CN105695310A - Organic waste stepped-conversion and energy-generation system and method - Google Patents
Organic waste stepped-conversion and energy-generation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic waste stepped-conversion and energy-generation system. The system is characterized by comprising three subsystems including a microbial anaerobic fermentation hydrogen generating system, a biogas fermentation system and a microbial fuel battery system. The invention further discloses an organic waste stepped-conversion and energy-generation method. The method is characterized by including following steps: A, feeding organic waste into a precipitation pool to form organic wastewater and solid organic matter through precipitation; B, enabling the organic wastewater to enter the microbial anaerobic fermentation hydrogen generation system for degradation and hydrogen generation; C, enabling the solid organic matter to enter the biogas fermentation system for degradation, wherein generated biogas residue is used as fertilizer, feed and seedling-growing nutrient soil, and biogas slurry is used as fertilizer and biological pesticide; D, enabling part of products of the hydrogen generation system and the fermentation system to enter the microbial fuel battery system for further treatment to realize wastewater re-degradation, energy generation and H2 and CH4 purification. Stepped utilization and energy generation of the organic waste are combined to form the system and method, degradation and recycling of the organic waste are realized, and energy in the organic matter is effectively utilized for energy generation. The organic waste stepped-conversion and energy-generation system can be used in the fields of biology, energy sources and environment protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to step and process the system and method for organic waste, be specifically related to organic waste step and convert generating systems and method。
Background technology
Along with the quickening of the development of China's urban construction and urbanization process, urban domestic wastewater and waste discharge amount sharp increase。The China of adding over focuses on environmental pollution prevention and control in industrial pollution control too much, the prevention and cure of pollution causing urban life emission relatively lag behind, the Governance Ability of most cities, whole nation life emission can not meet far away and is actually needed, and the problem of environmental pollution of urban life emission has become as an important problem of puzzlement urban development。Containing substantial amounts of organic waste (such as kitchen castoff and feces etc.) in urban life emission, making containing substantial amounts of starch, fat, protein, cellulose, saccharide, mineral wet goods Organic substance in waste water, COD (COD) and BOD (BOD) are higher。At present, treatment of Organic Wastewater mainly adopts biological activated sludge method, but the method often capital cost, running cost are high, and energy consumption is big, and sludge bulking phenomenon easily occurs in complex management, and equipment can not meet efficient requirement。Additionally, main two classes of the processing method of solid organic: one is that carry out the same with Other Waste is buried or burning disposal；Two is fermented manure, produces organic fertilizer。But, these traditional organic waste treatment modes all can not biomass energy in Appropriate application organic waste, thus causing the waste of the energy, meanwhile, a large amount of harmful gass of generation and greenhouse gases are discharged into air, cause environmental pollution。
Biological hydrogen production is a kind of novel hydrogen production process, it is that the energy in Organic substance in nature is converted into hydrogen by producing the effect of hydrogen microorganism, it it is the metabolic effect of microorganism self, reaction carries out under normal temperature and pressure conditions, simultaneously can using organic wastewater as reaction raw materials, it is achieved the dual function of refuse degraded and production of energy。Biological hydrogen production process can be divided into dark ferment for hydrogen production and the big class of light ferment for hydrogen production two。Wherein, the microorganism that the former utilizes is anaerobism chemoheterotrophic bacteria, and what the latter utilized is then anaerobism photosynthetic bacteria (or part algae)。Dark zymogenous bacteria can utilize the larger molecular organics of complexity, produces H2, CO2With small molecular organic acid etc.。The reaction raw materials that light zymogenous bacteria utilizes is mainly small organic molecule, and two kinds of fermentative microorganisms there's almost no competitive relation。Therefore secretly fermentation and light fermentation can be combined, it is achieved the cascade utilization to organic substrates。
Biogas fermentation refers under anaerobic, and methanogen carrys out the process of degradation of organic substances Biogas by self metabolism, also referred to as anaerobic digestion。Biogas be mainly composed of CH4And CO2, meanwhile, also rich in micronutrient elements such as the macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, copper, manganese in biogas slurry, and the nearly 30 kinds of diseases of crops are also had preventive and therapeutic effect by biogas slurry, and tool has been widely used。Biogas residue is the bottom scum juice remained after fermentation produces biogas, including being difficult to the Organic substance decomposed, the humic acid material decomposing generation and the ash containing inorganic salt, containing more comprehensive nutrient and abundant organic substance in biogas residue, has the fast slow fertilizer efficiency feature having both。As can be seen here, biogas fermentation both can process solid organic to protect environment, can produce again biogas as the energy, and the organic fertilizer that biogas slurry after biogas fermentation, biogas residue still optimize。
