CN105697138A - 用于工作机的机电传动链 - Google Patents

用于工作机的机电传动链 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105697138A
CN105697138A CN201511034377.XA CN201511034377A CN105697138A CN 105697138 A CN105697138 A CN 105697138A CN 201511034377 A CN201511034377 A CN 201511034377A CN 105697138 A CN105697138 A CN 105697138A
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China
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
internal combustion
mechanical
storage circuit
transmission chain
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CN201511034377.XA
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CN105697138B (zh
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基莫·劳玛
泰罗·耶尔韦莱宁
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Danfoss Editron Oy
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Visedo Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/06—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/26—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3005—Details not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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    • B60L2240/443—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于工作机的机电传动链。机电传动链包括：电机(101)，其可连接到内燃机和机械负载；存储电路(104)，用于存储电能；电功率转换器(109)，用于在存储电路和电机之间传输电能；和控制系统(110)，用于控制内燃机和电功率转换器。控制系统响应于机械负载的功率需求高于内燃机的有利功率范围的峰值负载情况，控制电功率转换器从存储电路向电机传输电能。控制系统在峰值负载情况期间限制内燃机的燃料供给，以便由于峰值负载情况，抑制燃料消耗增加。

Description

用于工作机的机电传动链
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机电传动链，其可以是例如工作机的一部分。此外，本发明涉及用于控制机电传动链的方法和计算机程序。此外，本发明涉及工作机。
背景技术
机电传动链通常包括一个或多个电机和一个或多个电功率转换器。机电传动链可以是串联传输链，其中电机中的一个作为发电机运行，并且一个或多个电功率转换器设置为将发电机产生的电压转换为具有适于一个或多个其它电机的幅值和频率的电压。发电机可以用内燃机驱动，内燃机可以是例如柴油发动机、奥托循环发动机或涡轮发动机。其它电机可以是例如设置为驱动车轮、履带和/或其它机械负载的电动马达。机电传动链也可以是并联传输链，其中机械连接到内燃机的电机有时作为发电机运行，给存储电路充电用于存储电能，并且有时作为从存储电路接收电能的马达运行，并且当需要高的机械输出功率时，辅助内燃机。也有可能机电传动链为组合的串-并联传输链，使得一个或多个电机机械地连接到内燃机和机械负载，并且一个或多个其它电机被配置为以与串联传输链相同的方式驱动其它机械负载。
如上所述的那种机电传动链相比传统的机械传动链更为有利，因为，例如，内燃机的运行区域可以从内燃机的运行效率的视角出发更自由地做出选择，从而可以实现节省燃料成本。然而，在并联传输链中，内燃机的运行区域不能像在串联传输链中那样自由地选择，因为在并联传输链中，电机机械地连接到内燃机和机械负载，并且因此机械负载所需的旋转速度也决定了内燃机的转速。内燃机的燃料消耗趋于增加，尤其在这样的峰值负载情况下，机械负载的动力需求高于其中内燃机在或者至少接近其最佳运行效率的功率范围。
发明内容
