, fiber band-pass filter, polarization-maintaining device connect to form closed loop.
Further, the end a of above-mentioned X-coupler is connected to the output end of the first Y type coupler, and the end c of X-coupler connects
It is connected to the input terminal of the 2nd Y type coupler.
Further, the end d of above-mentioned X-coupler is connected to the input terminal of attenuator, the end b of X-coupler and polarization-maintaining device
Output end connection.
The output end of above-mentioned second frequency shifter and the input terminal of erbium-doped fiber amplifier connect.
A kind of method that the present invention also proposes accurate measurement laser linewidth based on above-mentioned apparatus, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the light of measured laser device output is divided into two parts by the first Y type coupler, and a part is used as reference light,
Enter the 2nd Y type coupler through the first frequency shifter；Another part is as signal light, into being connected by the both ends X-coupler b, d
In the self-loopa optical path of formation；The time delayed signal light of n times circulation is exported by the end c of X-coupler, and is entered the 2nd Y type and coupled
Device carries out interference beat frequency from the reference light of different propagation paths, and the photoelectricity of laser is obtained by photodetector and frequency spectrograph
Flow pattern density.When the delay time of fiber optic loop is much larger than the coherence time of laser, optogalvanic spectra density can reflect laser
Line width.
Step 2: utilizing Voigt spectral pattern analysis, extract measurement error caused by 1/f, correct measurement result.
The invention has the following advantages:
Accurate measurement laser linewidth device and method of the present invention is the circulation self-heterodyne interference technique based on loss balancing, is adopted
Asia kHz amount can be accurately measured out without complicated theoretical modeling and accurate system parameter settings with shorter fiber delay line
The laser linewidth of grade.
Further, the present invention is by the output light of tested narrow linewidth laser by being coupled after isolator by first Y type
Device is divided into two-way: light enters second Y type coupler as reference light after frequency shifter frequency displacement all the way；Another way light conduct
Signal light enters in the self-loopa optical path constituted that joined end to end by X-coupler, reaches after recycling in optical fiber loop m times
Two Y type couplers, and in its output end and photosynthetic beam interferometer is referred to, finally interfere beat signal input detector and frequency spectrum point
Analyzer carries out signal detection and analysis.When the delay inequality of the two different paths light beams is much larger than the coherence time of laser, it
Interference beat signal just can correctly reflect the line width of measured laser device.Reference light and signal light are moved respectively in optical fiber loop
Frequently, and the shift frequency amount of reference light is not equal to the integral multiple of signal light shift frequency, is not necessarily to the parameter of detailed computing system in this way,
Measurement error caused by interference optical signal is eliminated in separation, to obtain the wire width measuring value of narrow linewidth laser with high accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of laser linewidth measuring device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the 10 rank beat signals that traditional LC-RDSHI method measures；
Fig. 3 is the 10 rank beat signals that apparatus of the present invention measure；
Fig. 4 is Voigt spectral pattern to experimental data correction result；
Wherein: 1 narrow linewidth laser, 2 isolators, 3 the oneth Y type couplers, 4 first frequency shifters, 5X type coupler, 6 decline
Subtract device, 7 second frequency shifters；8 erbium-doped fiber amplifiers；9 fiber band-pass filters；10 polarization-maintaining devices；11 the 2nd Y type couplers；12
Photodetector；13 frequency spectrographs.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Referring to Fig. 1: present invention firstly provides a kind of accurate measurement laser linewidth dresses based on circulation self-heterodyne interferometry: packet
Narrow linewidth laser 1 is included, the narrow linewidth laser 1 is connected with isolator 2, the first Y type coupler 3, in turn by optical fiber
One frequency shifter 4, the 2nd Y type coupler 11, photodetector 12 and frequency spectrograph 13；The first Y type coupler 3 and the 2nd Y type
X-coupler 5 is also connected with by optical fiber between coupler 11；The X-coupler 5 also by optical fiber successively with attenuator 6,
Second frequency shifter 7, erbium-doped fiber amplifier 8, fiber band-pass filter 9, the connection of polarization-maintaining device 10 form closed loop.The X-type
The end a of coupler 5 is connected to the output end of the first Y type coupler 3, and the end c of X-coupler 5 is connected to the 2nd Y type coupler 11
Input terminal.The end d of the X-coupler 5 is connected to the input terminal of attenuator 6, the end b and the polarization-maintaining device 10 of X-coupler 5
Output end connection.The output end of second frequency shifter 7 is connect with the input terminal of erbium-doped fiber amplifier 8.