Microalgae is the single cell population of a class microcosmic, is the aquatile of minimum grade, autotrophy。Microalgae is the most potential novel renewable bioenergy of one, advantages such as having photosynthetic efficiency height, zero net carbon value, easily cultivate, growth cycle is short, fat content is high, environmental suitability is strong。Microalgae can convert solar energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis, absorbs CO simultaneously2Synthetic carbohydrate also produces O2。Microdisk electrode needs substantial amounts of nutrient substance, mainly nitrogenous source (nitrate or ammonium salt) and phosphorus source (orthophosphate), also includes some trace element (zinc, copper, manganese etc.), and the main component contained by these elements biogas slurry just。As energy substance, available microalgae produces biodiesel, it is also possible to carries out biological hydrogen production, produce the clean energy resource gases such as methane。
Microbiological fuel cell is to utilize microorganism as catalyst, and oxidation Decomposition biomass export a kind of new equipment of electric energy simultaneously。One critically important application of microbiological fuel cell processes organic wastewater exactly, and anode microorganism utilizes Organic substance contained in waste water as carbon source and electron donor, and the energy in Organic substance is converted into electric energy, and the conversion ratio of general electric energy is 20% ~ 30%。In microorganism fuel cell cathode room, generally with O2As oxidant, under the effect of catalyst, O2Electronics generation reduction reaction is obtained, the H next with anode chamber's transmission at cathode surface+It is combined into water。
Therefore, if fermentable hydrogen manufacturing, biogas fermentation, microdisk electrode and microbiological fuel cell are combined, form a set of organic waste step and convert generating systems and method, just can realize organic waste resource and comprehensively utilize to greatest extent。
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to as solving problem of environmental pollution, it is achieved organic waste cascade utilization and the energy in efficient recovery organic waste, it is provided that a kind of organic waste step converts generating systems and method。
For achieving the above object, first technical scheme of the present invention is, the step of a kind of organic waste converts generating systems, and this system includes 3 subsystems: microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production system, marsh gas fermenting system and microbial fuel cells system。Microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production system includes the microbiological anaerobic of organic wastewater and secretly ferments and the fermentation of microbiological anaerobic light；Marsh gas fermenting system includes the biogas fermentation of solid organic and the comprehensive utilization of biogas residue, biogas slurry and biogas；Microbiological fuel cell and microdisk electrode are combined by microbial fuel cells system, purify waste water, production capacity and purification H2、CH4。
The microbiological fuel cell of the present invention, is the self-control microbiological fuel cell with microdisk electrode, this battery be characterized in that microbiological fuel cell work while, cathode chamber carries out algae culture。Microbiological fuel cell includes an anode chamber and two cathode chambers, is fixed with PEM between cathode chamber and anode chamber, additionally, external light source system provides illumination for cathode chamber。
Second technical scheme of invention is, the step of a kind of organic waste converts production capacity method, comprises the steps:
A. organic waste is passed in sedimentation tank, be divided into organic wastewater and solid organic after precipitation；
B., organic wastewater passing into microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production system, is sequentially carried out anaerobism and secretly ferments and the fermentation of anaerobism light, degradation of organic waste water also produces H2And CO2；
C. solid organic being passed into marsh gas fermenting system to ferment, the biogas residue of generation is used as fertilizer, feedstuff and seedling nutritious soil, and biogas slurry is used as fertilizer and biological pesticide；
D. the portion of product of microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production system and marsh gas fermenting system is passed in microbial fuel cells system: the tail washings after the fermentation of anaerobism light passes into the anode chamber of microbiological fuel cell and does further degraded；Part biogas slurry passes into two cathode chambers and provides nutrient for microdisk electrode；Anaerobism is secretly fermented and the produced CO of anaerobism light fermentation2And H2Mixing gas passes in a cathode chamber, and microalgae absorbs CO2, it is achieved purify H2Purpose；Biogas is (containing CH4And CO2Mixing gas) pass in another cathode chamber, microalgae absorb CO2, it is achieved purify CH4Purpose。