下面给出简化概述，以便提供对各种发明实施例的一些方面的基本理解。该概述不是本发明的广泛综述。它既不旨在标识本发明的关键或重要要素，也不描绘本发明的范围。以下概述仅仅在本发明的示例性实施例的更加详细的描述之前以简单的形式呈现本发明的一些概念。
根据本发明，提供了一种新的机电传动链，其可以是例如工作机的一部分。根据本发明的机电传动链包括：
-电机，其具有与内燃机的轴和将要驱动的机械负载转矩传递连接的转子，内燃机的运行效率在内燃机产生的功率处于预先确定的功率范围内时比在内燃机产生的功率高于预先确定的功率范围时更好，
-存储电路，用于存储电能，
-电功率转换器，用于在存储电路和电机之间传输电能，和
-控制系统，用于控制内燃机和电功率转换器。
控制系统被配置为响应于机械负载的功率需求高于预定的功率范围的峰值负载情况，控制电功率转换器从存储电路向电机传输电能，以便将内燃机产生的功率保持在预先确定的功率范围内。控制系统进一步被配置为在峰值负载情况期间限制内燃机的燃料供给，以便响应于峰值负载情况，抑制内燃机的燃料消耗增加。预先确定的功率范围有利地为内燃机运行在或至少接近其最佳运行效率的功率范围。
燃料供给的限制补偿许多内燃机的固有属性，以增加其在旋转速度将要增加的峰值负载情况下，它们的燃料消耗。例如，在旋转速度增加的典型的峰值负载情况下，如果每个工作冲程的喷射量保持恒定或增加，则通过柴油发动机的喷射泵的燃料流速增加。燃料消耗的时间平均值可以通过减少每个工作冲程的喷射量，并且在峰值负载情况下，在电机的帮助下，通过从存储电路获取所需的额外功率，并且当机械负载的功率需求低于其中内燃机运行在或至少接近其最佳运行效率的功率范围时，通过给存储电路充电来降低。
根据本发明，还提供了一种新的工作机，其可以是例如但不必须是拖拉机、斗式装料机、压路机、挖掘机、推土机、石头破碎机或木材削片机。根据本发明的工作机包括：
-内燃机，
-要用机械功率驱动的功能元件，和
-根据本发明的机电传动链。
机电传动链的电机的转子与内燃机的轴和功能元件转矩传递连接。
工作机的上述功能元件可以是例如工作机的液压系统的液压泵。液压系统可被配置为驱动工作机的一个或多个致动器，例如斗式装料机的铲斗或操作挖掘机的旋转基座的液压马达。在这种情况下，工作机有利地包括液体冷却系统，其被设置为冷却液压系统和机电传动链。
根据本发明，还提供了一种新方法，用于控制机电传动链，该机电传动链包括：
-电机，其具有与内燃机的轴和将要驱动的机械负载转矩传递连接的转子，内燃机的运行效率在内燃机产生的功率处于预先确定的功率范围内时比在内燃机产生的功率高于预先确定的功率范围时更好，
-存储电路，用于存储电能，和
-电功率转换器，用于在存储电路和电机之间传输电能。
根据本发明的方法，包括：
-控制电功率转换器响应于机械负载的功率需求高于预先确定的功率范围的峰值负载情况，从存储电路向电机传输电能，以便将内燃机产生的功率保持在预先确定的功率范围内，并且
-在峰值负载情况期间限制内燃机的燃料供给，以便响应于峰值负载情况，抑制内燃机的燃料消耗增加。
根据本发明，还提供了一种新的计算机程序，用于控制上述的机电传动链。根据本发明的计算机程序包括计算机可执行指令，用于控制可编程处理系统：
-控制电功率转换器响应于机械负载的功率需求高于内燃机的预先确定的功率范围的峰值负载情况，从存储电路向电机传输电能，以便将内燃机产生的功率保持在预先确定的功率范围内，并且
-在峰值负载情况期间限制内燃机的燃料供给，以便响应于峰值负载情况，抑制内燃机的燃料消耗增加。
根据本发明的计算机程序产品包括非易失性计算机可读介质，例如光盘“CD”，编码有根据本发明的计算机程序。
本发明的多个示例性和非限制实施例在所附的从属权利要求中描述。
本发明的各种示例性和非限制实施例关于构造和运行方法，以及另外的目的和其优点，在结合附图阅读时将从具体示例性和非限制实施例的以下描述中最好地理解。
动词“包括”和“包含”在本文中用作开放性限制，既不排除也不需要存在未列举特征。从属权利要求中所列特征可以相互自由组合，除非另有明确说明。此外，要理解的是，使用“一”或“一个”，即单数形式，在本文中不排除多个。
附图说明
本发明的示例性和非限制实施例及其优点，将根据实例并参考附图进行更详细的描述，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的机电传动链的示意图，
图2示出了根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的用于控制机电传动链的方法的流程图，以及
