CN105683908B - 知晓上下文的用户界面部分 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种模型,该模型用于显示多个用户界面元素,使得每一控件均包括一容器,该容器包括跨这些用户界面元素中的至少大多数的标准功能。例如,每一标准功能可包括部分状态指示、标题、内容状态指示、命令调用功能、部分重设尺寸功能等等。该模型还可对这些用户界面元素进行重设尺寸提供标准化。对于给定用户界面元素,将存在预定数目的可能尺寸和形状,每一可能尺寸和形状对应于不同的数据投影。例如,屏幕上的所有用户界面元素都可落在该预定数目的可能尺寸和形状内,由此允许用户界面在显示器上的更多功能布局。
Description
背景
用于通过各种信息上下文进行导航的当前范例是基于窗口的。其经典示例是web浏览器体验。用户可以从占据整个浏览器空间的主页开始。随后,用户可以选择一个超链接,由此出现一个新的窗口。然而,先前的窗口要么消失,要么在执行一个在新窗口中打开新页面的选项的情况下,先前窗口被完全、或至少部分地隐藏。
此处要求保护的主题不限于解决任何缺点或仅在诸如上述环境这样的环境中操作的各实施例。相反,提供该背景仅用于例示其中可实现所述一些实施例的一个示例性技术领域。
概述
本文中描述的至少一些实施例涉及一种用于显示多个用户界面元素的模型,此多个用户界面元素具有将数据投影在此多个用户界面元素中的控件。该模型显示多个用户界面元素,使得每一控件均包括一容器,该容器包括跨这些用户界面元素中的至少大多数的标准功能。例如,这样的标准功能可包括部分状态指示、标题、内容状态指示、命令调用功能、部分重设尺寸功能等等。
本文中描述的至少一些实施例涉及对用户界面元素进行重设尺寸的标准化。具体地,对于给定用户界面元素,将存在预定数目的可能尺寸和形状,每一可能尺寸和形状对应于不同的数据投影。例如,与该用户界面元素的较大化身相比,较小尺寸的用户界面元素可按不同的方式投影数据,并且可能使更小量的数据被投影。在一些实施例中,屏幕上的所有用户界面元素都可落在预定数目的可能尺寸和形状内,由此允许用户界面在显示器上的更多功能布局。
提供本概述以便以简化的形式介绍将在以下详细描述中进一步描述的一些概念。本概述并非旨在标识出要求保护的主题的关键特征或必要特征,亦非旨在用作辅助确定要求保护的主题的范围。
附图简述
为了描述可获得本发明的上述和其它优点和特征的方式,将通过参考附图中示出的本发明的具体实施例来呈现以上简要描述的本发明的更具体描述。可以理解,这些附图只描绘了本发明的各典型实施例,并且因此不被认为是对其范围的限制,将通过使用附图并利用附加特征和细节来描述和解释本发明,在附图中:
图1抽象地示出其中可采用本文中所描述的原理的示例计算系统;
图2A示出依据容器的标准功能显示的若干部分状态,包括无阻挡部分状态、阻挡部分状态和处理指示状态;
图2B示出依据容器的标准功能表达的错误部分状态。
图3示出显示标题和副标题的部分,其贯穿如依据容器的标准功能提供的所有(或大多数)部分表现一致。
图4示出由某部分的容器提供的具有各种内容状态的部分,该内容状态包括成功内容状态、警告内容状态和错误内容状态;
例如,图5示出端点监视部分的两个实例,这两个实例示出不同的数据取决于部分的尺寸而被不同地投影。
图6示出具有作为容器的标准功能的一部分的上下文菜单的部分;
图7示出表示网站的部分;
图8示出作为容器所提供的标准功能的一部分来提供的命令菜单;
图9示出其中用户可按复杂的方式与部分中的各元素进行交互的部分;
图10示出在资源的创建期间变成各种状态时的某部分;
图11示出用于一起管理网站和数据库并且其中可评估该网站的部署的最新状态的示例管理用户界面;以及
图12示出某部分的两个不同的上下文并示出标准功能保持不变。
详细描述