The operation principle of microbiological fuel cell is: in anode chamber, the Organic substance of the residual oxidized degraded of metabolism by microorganism (electrogenesis bacterium) in the tail washings after the fermentation of anaerobism light, and electron transmission is to anode, and forms electric current by external circuit arrival negative electrode, produces electric energy；At cathode chamber, biogas slurry provides the necessary inorganic salt of growth and trace element, CO for microalgae2Thering is provided carbon source for microalgae photosynthesis, exterior light lighting system provides light source for microalgae photosynthesis, and microalgae carries out the O of photosynthesis generation2Be reduced as the oxidant of negative electrode, then one of them cathode chamber expellant gas is the H after purifying2, another cathode chamber expellant gas is the CH after purifying4。Microalgae in cathode chamber, is a kind of renewable bioenergy, can regularly gather, further recycling。
The present invention comprises following beneficial effect:
1. both the improvement of organic waste and energy recovery are combined, the technical problem such as efficient recovery of energy in the degraded of organic wastewater, the recycling of solid organic and Organic substance can be solved simultaneously, not only solve the problem of environmental pollution of organic waste, there is provided theoretical direction and technical support for processing organic waste, and the recycling and energy regenerating for organic waste provides a model；
2. organic wastewater is passed sequentially through the dark ferment for hydrogen production of microbiological anaerobic, microbiological anaerobic light ferment for hydrogen production and microbiological fuel cell and degrades by the present invention, it is achieved that the harmless treatment of waste water；
3. solid organic is carried out fermentation process by the present invention, and biogas residue after fermentation, biogas slurry and biogas all carry out further with, it is achieved that the recycling of solid organic；
4. the energy substance that the present invention finally gives has H2、CH4With biomass energy (microalgae), and obtain electric energy, it is achieved that the energy regenerating of organic waste；
5. microbiological fuel cell and microdisk electrode are combined by the present invention, and the gas respectively ferment for hydrogen production and biogas fermentation produced purifies, and obtains purer H2And CH4, solve the bottleneck problem that fermentation gas purifies；
6. the present invention relate to responded and carried out all at normal temperatures and pressures, it is not necessary to extra temperature-control pressure-control device, system is simple, saves the energy。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that organic waste step converts generating systems and method schematic diagram。
Fig. 2 is microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production schematic diagram。
Fig. 3 is biogas fermentation schematic diagram。
Fig. 4 is microbiological fuel cell schematic diagram。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with case study on implementation, the present invention is further described specifically, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this。
Being embodied as case: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a kind of organic waste step converts generating systems and method, comprises the steps。
A. the organic waste such as life kitchen castoff and feces is passed in sedimentation tank, be divided into organic wastewater and solid organic through precipitation。
B. organic wastewater is passed into 1. microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production system, is sequentially carried out anaerobism and secretly ferments and the fermentation of anaerobism light。
Needing the pH value of organic wastewater is adjusted to 6～9 before dark fermentation, the dark fermented bacterium of addible anaerobism has fusobacterium (Clostridium), class spore Pseudomonas (Paenibacillus) and enterobacteriaceae (Enterobacteriaceae) etc.。Dark zymogenous bacteria mainly utilizes the larger molecular organicses such as the starch in organic wastewater, fat, protein, cellulose, saccharide to carry out fermentation and hydrogen production。To convert glucose into acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the reaction equation of dark fermentation and hydrogen production is:
Organic wastewater pH value after secretly fermentation is adjusted to 6～9 and carries out anaerobism light ferment for hydrogen production, light zymogenous bacteria is under anaerobism and illumination condition, utilizing the small molecular organic acid that dark fermentation produces to continue to produce hydrogen, addible smooth zymogenous bacteria has Rhodopseudomonas (Rhodopseudomonas), Erythrobacillus (Rhodobacter) and Rhodospirillum (Rhodospirillum) etc.。For acetic acid, the reaction equation of light fermentation and hydrogen production is:
Tail washings after light fermentation also can remain some Organic substances (COD is higher), it is possible to as the raw material of microbiological fuel cell。
Carrying out biogas fermentation C. to the solid organic inoculation of activated-sludge entering 2. marsh gas fermenting system, the product after fermentation has biogas residue, biogas slurry and biogas。