图3示出了根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的工作机的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的机电传动链的示意图。机电传动链包括电机101，其具有与内燃机102的轴和将被驱动的机械负载103转矩传递连接的转子。内燃机102可以是例如柴油发动机、奥托循环发动机或涡轮发动机。电机101可以是例如电励磁同步电机、永磁同步电机、或感应电机。机械负载103可以是例如液压系统的液压泵。在图1所示的示例性情况下，电机101的转子直接连接到内燃机102的轴和机械负载103。然而，也有可能是在电机和内燃机之间和/或在电机和机械负载之间存在齿轮。机电传动链包括用于存储电能的存储电路104。在图1所示的示例性情况下，存储电路104包括电容电路105，其中电容电路105存储的电能E正比于电压UDC的平方，即E＝1/2CUDC 2，其中C是电容电路105的电容。电容电路105可包括双电层电容器“EDLC”106，以便增加电容电路的能量存储容量。EDLC有时被称为“超级电容器”。在另一些情况下，存储电路可以包括电感电路，其中所存储的电能为1/2LI2，其中L是电感电路的电感，并且I为电感电路的电流。存储电路104可以进一步包括电池元件107和可控直流电压转换器108，用于在电容电路105和电池元件107之间传输电能。机电传动链包括电功率转换器109，用于在存储电路104和电机101之间传输电能。机电传动链包括控制系统110，用于控制内燃机102和电功率转换器109。控制系统110被配置为控制电功率转换器109，使得电机101有时作为向存储电路104充电的发电机运行，并且有时作为从存储电路104接收电能的马达运行，并在需要高的机械输出功率时，辅助内燃机102。控制系统110被配置为控制电功率转换器109从存储电路104向电机101传输电能，特别是在机械负载103的功率需求高于内燃机的有利的功率范围的峰值负载情况下。有利的功率范围是内燃机102工作在，或至少接近，其最佳运行效率的功率范围。有利的功率范围通常取决于内燃机的转速。控制系统110被配置为在峰值负载情况下，限制内燃机102的燃料供给，以便在峰值负载情况下抑制内燃机的燃料消耗增加。上述的运行效率可以表示为，例如，内燃机的机械功率与内燃机的燃料消耗的比率。例如，燃料消耗可以以克每秒表示。
在根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的机电传动链中，控制系统110被配置为在峰值负载情况期间中断内燃机102的燃料供给。
在根据本发明的另一个示例性和非限制实施例的机电传动链中，控制系统110被配置为在峰值负载情况期间将内燃机的燃料消耗限制为与其中内燃机102工作在或至少接近其最佳运行效率的有利的功率范围内的燃料消耗基本相同。
在图1所示的示例性情况下，机械负载103假定为根据速度参考S_ref和转矩驱动，从而供给到机械负载103的功率根据机械负载103的特性确定。功能块111基于速度参考S_ref和旋转速度和/或位置指示器113的输出信号，产生用于内燃机102的第一控制信号C_eng和用于电功率转换器109的第二控制信号C_EM。可以产生控制信号C_eng和C_EM，例如，使得当送往机械负载103的机械功率P_load在预先确定的最小和最大值Pmin和Pmax之间时，电机产生的机械功率P_EM为零，并且在P_load＞Pmax时，P_EM＝P_load-Pmax，并在P_load＜Pmin时，P_EM＝P_load-Pmin。因此，当需要高的机械功率，即P_load＞Pmax时，P_EM为正，从而电机101作为马达运行并辅助内燃机102，而当仅需要低的机械功率，即P_load＜Pmin时，P_EM为负，从而电机101作为发电机运行并向存储电路104充电。预先确定的值Pmin和Pmax和内燃机102和电机101之间的机械功率P_load的划分有利地依赖于旋转速度，因为内燃机102的有利的功率范围通常取决于旋转速度，而内燃机102在低转速下产生高机械功率的能力是有限的。此外，机械功率的划分有利地取决于电池元件107的充电状态和/或存储电路104的电压UDC。
在旋转速度已经增加并且机械负载103的功率需求高于内燃机102的有利的功率范围的峰值负载情况下，机械功率P_load可以在内燃机102和电机101之间划分，以便将内燃机产生的机械功率P_eng限制为至多P_frozen，其中P_frozen为峰值负载情况刚开始之前，内燃机的机械功率，即内燃机的机械功率限制为至多峰值负载情况之前的水平。这种用于减少燃料消耗的方法是可能的，如果，在峰值负载情况下，存储电路104存在足够量的可用电能。否则，与峰值负载情况相关的功率需求必须通过增加内燃机102的功率覆盖。
图1所示的示例性机电传动链还包括连接到机械负载115的另一电机114。使用电功率转换器116，基于转矩参考T_ref和旋转速度和/或位置指示器117的输出信号控制电机114。因此，图1所示的示例性机电传动链为组合的串-并联传输链，使得电机101机械连接至内燃机102和机械负载103，并且其它电机被配置为以与串联传输链相同的方式驱动其它机械负载115。
控制系统110可实现为一个或多个处理器电路，每个处理器电路可以是设有适当的软件的可编程处理器电路、专用硬件处理器，例如专用集成电路“ASIC”或可配置硬件处理器，例如现场可编程门阵列“FPGA”。此外，控制系统110可包括一个或多个存储器电路，例如随机存取存储器“RAM”电路。