本文中描述的至少一些实施例涉及一种用于显示多个用户界面元素的模型,此多个用户界面元素具有将数据投影在此多个用户界面元素中的控件。该模型显示此多个用户界面元素,使得每一控件都包括一容器,该容器包括跨这些用户界面元素中的至少大多数的标准功能。例如,这样的标准功能可包括部分状态指示、标题、内容状态指示、命令调用功能、部分重设尺寸功能等等。
本文中描述的至少一些实施例涉及用户界面元素的重设尺寸的标准化。具体地,对于给定用户界面元素,将存在预定数目的可能尺寸和形状,每一可能尺寸和形状对应于不同的数据投影。例如,与该用户界面元素的较大化身相比,较小尺寸的用户界面元素可按不同的方式投影数据,并且可能使更小量的数据被投影。在一些实施例中,屏幕上的所有用户界面元素都可落在预定数目的可能尺寸和形状内,由此允许用户界面在显示器上的更多功能布局。
本文中描述的原理可使用计算系统来实现。例如,用户可使用客户端计算系统参与该系统。支持该系统并且在其上提供可视化的可执行逻辑也可使用计算系统来执行。该计算系统甚至可以是分布式的。因此,现将提供对计算系统的简单描述。
计算系统现在越来越多地采取多种多样的形式。例如,计算系统可以是手持式设备、电器、膝上型计算机、台式计算机、大型机、分布式计算系统或甚至常规上不被认为是计算系统的设备。在本说明书以及权利要求书中,术语“计算系统”被广义地定义为包括任何设备或系统(或其组合),该设备或系统包含至少一个物理且有形的处理器以及其上能具有可由处理器执行的计算机可执行指令的物理且有形的存储器。存储器可以采取任何形式,并可以取决于计算系统的性质和形式。计算系统可以分布在网络环境中,并可包括多个组分计算系统。一示例计算系统在图1中示出。
如图1所例示,在其最基本的配置中,计算系统100通常包括至少一个处理单元102和存储器104。存储器104可以是物理系统存储器,该物理系统存储器可以是易失性的、非易失性的、或两者的某种组合。术语“存储器”也可在此用来指示诸如物理存储介质这样的非易失性大容量存储器。如果计算系统是分布式的,则处理、存储器和/或存储能力也可以是分布式的。如本文中所使用的,术语“可执行模块”或“可执行组件”可指可在计算系统上执行的软件对象、例程或方法。此处所描述的不同组件、模块、引擎以及服务可以实现为在计算系统上执行的对象或进程(例如,作为分开的线程)。
在随后的描述中,参考由一个或多个计算系统执行的动作描述了各实施例。如果这样的动作是以软件实现的,则执行动作的相关联计算系统的一个或多个处理器响应于已经执行了计算机可执行指令来引导计算系统的操作。例如,这样的计算机可执行指令可以在形成计算机程序产品的一个或多个计算机可读介质上实现。这样的操作的示例涉及对数据的操纵。计算机可执行指令(以及被操纵的数据)可以存储在计算系统100的存储器104中。计算系统100还可包含允许计算系统100例如通过网络110与其他消息处理器通信的通信信道108。
计算系统100还包括在其上可以呈现诸如在此所述的用户界面之类的用户界面的显示器112。这样的用户界面可以在渲染之前就在计算机硬件或其他由计算机表现的形式来生成。这样的用户界面的呈现和/或渲染可以由具有处理单元102的计算系统100来执行,所述处理单元执行在一个或多个计算机可读介质上具体化的一个或多个计算机可执行指令这样的计算机可读介质可以形成计算机程序产品的全部或部分。
本文中描述的各实施例可包括或利用专用或通用计算机,该专用或通用计算机包括诸如例如一个或多个处理器和系统存储器等计算机硬件,如以下更详细讨论的本文中描述的各实施例还包括用于承载或存储计算机可执行指令和/或数据结构的物理和其他计算机可读介质。这样的计算机可读介质可以是可由通用或专用计算机系统访问的任何可用介质。存储计算机可执行指令的计算机可读介质是物理存储介质。承载计算机可执行指令的计算机可读介质是传输介质。由此,作为示例而非限制,本发明的各实施例可包括至少两种显著不同的计算机可读介质:计算机存储介质和传输介质。