Based on above-mentioned apparatus, a kind of method that the present invention proposes accurate measurement laser linewidth, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the output light of tested narrow linewidth laser is by being divided into two by first Y type coupler after isolator
Road: light enters second Y type coupler through the first frequency shifter (frequency shift amount Λ) as local reference light all the way；Another way light is made
Enter one for signal light and joined end to end by X-coupler and is recycled in the delay loop constituted.Loop includes the second frequency shifter (frequency
Shifting amount Ω), fiber optic loop (delay τ0), erbium-doped fiber amplifier, fiber band-pass filter and Polarization Controller.Optical fiber loop
In, the every circulation primary of signal light all shift frequency Ω and the τ that is delayed0.Second Y type coupling is reached after signal light recycles m times in the loop
Clutch, and in its output end and photosynthetic beam interferometer is referred to, finally interfere beat signal input detector and spectrum analyzer to carry out
Signal detection and analysis.When the delay inequality of the two different paths light beams is much larger than the coherence time of laser, reference light and letter
Number light is equivalent to respectively from two independent light sources, their interference beat signal just can correctly reflect the line of measured laser device
It is wide.
Step 2: Voigt fitting being carried out to experimental data using origin software, measurement caused by removal 1/f noise misses
Difference corrects measurement result.
The present invention avoids that modulated interferer, to propose high-resolution working principle as described below:
After the first frequency shifter shift frequency Λ, electric field may be expressed as: laser beam as reference light
E1(t)∝ exp[jφ(t)]expj(Λt) (1)
(every circulation primary, signal light field delay τ after laser beam as signal light enters optical fiber loop delay loop m times0
And shift frequency Ω), final signal light field is represented by
Wherein
cn=γn/2exp[jn(n-1)Ωτ0/ 2], n=0,1,2 ...
γ=α β
α is the coupling efficiency (0≤α≤1) of coupler 3, and β is the total actual gain of loop.
The superimposed light field of interference is at coupler 2
Photoelectric current is converted to by photodetector, photo-current intensity signal is
Wherein
For DC terms,
The beat frequency item between circulation m times signal light and reference light, center angular frequency are m Ω Λ.
The beat frequency item between m interfering beam is differed for circulation order, centre frequency is m Ω.
(4) formula shows that photoelectric current includes a series of beat signal of frequency-distributeds, and the center angular frequency of these signals is m
Ω, m Ω-Λ (m rank beat signal), then the photoelectric current size that m rank beat signal is formed are
Photoelectric current auto-correlation function is
Above formula is unfolded, after seeking its Fourier's series and going DC component, the power spectrum of the photoelectric current of m rank can be obtained
Spending function is
Wherein, S0(ω,mτ0, m Ω-Λ) and the power spectral density (center of beat frequency between circulation m times signal light and reference light
Frequency m Ω-Λ, be delayed m τ0), Ss(ω,mτ0, m Ω) and it is that circulation order differs between m interfering beam or m rank circulation light beam
(center m Ω, be delayed the power spectral density spectrum of beat frequency m τ between optical fiber stray light0), therefore, the beat signal (m Ω-Λ) of m rank
It is separated with the interference (m Ω) of circulation light interfascicular, spectral pattern is no longer influenced by the modulation of periodic function, avoids loop interference signal and claps
The cross-coupling of frequency signal improves measurement accuracy.Work as τc< < m τ0When, reference light and signal light are equivalent to respectively from two solely
Vertical light source, S0(ω,mτ0, m Ω-Λ) and it is stringent Lorentzian type, the line width of its spectrum width characterization laser is (for measured laser line
Wide twice).In an experiment, by -10dB the spectrum width of beat frequency curve divided byThe line width of testing laser device is calculated.
The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
Embodiment:
As shown in Fig. 1, the system based on circulation self-heterodyne method measurement laser linewidth in the present embodiment is by with lower component
Composition:
Laser: Commercial fibers laser, central wavelength 1550nm, line width Δ ν are about that 1kHz or so (is surveyed from product
Examination report)；
Isolator: isolation 30dB prevents light feedback from causing to damage to laser；
Coupler 1:Y type, splitting ratio 10:90；
Coupler 2:Y type, splitting ratio 10:90；
Coupler 3:X type, splitting ratio 90:10；
Frequency shifter f1: acousto-optic modulator frequency shift value Λ=50MHz；
Frequency shifter f2: acousto-optic modulator frequency shift value Ω=40MHz；
Attenuator: the optical power of circulation optical path is adjusted, while reducing fiber optic noise in optical fiber loop (such as parasitic noise)；
Fiber optic loop: fiber lengths 20km, be delayed 100us (τ0=nL/c), decay 4dB, is wound on by symmetric form
On aluminum fiber reel；
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA): adjustable gain, maximum gain 28dB, maximal input -7dBm, maximum noise
5dB, for compensating laser power loss after fiber optic loop；
Fiber band-pass filter: central wavelength 1550nm, bandwidth 50GHz make an uproar for rejective amplifier amplified spontaneous emission
Sound；
Polarization Controller: the polarization of control signal light field；
PD: photodetector, bandwidth about 1.5GHz；
Frequency spectrograph: to measure beat frequency power spectrum.