图2示出了根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的用于控制机电传动链的方法的流程图，该机电传动链包括：
-电机，具有与内燃机的轴和将要驱动的机械负载转矩传递连接的转子，
-存储电路，用于存储电能，和
-电功率转换器，用于在存储电路和电机之间传输电能。
该方法包括以下动作：
-动作201：控制电功率转换器响应于机械负载的功率需求高于内燃机的预先确定的功率范围的峰值负载情况，从存储电路向电机传输电能，和
-动作202：在峰值负载情况期间限制内燃机的燃料供给，以便响应于峰值负载情况，抑制内燃机的燃料消耗增加。
预先确定的功率范围有利地为其中内燃机运行在或至少接近其最佳运行效率的功率范围。
在根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的方法中，动作202包括在峰值负载情况期间，中断内燃机的燃料供给。
在根据本发明的另一个示例性和非限制实施例的方法中，动作202包括在峰值负载情况期间，将内燃机的燃料消耗限制为与预先确定的功率范围的燃料消耗基本相同。
根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的用于控制机电传动链的计算机程序包括用于控制可编程处理系统执行根据本发明的任何上述示例性实施例的方法的计算机可执行指令。
根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的计算机程序包括软件模块，用于控制机电传动链，该机电传动链包括：
-电机，具有连接到内燃机的轴和将要驱动的机械负载的转子轴，
-存储电路，用于存储电能，和
-电功率转换器，用于在存储电路和电机之间传输电能。
软件模块包括用于控制可编程处理系统的计算机可执行指令：
-响应于机械负载的功率需求高于内燃机的预先确定的功率范围的峰值负载情况，控制电功率转换器从存储电路向电机传输电能，并且
-在峰值负载情况期间，限制内燃机的燃料供给，以便响应于峰值负载情况，抑制内燃机的燃料消耗增加。
软件模块可以例如是通过合适的编程语言和适于编程语言的编译器以及所考虑的可编程处理系统来实现的子程序或函数。值得一提的是，对应于合适的编程语言的源代码也表示计算机可执行软件模块，因为源代码包含控制可编程处理系统执行上面给出的动作所需的信息，并且编译只改变信息的格式。此外，也有可能是可编程处理系统设置有解释器，使得通过合适的编程语言实现的源代码不需要在运行之前进行编译。
根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的计算机程序产品包括非易失性计算机可读介质，例如编码有上述的软件模块的光盘“CD”。
根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的信号被编码来传送限定根据本发明的实施例的计算机程序的信息。
图3示出了根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的工作机330的示意图。在此示例性情况下，移动工作机为斗式装料机，但工作机也可以是拖拉机、压路机、推土机、挖掘机、或任何其它工作机。工作机包括内燃机302，其可以是例如柴油发动机、奥托循环发动机或涡轮发动机。工作机包括机电传动链331，其包括电机301、用于存储电能的存储电路304和用于在存储电路304和电机301之间传输电能的电功率转换器309。机电传动链331还包括控制系统，用于控制内燃机302和电功率转换器309。控制系统未在图3中示出。电机301的转子与内燃机302的轴和功能器件303转矩传递连接。在该示例性情况下，功能器件303为工作机的液压系统333的液压泵。控制系统被配置为，响应于其中功能器件303的功率需求高于内燃机302的有利的功率范围，即内燃机运行在或至少接近其最佳运行效率的功率范围的峰值负载情况，控制电功率转换器309从存储电路304向电机301传输电能。控制系统被配置为在峰值负载情况期间限制内燃机302的燃料供给，以便响应于峰值负载情况，抑制内燃机的燃料消耗增加。
在图3所示的示例性工作机中，机电传动链331在工作机的轮毂处还包括电机。在图3中，车轮中的两个用附图标记312a和312b表示，而轮毂处的电机中的两个用附图标记311a和311b表示。机电驱动器包括电功率转换器332，其被配置为将存储电路304的直流电压转换为具有适于电机驱动车轮的幅值和频率的电压。电功率转换器332对于所有驱动车轮的电机可以具有分离的变换级，在这种情况下，可以单独控制这些电机中的每个，或所有的驱动车轮的电机可以连接到一个相同的变换级，在这种情况下，这些电机作为一组控制。工作机的机电传动链331为组合的串-并联传输链，使得电机301被机械连接到内燃机302和功能器件303，并且其它电机被配置为以与串联传输链相同的方式驱动车轮。
根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的移动工作机包括设置为冷却机电传动链331的液体冷却系统334。