计算机存储介质包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其他光盘存储、磁盘存储或其他磁存储设备、或者可用于存储以计算机可执行指令或数据结构的形式的期望程序代码手段且可由通用或专用计算机访问的任何其他有形介质。
“网络”被定义为使得电子数据能够在计算机系统和/或模块和/或其它电子设备之间传输的一个或多个数据链路。当信息通过网络或另一个通信连接(硬连线、无线、或者硬连线或无线的组合)传输或提供给计算机时,该计算机将该连接适当地视为传输介质。传输介质可以包括可用于携带计算机可执行指令或数据结构形式的期望程序代码装置并可被通用或专用计算机访问的网络和/或数据链路。上述的组合应当也被包括在计算机可读介质的范围内。
此外,在到达各种计算机系统组件之后,计算机可执行指令或数据结构形式的程序代码资料可从传输介质自动传输到计算机存储介质(或反之亦然)。例如,通过网络或数据链路接收到的计算机可执行指令或数据结构可以在网络接口模块(例如,“NIC”)内的RAM中被缓冲,然后最终被传输至计算机系统RAM和/或计算机系统处的较不易失性的计算机存储介质。因而,应当理解,计算机存储介质可被包括在还利用(或甚至主要利用)传输介质的计算机系统组件中。
计算机可执行指令例如包括,当在处理器处执行时使通用计算机、专用计算机、或专用处理设备执行某一功能或某组功能的指令和数据。计算机可执行指令可以是例如二进制代码、诸如汇编语言之类的中间格式指令、或甚至源代码。尽管用结构特征和/或方法动作专用的语言描述了本主题,但可以理解,所附权利要求书中定义的主题不必限于上述特征或动作。相反,上述特征和动作是作为实现权利要求的示例形式而公开的。
本领域的技术人员将理解,本发明可以在具有许多类型的计算机系统配置的网络计算环境中实践,这些计算机系统配置包括个人计算机、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、消息处理器、手持式设备、多处理器系统、基于微处理器的或可编程消费电子设备、网络PC、小型计算机、大型计算机、移动电话、PDA、寻呼机、路由器、交换机等等。本发明也可在其中通过网络链接(或者通过硬连线数据链路、无线数据链路,或者通过硬连线和无线数据链路的组合)的本地和远程计算机系统两者都执行任务的分布式系统环境中实施。在分布式系统环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储器存储设备二者中。
本文中描述的各实施例涉及具有多个好处的用户界面元素(在本文中也被称为“部分”)。“部分”是将控件投影在屏幕中(例如,投影在计算系统100的显示器112中)的计算机识别的伪像。控件是用于将用户界面元素投影在屏幕中的可执行组件。部分是一个或多个控件的组合,这一个或多个控件被配置成用本文中被称为“系统”的特定计算执行上下文来执行。
如本文中将描述的,系统将用户界面(在本文中也被称为“门户”)呈现在显示器(诸如图1的显示器112)上。该系统可具有在其中运行的一个或多个应用。该系统可被看作操作系统,在该情况下,此一个或多个应用只是在该操作系统中运行的应用。另一方面,该系统也可能本身只是一应用(诸如,web浏览器),在该情况下,在该系统内运行的各应用可被看成该应用的“扩展”。在该描述以及权利要求书中,这样的“扩展”将被称为“应用”。
应用开发者可创建其自己的部分(非固有(extrinsic)部分)或者使用由该系统提供的部分(固有(intrinsic)部分)。固有部分被包括在可用部分的库内。非固有部分也可使用固有系统控件(诸如,以多个尺寸来显示、处理错误、示出进度等等),并组合有现有控件中的多个控件。这些部分具有标准的富功能(诸如,以多个尺寸显示、错误处理、进度指示等等)。