Biogas generates process and includes three phases: liquefaction stage, product acid phase and methane phase stage, CH4Generate in the methane phase stage, have following two approach:
Biogas residue can operate with three below aspect: (1) fertilizer: organic base fertilizer, improvement soil etc.；(2) feedstuff: raise pigs, breed fish and Lumbricus etc.；(3) seedling nutritious soil: culturing edible fungus etc.。Biogas slurry has the utilization of following three aspects: (1) fertilizer: seed soaking, fruit and vegerable drip irrigation etc.；(2) biological pesticide: foliage-spray etc.；(3) microdisk electrode: pass into fuel battery negative pole room and cultivate microalgae。Biogas be mainly composed of CH4And CO2, wherein CH4Content generally up to more than 60%。
D. the portion of product of hydrogen generating system and fermentation system is passed into 3. in microbial fuel cells system further with。
Tail washings after being fermented by microbiological anaerobic light passes into anode chamber, is carried out the Organic substance of oxidative degradation residual by microorganism (electrogenesis bacterium) metabolism, and COD (COD) degradation efficiency in tail washings is up to 80%。The electron transmission of VOCs emission is to anode, and arrives negative electrode formation electric current by external circuit, produces electric energy。Meanwhile, proton enters cathode chamber 1 and cathode chamber 2 by the PEM in the middle of two Room。Remaining acetate ion in tail washings, during microbiological fuel cell work, the electrochemical reaction in anode chamber is:
Part biogas slurry is passed into cathode chamber 1 and cathode chamber 2, CO2And H2Gas passes into cathode chamber 1, biogas (CH4And CO2) pass into cathode chamber 2。When illumination system 1 and illumination system 2 provide illumination, the microalgae of negative electrode indoor cultivation absorbs CO in gas2Carry out photosynthesis, the O that photosynthesis produces2As the oxidant of negative electrode under the effect of catalyst with electronics and the H that transmitted by anode+Being combined into water, cathode chamber 1 expellant gas is the H after purifying2, cathode chamber 2 expellant gas is the CH after purifying4。The photosynthesis reaction equation occurred in cathode chamber is:
Electro-chemical reaction equations is:
Inorganic salt and trace element in biogas slurry are utilized by micro algae growth, and the liquid that cathode chamber 1 and cathode chamber 2 are discharged is all water purification。Can adding one or more of the microalgae such as chlorella, spirulina, Dunaliella salina, diatom, Crypthecodinium cohnii in cathode chamber, these algae contain significantly high oils and fats, are a kind of renewable bioenergies, can be processed further utilizing as biomass energy。
In being embodied as case, the anode chamber of above-mentioned microbiological fuel cell and cathode chamber number are not limited only to 1 and 2, it is possible to be combined as required。
System and method provided by the invention, carries out step degraded to organic wastewater, it is achieved that harmless treatment；Solid organic is comprehensively utilized, it is achieved that maximize production of energy；Organic waste is utilized to carry out production capacity, it is achieved that the efficient recovery of energy。
Claims (10)
1. the step of organic waste converts generating systems, it is characterised in that: this system includes 3 subsystems: microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production system, marsh gas fermenting system and microbial fuel cells system。
2. the step of organic waste according to claim 1 converts generating systems, it is characterised in that: the microbiological anaerobic that described microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production system includes organic wastewater secretly ferments and the fermentation of microbiological anaerobic light；Described marsh gas fermenting system includes the biogas fermentation of solid organic and the comprehensive utilization of biogas residue, biogas slurry and biogas；Microbiological fuel cell and microdisk electrode are combined by described microbial fuel cells system, purify waste water, production capacity and purification H2、CH4。
3. the step of organic waste according to claim 1 and 2 converts generating systems, it is characterized in that: microbiological fuel cell includes an anode chamber and two cathode chambers, PEM it is fixed with, additionally, external light source system provides illumination for cathode chamber between cathode chamber and anode chamber；While microbiological fuel cell work, cathode chamber carries out algae culture。
4. the step of organic waste converts production capacity method, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
A. organic waste is passed in sedimentation tank, be divided into organic wastewater and solid organic after precipitation；
B., organic wastewater passing into microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production system, is sequentially carried out anaerobism and secretly ferments and the fermentation of anaerobism light, degradation of organic waste water also produces H2And CO2；
C. solid organic being passed into marsh gas fermenting system to ferment, the biogas residue of generation is used as fertilizer, feedstuff and seedling nutritious soil, and biogas slurry is used as fertilizer and biological pesticide；
