CN1056964A - Double-characteristic motor specified for electric vehicle - Google Patents
Double-characteristic motor specified for electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN1056964A CN1056964A CN 90103697 CN90103697A CN1056964A CN 1056964 A CN1056964 A CN 1056964A CN 90103697 CN90103697 CN 90103697 CN 90103697 A CN90103697 A CN 90103697A CN 1056964 A CN1056964 A CN 1056964A
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- motor
- existing
- field winding
- magnetic flux
- series
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Abstract
Double-characteristic motor specified for electric vehicle is the small-sized extraordinary DC motor that a kind of and sharp DC motor characteristic in the DC motor technical field and DC series motor characteristic have both, its key technology can be converted to and sharp formula or series excitation type according to the needs of load variations in service at any time in the design of field winding.Use it as portable electric vehicle (from the electric bicycle to the miniature electric automobile) power, have that starting torque is big, normality operates steadily, can self adaptation during cross-country climbing slow down and advantage such as increase torque.
Description
The present invention is a kind of method for designing of extraordinary DC motor.This specific type of electric machine is suitable for doing the DC motor of motor vehicle special use.
Existing DC motor has from excitatory differentiations: and swash formula, series excitation type, and and swash three kinds of the compounding formulas of synthesizing with series excitation.According to China Machine Press publish " Electrical Engineer's handbook is about " electric locomotive is to the requirement of motor and the comparison of different exciting mode DC motor ", though above-mentioned three kinds of DC motor respectively have characteristics, in use can not change mutually.Therefore, the DC motor of existing electric vehicles is not and sharp formula to be series excitation type or compounding formula.
The objective of the invention is on the basis of existing direct current drive machine technology, the design and the calculating of the DC motor field winding that a kind of shunt character and series characteristic have both are provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: be different excitation modes according to shunt motor with the fundamental difference of series-wound motor.Field winding with DC motor when designing and producing is divided into plurality of sections.Be used as and sharp formula when using, above-mentioned each section magnetizing coil serial connection back is in parallel with armature; When being converted to series excitation type, the control transformation switch makes above-mentioned each section magnetizing coil and connects the back and connects with armature, though increased many times before the exciting curent so this moment, so still can pass through safely, is achieved by also swashing formula and converts the series excitation type motor to.
Existing and the sharp formula DC motor normality speed of service is steady, but breakdown torque is restricted; Torque was big when the load of series excitation type DC motor was big, but it is not good enough to travel at the uniform speed.This double-characteristic motor by comparison, it is two characteristic DC motor of having both of a kind of above-mentioned two specific characters (being called for short two characteristic motors).Apparent load in service need be implemented control, and a specific character is wherein used in conversion at any time, is fit to do the power of portable electric vehicle (from the electric bicycle to the miniature electric automobile).It is big that it has starting torque concurrently, and traction and climbing power are strong, and the equilibrium of cruising speed can be to accumulator jar charging and automatic speed-limiting during the hypervelocity of landslide; Saved the mechanical gear shift device, had and use flexible, efficient advantages of higher.
Accompanying drawing of the present invention has four:
The two special motors of Fig. 1 are done and are swashed the circuit diagram of formula when using
Circuit diagram when the series excitation type use is done in the two special motor conversions of Fig. 2
The general-purpose magnetization curve of Fig. 3 direct current machine
The magnetization curve of several magnetic materials of Fig. 4
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing best implementation method of the present invention is further described:
(as Fig. 1, exciting curent is made as I because motor also swashs
f) change series excitation after, the electric current of armature is that rated current (is made as I
N) will pass through magnetizing coil entirely.For big electric current can be passed through smoothly, original shunt winding (can be made as W
fCircle) is divided into plurality of sections, and (is made as a with an end of its same polarity is in addition in parallel
fThe bar branch road) makes series excitation winding (as Fig. 2).
For make two special motors and swash, can smooth transition during conversion is used between series excitation, excitatory clean number of ampere turns should equivalence before and after conversion for their.If every branch road is W behind the five equilibrium
Circle,
I
jW
j=(I
N)/(a
j) (W
* a
j)=I
NW
W
=(I
j)/(I
N) W
j(1)
Promptly according to rated current, and the exciting curent when swashing and the number of turn of magnetic field winding, the number of turn of each branch road of magnetic field winding in the time of just can calculating series excitation.