在根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的移动工作机中，液体冷却系统334设置为冷却机电传动链331以及和液压系统333和内燃机302中的一个或两个。
在根据本发明的示例性和非限制实施例的移动工作机中，存储电路304包括电池元件，其被设置为响应于超过可从内燃机302和存储电路304的电容电路得到的最大功率的峰值功率需求。电池元件借助于例如可控的直接电压转换器可以被连接到电容电路。
上面给出的描述中提供的非限制性具体实施例不应解释为限制所附权利要求的范围和/或应用。此外，本文件中提出的例子的任何列表或组并不详尽，除非另有明确说明。

Claims (12)

1.一种机电传动链，包括：
-电机(101)，所述电机(101)具有与内燃机的轴和将要驱动的机械负载转矩传递连接的转子，所述内燃机的运行效率在所述内燃机产生的功率处于预先确定的功率范围内时比在所述内燃机产生的功率高于所述预先确定的功率范围时更好，
-存储电路(104)，所述存储电路(104)用于存储电能，
-电功率转换器(109)，所述电功率转换器(109)用于在所述存储电路和所述电机之间传输电能，以及
-控制系统(110)，所述控制系统(110)用于控制所述内燃机和所述电功率转换器，
其中，所述控制系统被配置为响应于所述机械负载的功率需求高于所述预先确定的功率范围的峰值负载情况而控制所述电功率转换器从所述存储电路向所述电机传输电能，以便将所述内燃机产生的功率保持在所述预先确定的功率范围内，其特征在于所述控制系统被配置为在所述峰值负载情况期间限制所述内燃机的燃料供给以便响应于所述峰值负载情况而抑制所述内燃机的燃料消耗增加。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机电传动链，其中，所述控制系统被配置为在所述峰值负载情况期间中断所述内燃机的燃料供给。
3.根据权利要求1所述的机电传动链，其中，所述控制系统被配置为在所述峰值负载情况期间将所述内燃机的燃料消耗限制为与在所述预先确定的功率范围内的燃料消耗基本相同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的机电传动链，其中，所述存储电路(104)包括电容电路(105)，并且所述电容电路存储的电能正比于所述电容电路的电压的平方。
5.根据权利要求4所述的机电传动链，其中，所述电容电路包括双电层电容器(106)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的机电传动链，其中，所述存储电路包括电池元件(107)以及可控直流电压转换器(108)，用于在所述电容电路和所述电池元件之间传输电能。
7.根据权利要求5所述的机电传动链，其中，所述存储电路包括电池元件(107)以及可控直流电压转换器(108)，用于在所述电容电路和所述电池元件之间传输电能。
8.一种工作机(330)，包括：
-内燃机(302)，
-要用机械功率驱动的功能元件(303)，以及
-根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的机电传动链(331)，
其中，所述传动链的电机(301)的转子与所述内燃机的轴和所述功能元件转矩传递连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的工作机，其中，所述工作机包括液压系统(333)，并且所述功能元件(303)为所述液压系统的液压泵。
10.一种用于控制机电传动链的方法，所述机电传动链包括：
-电机，所述电机具有与内燃机的轴和将要驱动的机械负载转矩传递连接的转子，所述内燃机的运行效率在所述内燃机产生的功率处于预先确定的功率范围内时比在所述内燃机产生的功率高于所述预先确定的功率范围时更好，
-存储电路，所述存储电路用于存储电能，以及
-电功率转换器，所述电功率转换器用于在所述存储电路和所述电机之间传输电能，
所述方法包括控制(201)所述电功率转换器响应于其中所述机械负载的功率需求高于所述预先确定的功率范围的峰值负载情况而从所述存储电路向所述电机传输电能，以便将所述内燃机产生的功率保持在所述预先确定的功率范围内，其特征在于所述方法包括在所述峰值负载情况期间限制(202)所述内燃机的燃料供给以便响应于所述峰值负载情况而抑制所述内燃机的燃料消耗增加。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述方法包括在所述峰值负载情况期间中断所述内燃机的燃料供给。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述方法包括在所述峰值负载情况期间将所述内燃机的燃料消耗限制为与在所述预先确定的功率范围内的燃料消耗基本相同。
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