这些部分可被组合在作为可被看作一个单元的部分群组的“透镜组(lenses)”中。透镜组由扩展开发者定义,并且是部分群组。透镜组提供一种将各部分集合分组成单个单元并作为单个单元来到处移动各部分集合的方式。
部分向应用开发者提供用于以一致的方式显现用户体验的宽泛能力集合。这些能力可包括响应性(对多个显示尺寸作出响应和适配多个显示尺寸的能力)、自动对齐到布局、按一致的方式显现不同的状态(例如,执行、加载、进度条等等)、阻挡使得不可进行进一步的交互、显现一致的错误信息和条件、变成与系统中的资产相关联并对这些资产的生存期事件作出响应(例如,如果资产被删除,则做正确的事)、状态报告、改变成不同的部分、用户体验跨该系统的一致性、扩展之间的共享部分、代码杀毒处理等等。
这些部分提供用于创建各用户界面单元的方便的模型。开发者可提供会利用这些可用能力的模板和视图模型。此外,应用开发者所提供的所有代码通过构造将是一致的,因为这些代码将被杀毒(例如,将仅允许安全的脚本和样式)。
这些部分提供应用开发者可使用来将各用户界面单元投影在门户中的编程模型。每一部分都遵循某种编码模式以能够成为那个模型的一部分,这确保代码方面的一致性、核心功能的重复使用以及用户体验方面的一致且可预测的结果。
在一个实施例中,部分可被创作为模板(例如,诸如HTML5和knockout.js之类的常规标记)、样式(CSS3)和代码(TypeScript(类型脚本)中的视图模型)的组合。存在确保创作者提供一致且可预测的用户体验的规则。对于标记、css和knockout绑定,系统具有“杀毒”组件,该“杀毒”组件基本上是将可能潜在有害的所有代码或样式移除的编译时处理步骤。用于杀毒的规则由核心门户(这是门户团队)所拥有。通过进行这些,应用开发者可使用熟悉的工具来编写这些部分(例如,HTML5、knockout和CSS)并且不需要学习新的语言。
该部分的其他方面是可被执行以设立/构建该部分的代码(在本文中也被称为“视图模型”)或作为用户交互的结果。那个代码是使用门户隔离系统来执行的(使得它不会影响总体门户)。在那个视图模型应用中,创作者可编写任何有效的TypeScript/JavaScript(例如,计算、检索数据、变换数据等等)。模板对视图模型的改变作出反应,从而允许丰富和反应式的模式(例如在新数据可用时被更新的部分)。即使部分开发者就如何编写其各部分而言具有许多自由,仍存在他们需要遵循的某些模式。
每一部分都具有作为其与外壳的联系的“容器”(其被传递给构造函数处的实际部分实现),在容器中,各部分可用任何其他现有部分来影响标准行为。例如,使用该容器,扩展开发者可从该部分的一种状态移动到其他状态。这意味着它们可仅通过调用那个容器中的方法而无需编写该代码本身(这容易有错误和UX不一致)来提供一致的“加载状态”(例如,该部分示出进度条,并且不允许交互)。这些能力中的一些包括示出加载状态、移动到失败状态(例如错误)、执行操作、阻挡所有UI交互、显示标题和副标题、以及在视觉上示出总体状态(以调用主要能力中的一些)。
例如,图2A示出在一个示例中的依据部分显示的若干部分状态。左边部分示出具有常规状态的部分。中间部分示出底部具有非确定性进度条的阻挡部分(没有用户交互)。右边部分示出底部具有确定性进度条的部分。图2B示出处于失败状态的部分。这样的部分状态指示可以是容器的标准功能,并且由此跨所有部分(或者至少大多数部分)被一致地提供。
图3示出显示标题和副标题的部分,其贯穿所有(或大多数)部分表现一致。例如,对于所有部分,标题可具有相同的字体、尺寸、色彩和位置。同样,副标题可针对所有部分具有相同的字体、尺寸、色彩和位置。因此,标题和副标题呈现可以是容器的一部分,并由是跨所有(或大多数)部分提供的标准功能的一部分。
图4示出具有各种内容状态的部分。注意,内容状态通常指代其底层资源的状态。例如,错误不意味着该部分是错误的(某部分本身的错误状态在图2中示出)。实际上,错误可意味着由该部分表示的底层网站处于错误状态。