Then calculate the number of answering parallel branch, the electric current that every former permission of branch road is passed through is I
f, need pass through electric current I after now transforming series excitation into
NShould be:
a
j·I
j＝I
N
a
j= (I
N)/(I
j) ……（2）
Be the number of series excitation winding parallel connection, be about rated current also swashing the multiple (round numbers) of exciting curent.
Like this, do and during sharp formula, when armature supply with load variations, it is constant that exciting curent keeps substantially, when ignoring the demagnetizing effect of armature reaction, air-gap flux is a constant, can realize the also characteristic of sharp DC motor; And change when making series excitation type, input current in the motor is exactly an exciting curent, also be armature supply simultaneously, so when fluctuation takes place with load in armature supply, exciting curent is also along with changing, even do not consider the demagnetizing effect of armature reaction, air-gap flux also will change along with the variation of load torque, can realize the characteristic of DC series motor.
Two special motors also need be grasped following each point in the design when solving field winding:
1. the rating data of two special motors as power, rotating speed, voltage, exciting curent etc., is done design considerations with shunt motor in principle; Two special motor performance index as starting performance, overload capacity, commutation ability, efficient etc., are done design considerations with series-wound motor in principle.For the frequent and normal occasion that needs big torque of starting, should take the characteristic of performance series excitation type when determining best design especially into account.
2. the selection of specified magnetic flux point reaches the requirement to characteristic of magnetization.Existing and sharp DC motor is selected in the nearly saturation region of magnetization curve in order to operate steadily and to raise the efficiency with specified magnetic flux point, and its overload capacity is restricted just that [the overload capacity lambda definition is the breakdown torque M of motor like this
MaxWith nominal torque M
Ratio, that is:
λ= (M
max)/(M.)
Generally allow λ=2～2.5 for existing and sharp DC motor, [see institution of higher education with book " Electrical Motor " (revised edition)] specified magnetic flux point (see figure 3) is selected in A or more than the A; Supersaturation will take place as λ＞2.5 are excitatory.Therefore, two special motors need the prevention conversion to do when series excitation type uses this situation to take place when doing design considerations with existing shunt motor, and way is the specified magnetic flux point to two special motors, should be selected in the A point on the lower side.The electromagnetic torque M that designs so just can big portion approximate with exciting curent be armature supply I
s(the ∵ M=C that square is directly proportional
mφ I
s, C in the formula
mBe a structural constant, magnetic flux φ is because of I
sForm linear change, ∴ M is because of I
sSquare and be directly proportional).Follow the two special motor that this makes, just can have bigger overload capacity.
To being used for the two special motor of motor vehicle, general overload capacity λ is about 3.Sometimes in order to reach the performance index of big overload capacity, would rather improve relevant rating data simultaneously.
Match therewith, in the selection of the magnetic material of magnetic pole, will select the material (referring to magnetization curve among Fig. 4 4) of its magnetization curve knee broad as far as possible.
3. the speed governing of circuit control device and motor, braking.Because field winding is divided into a
fThe bar branch road at least just has 2a
fIndividual terminals and contact, the control circuit of therefore two special motors are complicated.
When but doing the series excitation use according to the motor vehicle needs generally is to move in short-term, and field winding can be allowed the magnitude of current of multiplication approximately, and therefore the way about the parallel connection of aforementioned calculating series excitation winding can reduce by half approximately.
Further,, more can reduce a way in parallel naturally, will significantly reduce the tap and the contact of field winding, help simplified control circuit if will intend that part of suitable overstriking wire size that series magnet coil is made in conversion.Make the reliability height and the manoeuvrable of control in its operating state implementation conversion convenient, adopt drum controller, not losing is an easy approach.
Speed governing in two special motors works and sharp the use based on field winding precompose segment processing, therefore can adopt the way of magnetic field winding connection in series-parallel conversion to come speed governing.
To the braking of two special motors, except that mechanical braking, when work and the use of sharp formula, also can adopt regenerative braking, this not only is suitable for limiting operation on long steep grade, and helps boost charge.Reversing then can be with the shunt winding reversal connection.