The positional relationship of above-mentioned device and signal flow direction are as described below: the light of measured laser device output passes through isolator
Afterwards, two parts are divided by first Y type coupler, a part of (10%) is used as reference light, enters second through 1 shift frequency of frequency shifter
Y type coupler: another part (90%) is used as signal light, is divided into two bundles through X-coupler: a part of signal light is exported from the end c,
Main signal light, which then enters, to be connected and in the self-loopa optical path that is formed by the both ends X-coupler b, d.Loop include frequency shifter,
Fiber optic loop, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, fiber band-pass filter and Polarization Controller.In loop, the every circulation primary of signal light is all
Shift frequency 40MHz and the τ that is delayed0.M signal light of circulation can be exported by the end c of coupler 3, and entrance coupler 2 and reference light into
Row interference beat frequency, the optogalvanic spectra density of laser is obtained finally by photodetector and frequency spectrograph.When the delay of fiber optic loop
Time (m τ0) it is much larger than the coherence time τ of laserc=1/ π Δ ν, the optogalvanic spectra density detected can reflect laser
Line width.In order to reduce noise outside ring (noises such as sound, vibration, temperature, air-flow) to the dry around whole device is put of test macro
In the sound proof box for being enclosed with heat-preservation cotton.
In traditional LC-RDSHI scheme, it is suitable that the key that can system accurately measure ultra-narrow laser linewidth is to set
System parameter.Figure two show influence of the different loop gains to the 10th rank beat signal power spectral density.Such as reduce ring
When the gain of road, interference effect can make beat signal occur being recessed or situations such as spike (shown in Fig. 2 a, c).Only parameter is suitable,
Power spectral pattern just can avoid the modulation of interference effect (shown in Fig. 2 b).The present invention is directly separated light by optimization design experimental program
Distracter is composed, the selection and debugging of parameter is saved, directly obtains the high-order beat signal of high s/n ratio.As shown in figure 3, reducing ring
The spectral pattern of the gain on road, the 10th rank beat signal does not have significant change.
When self-heterodyne method measures kHz laser linewidth, long delay line will lead to Gaussian noise contribution and become larger, so that directly
The spectral line width for connecing reading is greater than true line width.In an experiment, Voigt fitting is carried out to experimental data using origin software, gone
Except the gauss component in spectral pattern, to reduce measurement error.
Voigt function may be expressed as:
G is normalized Gaussian, Δ νGFFor its full width at half maximum, L is normalized Lorentzian type, Δ νGFFor its half height
Overall with.
When self-heterodyne method measures line width, assume that line width to deriving from quantum noise (i.e. spontaneous radiation causes).But
Actual conditions are that the spectrum of most of super-narrow line width lasers is not stringent Lorentz lorentz's type, but mix white noise
Lorentz lorentz's type of sound and the Gaussian (such as pump noise, acoustic noise) of 1/f noise class, this will lead to the volume of self-heterodyne spectral pattern
Widen outside, a complicated Voigt spectral pattern is presented.When laser linewidth is wider, the fiber delay line needed is shorter, Gauss
Type noise influences less measurement result, but when laser linewidth is more and more narrow, when the delay line for needing to grow very much, Gaussian noise
Ingredient becomes larger, so that the spectral line width directly read is greater than true line width, large error occurs.In this case, it is composed using Voigt
Type Fitting Analysis is extracted the gauss component in spectral pattern, is modified to frequency spectrum, to reduce measurement error.Fig. 4 is to utilize
Voigt spectral pattern is fitted analysis to 20 rank laser power spectrum densities, and obtaining laser Lorentz line width is 0.92kHz, is slightly less than
The line width values directly read by experimental observation spectral patternTest obtain laser linewidth with
Laser beat frequency line width (reporting from product test) is almost the same.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of accurate measurement laser linewidth device based on circulation self-heterodyne interferometry, which is characterized in that swash including narrow linewidth
Light device (1), the narrow linewidth laser (1) are connected with isolator (2), the first Y type coupler (3), first in turn by optical fiber
Frequency shifter (4), the 2nd Y type coupler (11), photodetector (12) and frequency spectrograph (13)；The first Y type coupler (3) and
X-coupler (5) are also connected with by optical fiber between 2nd Y type coupler (11)；The X-coupler (5) also passes through optical fiber
Successively with attenuator (6), the second frequency shifter (7), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (8), fiber band-pass filter (9), polarization-maintaining device (10)
Connection forms closed loop；The end a of the X-coupler (5) is connected to the output end of the first Y type coupler (3), X-type coupling
The end c of device (5) is connected to the input terminal of the 2nd Y type coupler (11)；The end d of the X-coupler (5) is connected to attenuator
(6) end b of input terminal, X-coupler (5) is connect with the output end of polarization-maintaining device (10).
2. the accurate measurement laser linewidth device according to claim 1 based on circulation self-heterodyne interferometry, feature exist
In the output end of second frequency shifter (7) is connect with the input terminal of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (8).
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| CN106092519B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-09-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | Short delay laser linewidth measuring system based on electro-optical feedback and its measurement method |
| CN108760251A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-06 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of laser linewidth measuring device using cycle delay self-heterodyne structure |
| CN110118643B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-10-16 | 华中科技大学 | Laser line width measuring method and device for power spectrum double-characteristic parameter extraction |
| CN111537200B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Device and method for measuring laser line width based on cyclic self-heterodyne method |
| CN113091901A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-09 | 雄安创新研究院 | Wavelength coding laser spectrum line width testing device and testing method thereof |
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