除了以上提到的一致性(显现状态和信息)外,部分基础结构被设计成很好地适合于门户布局模型。各部分自动地正确地显示在网格中。如以上所提到的,各部分也支持多种尺寸。应用开发者可决定他们想要支持什么尺寸并可为每一尺寸提供不同的用户体验。换言之,取决于该部分,不同的数据可按不同的方式被投影在该部分内。
例如,图5示出端点监视部分的两个实例。在左边的实例500A中,该部分较小,并且由此较少量的数据被投影在该部分中。在右边的实例500B中,该部分较大,并且由此较大量的数据被投影在该部分中,并且是按允许更多细节被查看到的方式来投影的。由此,重设用户界面元素的尺寸比简单地使用户界面元素变得更大或更小要复杂的多。
受支持的部分由门户提供(使得它是与被设计成很好的适合于布局引擎的一致列表)。作为这个的结果,扩展开发者(门户扩展创作者)可基于可用真实状态以及他们想要传达的信息的重要性使用处于不同尺寸的各部分来创建其刀片。用户可稍后决定他们是否想要重设该部分的尺寸,并且如果如此,则他们可将该部分的尺寸改变为所支持的尺寸中的任一者(参见图5)。
在图6中,上下文菜单允许用户为所选的部分选择可用尺寸之一。一旦选择了尺寸,就用那个尺寸来渲染该部分。注意每一部分具有预定数目的尺寸。例如,所有部分可遵从预定的可选尺寸集合,由此允许这些部分良好容适在网格模式中。
部分可与门户中的资产相关联。例如,图7中示出了表示网站的部分。注意,名称、资源类型、图标类型和状态在该部分中是如何被显现的。
这意味着该部分可显现关于那个资源的实况信息(例如,状态),并向用户提供与该资产相关联的命令(例如,如图8中的停止、开始、删除网站)。因此,命令调用功能还可能是由容器向每一部分提供的标准功能的一部分。
此外,如果资源已被删除,则该部分可被移除或者示出“资源”删除用户体验(这全部是通过门户来进行的,而不需要部分创作者干预)。那些部分还可发起与该资源相关联的主要流,使得它们既是那个资源的实际表示也是开始与该资源相关联的行程的方式。
部分创作者可创建其部分内的复杂交互。例如,部分创作者可决定具有被悬停或点击时更新图表下面的各标签的值的图表(参见图9)或者在单个条被点击时去往另一刀片的图表。
部分创作者可定义其部分内可导致底层视图模型的改变的“热点”(这些热点是部分内的交互式区域),这些改变可改变什么被显现在部分中(记住,这些部分是反应式的,因此视图模型的改变被明显地推送到模板)。门户还提供各部分可利用的富选择模型(再次导致跨板的一致行为以及部分创作者要编写的更少的代码)。
在一些情况下,部分将使其视觉表示改变为其他事物。例如,一旦供应被完成,表示正被供应的资源的部分将改变为实际资源(参见图10)。
另一示例是在网站中设置连续部署:如果它没有被设置,则用于“设置连续部署”的部分被显示,但一旦它被设置了,则实际连续部署被显示。可用改变集合是场景专用的,并由该系统来控制和限制。
作为门户的一部分,各部分也是绑定系统中的参与者。这意味着这些部分可提供/接收来自其他部分或用户界面元素的数据。作为这个的结果,各部分还可对在门户的其他部分中发生的改变或事件作出反应。例如,我们可具有包含示出某时间段内的请求的若干图表的刀片以及顶部的用户可设置该时间段的部分。当该时间段被改变(例如,从1天改变为7天)时,所有这些部分都对那个改变作出反应,并且其图表显示最后的7天。作为这个的结果,各部分可以是富生态系统的一部分,并且支持/允许超出其实际小部件的界限的丰富体验。
应用可展示其各部分以由其他应用使用。通过富生态系统,可提供不同的应用可在哪些地方对提供丰富体验作出贡献。例如,我们可用(由网站应用提供的)网站部分、(由数据库应用提供的)示出与该站点相关联的数据库的数据库部分以及(由TFS提供的)连续部署部分的集合来创建用户界面元素。例如,在图11的用户界面元素中,网站和数据库可一起被管理,并且该网站的部署的最新状态可被评估。
各部分在不同的上下文中可统一地表现和显示。例如,某部分可被锁定到开始板(一个上下文),并保留其在刀片中具有的所有行为(除了像‘锁定到开始’之类的不再有意义的那些行为以外)。图12示出两个不同的上下文1201和1202。部分1210被示为不管该部分1210在上下文1201内还是在上下文1202内均具有相同的命令菜单(以及其他标准功能)。
因此,本文中描述的原理提供用于呈现具有标准功能的用户界面元素的模型,而不管其中显示这些部分的上下文如何。这允许一致的功能,即使在其中多个应用向系统提供用户界面部分的组合系统中也是如此。此外,重设尺寸可以是标准功能的一部分,并且可受限于允许这些部分的合理布局的预定数目的尺寸和形状。此外,重设部分的尺寸会影响投影到该部分中的数据以及如何投影该数据。由此,与仅仅使得事物变得更大和更小相比,重设尺寸更智能。
本发明可具体化为其它具体形式而不背离其本质特征。所描述的实施例在所有方面都应被认为仅是说明性而非限制性的。从而,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书而非前述描述指示。落入权利要求书的等效方案的含义和范围内的所有改变应被权利要求书的范围所涵盖。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于在屏幕上可视化用户界面元素的方法,所述方法包括:
将用第一尺寸和形状配置的所述用户界面元素放置在屏幕上的动作,所述用户界面元素具有预定数目的可能尺寸和形状,每一可能尺寸和形状对应于不同细节的数据投影;以及
在具有第一尺寸和形状的所述用户界面元素被放置在所述屏幕上时通过所述用户界面元素提供第一数据投影的动作,
其中所述用户界面元素包括作为与外壳的联系的容器,所述容器被传递给所述用户界面元素的构造函数处的用户界面元素的实际实现,并且包括至少大多数用户界面元素的一致标准功能,所述用户界面元素显示对应资源的状态,所述容器被用于将所述用户界面元素从一种状态移动到其他状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括:
检测针对所述用户界面元素的用户发出的重设尺寸命令以将所述用户界面元素改变为用第二尺寸和形状配置的动作。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括响应于所述检测动作进行以下:
将用第二尺寸和形状配置的所述用户界面元素放置在所述屏幕上的动作;以及
在具有所述第二尺寸和形状的所述用户界面元素被放置在所述屏幕上时通过所述用户界面元素来提供第二数据投影的动作,所述第二数据投影包括至少一些与所述第一数据投影不同的数据。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用户界面元素与将数据投影在所述用户界面元素中的控件相关联。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述标准功能包括内容状态指示。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述标准功能包括命令调用功能。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述标准功能包括用户界面元素重设尺寸功能。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用户界面元素能被移动到用户界面内的不同上下文,而不会改变所述标准功能。
9.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,与所述用户界面元素的交互影响被投影在另一用户界面元素处的数据。
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