Two special motors still are limited to small-power (continuous rating power is no more than the motor of 1.1kW when referring to convert to 1500r/min) at present, as for still remaining further to be tested than this bigger two special motor.
Accompanying drawing 1 is that two special motors are done and swashed the circuit diagram of formula when using.Shunt winding is W altogether
fCircle, the exciting curent I that wherein passes through
fKeep constant because of external dc power supply is constant, can realize the characteristic of shunt motor.
The A of shunt winding
1B
1Part has been divided into plurality of sections, every section W when coiling
The leaded extraction in the two ends of circle is prepared against or serial or parallel connection uses.
Accompanying drawing 2 is two special motor conversions circuit diagrams when making series excitation type and using.Original part field winding is divided into a among Fig. 1
fSection, every section is W
Circle; And be unified into a
fUse the series excitation winding behind the bar branch road as, the exciting curent that pass through this moment is armature supply I
N, can realize the characteristic of DC series motor.
Fig. 3 is the general-purpose magnetization curve of direct current machine.Transverse axis I
fBe exciting curent, longitudinal axis φ is a magnetic flux.And straight line 1 zero crossing tangent with magnetization curve is the air gap line, and it represents the unsaturated part of magnetization curve; Gradually steadily locate tangent straight line 2 with magnetization curve, represent the high saturated part of magnetization curve.Change greatly at A point left and right sides slope of a curve.The existing specified magnetic flux point of shunt motor is selected in A or more than the A, specified exciting curent I
Magnetic circuit has had to a certain degree saturated here.And the specified magnetic flux point of the two special motors of conduct should be selected in the A point on the lower side.
Fig. 4 is the magnetization curve of several magnetic materials.Transverse axis H represents magnetic force, and longitudinal axis B represents magnetic flux, and curve 1～5 is represented non-alloy-steel sheet, cast steel respectively, low silicon alloy steel disc, high-silicon alloy steel disc, rolling steel disc, the magnetization curve of grey cast-iron.
Claims (3)
1, the method for designing of a kind of double-characteristic motor specified for electric vehicle (being called for short two special motors), be included on the existing DC motor technical foundation, to the design and the calculating of field winding, realize the main points of rating data and performance index, and the selection of specified magnetic flux point.
The field winding of existing DC motor has and two kinds of sharp formula and series excitation types basically, and feature of the present invention to be field winding can be converted to and sharp formula or series excitation type at any time according to the needs of load variations in service.For this reason, the design of field winding is should be equivalent according to excitatory clean number of ampere turns before and after also swashing conversion, calculates the number of turn that original shunt winding is divided into every section coil in the plurality of sections; Again according to armature supply to and the multiple of exciting curent when swashing, calculates above-mentioned by five equilibrium all section and uses the way of propping up that the series excitation winding should be in parallel as.
2, determine the rating data of two special motors,, do design considerations with existing shunt motor in principle as power, rotating speed, voltage, exciting curent etc.; Two special motor performance index as starting performance, overload capacity, commutation ability, efficient etc., are done design considerations with existing series-wound motor in principle.
3, the selection of specified magnetic flux point.With reference to the specified magnetic flux point that existing shunt motor is got, come to select the specified magnetic flux point of two special motors on the lower side from this point on the magnetization curve of magnetic pole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90103697 CN1056964A (en) | 1990-05-25 | 1990-05-25 | Double-characteristic motor specified for electric vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90103697 CN1056964A (en) | 1990-05-25 | 1990-05-25 | Double-characteristic motor specified for electric vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1056964A true CN1056964A (en) | 1991-12-11 |
Family
ID=4878213
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90103697 Pending CN1056964A (en) | 1990-05-25 | 1990-05-25 | Double-characteristic motor specified for electric vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1056964A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103221630A (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2013-07-24 | 凯文·R·威廉姆斯 | Two speed direct drive drawworks |
-
1990
- 1990-05-25 CN CN 90103697 patent/CN1056964A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103221630A (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2013-07-24 | 凯文·R·威廉姆斯 | Two speed direct drive drawworks |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |