CN105683505B - 在后缘具有中央吹出部的涡轮叶片或轮叶 - Google Patents

在后缘具有中央吹出部的涡轮叶片或轮叶 Download PDF

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CN105683505B
CN105683505B CN201480058729.2A CN201480058729A CN105683505B CN 105683505 B CN105683505 B CN 105683505B CN 201480058729 A CN201480058729 A CN 201480058729A CN 105683505 B CN105683505 B CN 105683505B
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trailing edge
airfoil
platform
vane
turbine blade
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CN105683505A (zh
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F·阿玛德
A·黑泽尔豪斯
R·拉杜洛维克
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/18Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187Convection cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12Cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/18Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/186Film cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/28Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288Protective coatings for blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/041Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/20Rotors
    • F05D2240/30Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/304Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the trailing edge of a rotor blade
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/80Platforms for stationary or moving blades
    • F05D2240/81Cooled platforms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/202Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种涡轮机叶片或轮叶(10),叶片或轮叶具有空气动力学翼型(12),其从底端(14)延伸到顶端并且包括两个在其间延伸的翼型壁(16、18),所述翼型壁横向于其从共同前缘延伸到共同后缘(20),并且具有至少一个平台(22),所述平台相对于所述翼型(12)横向延伸并被布置在所述翼型(12)的两端中的一端,其中,多个开口(28、32)在底端(14)和顶端之间被设置后缘(20)内。为了减少在涡轮机叶片(10)的平台(22)内的热机械应力,并从而获得耐用的涡轮机叶片(10),根据本发明提供的是,最靠近平台表面(30)布置的后缘(20)内的开口(32)延伸到平台表面(30)中,或者面向翼型(12)的平台表面(30)在最靠近所讨论的平台(22)的开口(28)的区域内被局部降低,并且所讨论的开口(32)具有这样的形式,它打开进入由于降低部(34)变得自由的后缘部的一部分(36)。