D. the portion of product of microbiological anaerobic ferment for hydrogen production system and marsh gas fermenting system is passed in microbial fuel cells system: the tail washings after the fermentation of anaerobism light passes into the anode chamber of microbiological fuel cell and does further degraded；Part biogas slurry passes into two cathode chambers and provides nutrient for microdisk electrode；Anaerobism is secretly fermented and the produced CO of anaerobism light fermentation2And H2Mixing gas passes in a cathode chamber, and microalgae absorbs CO2, it is achieved purify H2Purpose；Biogas is (containing CH4And CO2Mixing gas) pass in another cathode chamber, microalgae absorb CO2, it is achieved purify CH4Purpose。
5. the microbiological fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterised in that: the anode chamber of microbiological fuel cell and cathode chamber number are not limited only to 1 and 2, it is possible to be combined as required。
6. the step of organic waste according to claim 4 converts production capacity method, it is characterised in that: the organic waste utilized in step A is mainly life kitchen castoff and feces etc.。
7. the step of organic waste according to claim 4 converts production capacity method, it is characterised in that: in step B, organic wastewater carries out before anaerobism is secretly fermented and before the fermentation of anaerobism light, need to by pH regulator to 6 ~ 9。
8. the step of the organic waste according to claim 4 or 7 converts production capacity method, it is characterised in that: in step B, the dark zymogenous bacteria of addible anaerobism has: fusobacterium (Clostridium), class spore Pseudomonas (Paenibacillus) and enterobacteriaceae (Enterobacteriaceae) etc.；Addible anaerobism light zymogenous bacteria has: have Rhodopseudomonas (Rhodopseudomonas), Erythrobacillus (Rhodobacter) and Rhodospirillum (Rhodospirillum) etc.。
9. the step of organic waste according to claim 4 converts production capacity method, it is characterised in that: step D can add in cathode chamber one or more of the microalgae such as chlorella, spirulina, Dunaliella salina, diatom, Crypthecodinium cohnii。
10. the step of organic waste according to claim 4 converts production capacity method, it is characterised in that: being responded involved by the method carries out all at normal temperatures and pressures, it is not necessary to extra temperature-control pressure-control device。
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Cited By (6)
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| CN106187512A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 安徽朗坤物联网有限公司 | Agricultural production biomass energy is converted into system |
| CN107686815A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-02-13 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | A kind of method that chlorella is cultivated using food garbage |
| CN109928514A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-06-25 | 重庆大学 | Industrial waste resource heat/matter coupling cascade utilization and energy recovery integrated system |
| CN111014238A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-17 | 句容市浩源生态农业科技有限公司 | Utilization method of livestock and poultry slaughtering waste |
| CN114695934A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-07-01 | 国网江苏电力设计咨询有限公司 | Hydrogen production and power generation dual-mode system utilizing renewable resources |
| CN114958924A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal-based biomass dark fermentation hydrogen production method with function of coal bed flora remodeling |
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| CN103086520A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2013-05-08 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Device and a method for producing biodiesel in a coupling way by treating livestock and poultry breeding wastewater |
| CN104167561A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-11-26 | 清华大学 | Biological cathode type microbial fuel cell |
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| US20100196742A1 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-05 | University Of Southern California | Electricity Generation Using Phototrophic Microbial Fuel Cells |
| CN101914572A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2010-12-15 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Energy utilization method of carbon dioxide zero-emission type organic waste |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106187512A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 安徽朗坤物联网有限公司 | Agricultural production biomass energy is converted into system |
| CN107686815A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-02-13 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | A kind of method that chlorella is cultivated using food garbage |
| CN109928514A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-06-25 | 重庆大学 | Industrial waste resource heat/matter coupling cascade utilization and energy recovery integrated system |
| CN111014238A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-17 | 句容市浩源生态农业科技有限公司 | Utilization method of livestock and poultry slaughtering waste |
| CN114695934A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-07-01 | 国网江苏电力设计咨询有限公司 | Hydrogen production and power generation dual-mode system utilizing renewable resources |
| CN114958924A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal-based biomass dark fermentation hydrogen production method with function of coal bed flora remodeling |
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