Description

在后缘具有中央吹出部的涡轮叶片或轮叶
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有空气动力学弯曲翼型的涡轮机叶片或轮叶,该叶片或轮叶从根侧端向头侧端延伸,并且该叶片或轮叶包括在其间延伸并横向于其从共同前缘延伸到共同后缘的两个翼型壁,并且具有至少一个平台,该平台横向于翼型延伸并被布置在翼型的两端中的一端处,其中,在根侧端和头侧端之间在后缘内设置有多个开口。
背景技术
在引言中提到的涡轮机叶片或轮叶从可用的广泛现有技术中是已知的,并且通常被称为涡轮机叶片或轮叶,其中内部所需的用于冷却翼型的冷却空气在吸入侧壁和压力侧壁之间在后缘处在中心被吹出。相比于消减(cut-back)后缘,具有中央吹出部的后缘具有厚的结构。
但是,已经发现的是,过热现象可能在后缘下游的平台侧出现。过热的这些情况可能减少涡轮机叶片或轮叶的使用寿命。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供具有冷却空气的中央后缘吹出部的耐用涡轮机叶片或轮叶。
本发明所基于的目的分别通过根据专利权利要求1和根据专利权利要求2的涡轮机叶片或轮叶实现。
根据第一个解决方案,根据本发明提供的是,最靠近平台表面布置的后缘中的开口延伸远到平台表面中。根据第二个解决方案,提供的是,在最靠近所讨论的平台的开口的区域内,与平台的相邻区域相比,面向翼型的平台表面被局部降低,并且所讨论的开口具有在借助于降低已变得自由的后缘部内打开的这样的形式。
两发明的共同特征是,可以通过增加最靠近平台的开口的尺寸来实现后缘的下游的平台的改进冷却。借助于减小的距离,或凭借距离被移除,冷却空气以这样的方式靠近平台被吹出,即它几乎可以实现后缘的下游的平台的薄膜冷却。如果在操作过程中涡轮机叶片或轮叶被用于布置成环的燃气涡轮机中,这也尤其适用于那些邻近所讨论的涡轮机叶片或轮叶的平台的其他区域。
因此,根据本发明提供两种解决方案,冷却空气可以比以前还更靠近壁被吹出后缘,这减少了流过平台的热气体介质的影响。这降低了涡轮机叶片或轮叶的热力学负荷,其结果是涡轮机叶片或轮叶的使用寿命可以被增加。
根据本发明的第一有利改进,所讨论的开口具有比后缘中的其他开口更大的流出截面。这具有的效果是,首先在后缘处会聚的翼型壁,以及其次位于下游的后缘的区域可被充分地冷却。
根据第二解决方案的另一有利配置,降低部被配置为具有带两个翼形区域的箭头形轮廓,其中-相对于围绕翼型流动的介质-箭头侧,但轮廓的倒圆端,位于后缘的下游并且翼型的两侧上的翼形区域始于后缘的上游。这使得围绕所述降低的材料内的热机械应力被降低。翼形区域优选始于后缘的附近。所述翼形区域的开始因此被定位为比翼型的前缘显著更靠近后缘。
有利的是涡轮机叶片或轮叶可以呈导向轮叶或转子叶片的形式,无论是具有一个平台或具有两个平台。在后一种情况下,该平台则在翼型上被布置在头部侧和根部侧。
如果涡轮机叶片或轮叶至少在平台表面上设置有隔热保护层,如果合适的话,根据本发明的解决方案使得所述涡轮机叶片或轮叶甚至能够被保护免受由过度伸长引起的碎裂,并且这同样地增加了涂覆的涡轮机叶片或轮叶的使用寿命。
附图说明
本发明的进一步优点和特征将参照其他示例实施例更加详细地进行说明。
在附图中:
图1示出了根据第一示例实施例的涡轮机叶片或轮叶(仅示出一部分)的后缘透视图,以及
图2示出了根据本发明的涡轮机叶片或轮叶的第二示例性实施例,其具有在后缘的下游局部降低的平台。
在所有的附图中,相同的特征设有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1部分示出了涡轮机叶片或轮叶10。如从现有技术已知的涡轮机叶片或轮叶,所示出的涡轮机叶片或轮叶10包括空气动力学弯曲翼型12,它从根侧端14延伸到头侧端(未示出),并在这方面包括压力侧翼型壁16和与其相对定位的吸入侧翼型壁18,在热气体的流动方向上,其从共同前缘(未示出)延伸到共同后缘20。平台22被布置在翼型12的根侧端14。叶片或轮叶根部26被设置在平台22的远离翼型12的侧面24,并且可用于将涡轮机叶片或轮叶10紧固到支撑结构。如果涡轮机叶片或轮叶10被配置为转子叶片,支撑结构通常是转子盘或单块转子体。相反,如果涡轮机叶片或轮叶10被配置为导向轮叶,支撑结构被称为涡轮机导向轮叶支撑。
多个开口28沿着后缘20被提供,并且在后者中,这些开口大多以横越翼型12的高度均匀分布的方式被布置。根据本发明的第一示例性实施例,如图1所示,最靠近平台表面30被布置的开口32具有这样的形式,其延伸远到平台表面30。因此,所讨论的开口32的出口横截面的一部分位于后缘20内,并且出口横截面的另一部分位于平台表面30内。与此相反,在现有技术中,开口32终止于与平台表面30重合的假想平面上方。
图2示出了本发明的第二示例性实施例,与图1相同的特征在这里类似地被指示。但是,与第一示例性实施例相反,在第二实施方式的情况下,在后缘20的下游平台表面30被略微局部降低,从而产生比较小的降低部34。相比于第一示例性实施例的后缘20,第二示例性实施例的后缘20在平台侧略微延伸。该延伸在以下被称为后缘部36。根据图2所示的示例性实施例,最靠近平台22的开口32具有这样的形式,即其在借助于降低部34已变得自由的后缘部36内打开。因此,最靠近平台的开口32的一部分位于与平台表面30的大部分重合的平面下方。
降低部34具有大致箭头形状的轮廓,并且因此包括两个翼形区域40a、40b和箭头侧,以及相对于围绕翼型12流动的介质布置在后缘20的下游的略微倒圆端38。轮廓以及因而降低部34以这样的方式被成形,翼型12两侧上的翼形区域40a、40b始于后缘20的上游,但不过度远离所述后缘20。换句话说,翼形区域40a、40b在每种情况下出现,以形成倒钩,并开始比翼型12的前缘更靠近后缘20。
因此作为一个整体,本发明涉及具有空气动力学翼型12的涡轮机叶片或轮叶10,翼型从根侧端14延伸到头侧端,并且其包括在其间延伸并横向于其从共同前缘延伸到共同后缘的翼型壁16、18,并且叶片或轮叶具有至少一个平台22,该平台横向于翼型12延伸并被布置在翼型12的两端中的一端,其中,在根侧端和头侧端之间在后缘20内设置有多个开口28、32。为了减少在涡轮机叶片或轮叶10的平台22内由热气体引起的热机械应力,并从而获得耐用的涡轮机叶片或轮叶10,根据本发明提供的是,最靠近平台表面30布置的后缘20内的开口32延伸远到平台表面30,或者面向翼型12的平台表面30在所讨论的最靠近平台22的开口28的区域内被局部降低,并且所讨论的开口32具有这样的形式,它打开进入借助于降低部34变得自由的后缘部36内。

Claims (5)

1.一种涡轮机叶片或轮叶(10),所述涡轮机叶片或轮叶具有空气动力学弯曲翼型(12),所述翼型从根侧端(14)延伸到头侧端并且包括两个翼型壁(16、18),所述两个翼型壁在其间延伸并横向于其从共同前缘延伸到共同后缘(20),所述两个翼型壁(16、18)在所述后缘(20)处合并在一起,并且所述涡轮机叶片或轮叶具有至少一个平台(22),所述平台横向于所述翼型(12)延伸并被布置在所述翼型(12)的两端中的一端,所述平台(22)具有平台表面(30),
其中,多个开口(28、32)在所述根侧端(14)和所述头侧端之间被设置在所述后缘(20)内的中央处,以形成所述后缘的中央吹出部,
其特征在于,
所述后缘(20)内的最靠近所述平台表面(30)布置的开口(32)延伸远到所述平台表面(30)内,其中所述后缘(20)内的最靠近所述平台表面(30)布置的所述开口(32)的一部分位于所述后缘(20)内,并且所述后缘(20)内的最靠近所述平台表面(30)布置的所述开口(32)的另一部分沿着所述后缘(20)和所述平台表面(30)之间的过渡延伸,而延伸到下游所述平台表面(30)内,所延伸的开口用于在所述后缘的下游创建所述平台的薄膜冷却;
其中最靠近所述平台表面(30)布置的所述开口(32)具有比其他开口(28)更大的流出截面。
2.一种涡轮机叶片或轮叶(10),所述涡轮机叶片或轮叶具有空气动力学弯曲翼型(12),所述翼型从根侧端(14)延伸到头侧端并且包括两个翼型壁(16,18),所述两个翼型壁在其间延伸并横向于其从共同前缘延伸到共同后缘(20),所述两个翼型壁(16、18)在所述后缘(20)处合并在一起,并且所述涡轮机叶片或轮叶具有至少一个平台(22),所述平台横向于所述翼型(12)延伸并被布置在所述翼型(12)的两端中的一端,
其中,多个开口(28)在所述根侧端(14)和所述头侧端之间被设置在所述后缘(20)内的中央处,以形成所述后缘的中央吹出部,
其特征在于,
在最靠近所述平台(22)的开口(32)的区域内、面向所述翼型(12)的平台表面(30)被局部降低,并且最靠近所述平台表面(30)布置的开口具有在后缘部(36)内打开的形式,所述后缘部借助于降低部(34)而变得悬置,
其中所述降低部(34)被配置有箭头形轮廓,所述箭头形轮廓具有两个翼形区域(40a、40b),其中相对于围绕所述翼型(12)流动的介质,所述轮廓的箭头侧端(38)被设置在所述后缘(20)的下游,并且在所述翼型(12)的两侧上的所述翼形区域(40a、40b)始于所述后缘(20)的上游。
3.如权利要求2所述的涡轮机叶片或轮叶,其中所述翼形区域(40a、40b)始于所述后缘(20)的附近。
4.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的涡轮机叶片或轮叶(10),所述涡轮机叶片或轮叶的所述平台被涂覆。
5.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的涡轮机叶片或轮叶(10),所述涡轮机叶片或轮叶是呈导向轮叶或者转子叶片的形式。
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EP3039246A1 (de) 2016-07-06
US20160281512A1 (en) 2016-09-29
WO2015063021A1 (de) 2015-05-07
EP2868867A1 (de) 2015-05-06
EP3039246B1 (de) 2020-08-26
US10487669B2 (en) 2019-11-26

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