CN105682746B - 使用致密流变改性剂制备个人护理组合物的方法 - Google Patents
使用致密流变改性剂制备个人护理组合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105682746B CN105682746B CN201480059382.3A CN201480059382A CN105682746B CN 105682746 B CN105682746 B CN 105682746B CN 201480059382 A CN201480059382 A CN 201480059382A CN 105682746 B CN105682746 B CN 105682746B
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Abstract
本发明提供了使用致密流变改性剂控制粘度增长的制备个人护理组合物如洁齿剂的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制备个人护理组合物的方法,具体为涉及加入致密流变改性剂的方法。
背景技术
当前洁齿剂通常使用真空容器如配备有高剪切混合装置的间歇混合槽,以间歇工艺中制得。根据限定的配方,加入混合槽中的是适量投配以制备洁齿剂的所有成分。风味剂和其它油在各个点加入到批料中,以最小化损耗并且最大化在批料中消泡的有益效果。通常将液体加入混合槽中,作为第一步。将盐直接加入混合槽中,或首先加入浆液槽中,然后再加入混合槽中。通常将研磨剂直接加入混合槽中,然而研磨剂也可预成浆并且作为预混物递送至混合槽中。
流变改性剂可直接加入混合槽中,或经由离线预制浆液(槽或在线)加入。直接至混合槽选项需要显著地批料内混合(通常高能),这可占用显著的处理时间来完成。离线选项需要更多的资本资产来支持不同的配方。一般来讲,典型工艺的最后步骤是加入表面活性剂。保留表面活性剂至批量终点,使得槽脱气更易于完成。即使保留表面活性剂至间歇制备工艺终点,当在残留的先前批料上制备洁齿剂批料时,来自第一批料的残留表面活性剂可造成显著的脱气挑战。制备洁齿剂时,这些挑战可占至多30%的总处理时间。
使成分再循环通过高剪切混合装置,将成分混合在一起,以形成最终均匀的个人护理组合物。然后向混合槽施加真空以使洁齿剂脱气至期望的最终密度。加入流变改性剂使得预混物增稠,致使脱气更困难,因为更难以将空气从厚预混物中排出。由于混合过程期间流变改性剂的加入,所述最终预混物具有糊状粘度,紧贴混合槽内表面,妨碍预混物从混合槽中泵出时,移出所有预混物。这需要在制备另一种制剂前,将混合槽清洁。当前这占用很长的时间(>1h)和大量的水来清洁间歇制备容器。这导致因时间损失而显著降低生产能力,因为不能在清洁体系的同时生产新制剂。因此,由于最终预混物的高粘度,处理时间缓慢并且损耗高。
需要的是因批间清洁次数而具有缩短的停机时间的洁齿剂制备方法。
发明内容
提供了制备个人护理组合物的方法,所述方法包括在混合槽中形成预混物,所述预混物具有比包装的个人护理组合物更低的粘度;将致密流变改性剂加入预混物中;将所述预混物从混合槽转移;以及对所述预混物进行包装以制备个人护理组合物。
提供了制备个人护理组合物的制备方法,所述方法包括在混合槽中形成预混物,所述预混物具有比包装的个人护理组合物更低的粘度;将流变改性剂压实;将致密流变改性剂加入预混物中;将所述预混物从混合槽转移;以及对所述预混物进行包装以制备个人护理组合物。
附图说明
图1为示出本发明的实施方案的工艺流程图。
图2为测试混合容器的透视图。
图3为混合叶轮的侧视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及将流变改性剂延缓释放到个人护理组合物预混物如洁齿剂预混物中。流变改性剂的延缓释放可通过多种技术来实现,如物理涂覆、化学涂覆、或粒度控制。已发现,如果流变改性剂的水合率小于约1.0×10-3s-1,则个人护理组合物配制过程的大部分可在显著更低的粘度下完成。
除非另外指明,本文和权利要求中引用的所有部分、百分比和比例均按所述总组合物的重量计。除非另外指明,对总组合物的所有测定均在25摄氏度下进行。
如本文所用,字词“或”在用作两个或更多个元素的连词时,是指包括单独的所述元素或所述元素的组合;例如X或Y是指X或Y或二者。
所谓“个人护理组合物”是指在常规使用过程中被施用至身体表面或与身体表面接触以提供有益效果的产品。身体表面包括皮肤,例如表皮或粘膜;身体表面还包括与身体表面相关联的结构,例如毛发、牙齿、或指/趾甲。个人护理组合物的示例包括被施用于人体以改善外观、清洁、气味控制或整体美观的产品。个人护理组合物的非限制性示例包括毛发着色组合物、口腔护理组合物、剃须后凝胶和霜膏、剃须前准备物、剃须凝胶、霜膏或泡沫、保湿剂和洗剂、咳嗽和感冒组合物、免洗型皮肤洗剂和霜膏、洗发剂、调理剂、沐浴凝胶、条皂、盥洗室条皂、止汗剂、除臭剂、脱毛剂、口红、粉底、睫毛膏、防晒美黑霜和防晒乳液。
如本文所用,所谓“口腔护理组合物”是指在一般使用过程中不是被故意吞咽以用于特定治疗剂的全身给药的目的,而是在口腔中保留足够长的时间以接触牙齿表面或口腔组织的产品。口腔护理组合物的示例包括牙粉、牙胶、龈下凝胶、漱口水、摩丝、泡沫、口喷剂、锭剂、咀嚼片、口香糖、牙齿增白条带、牙线及牙线涂层、口气清新可溶解条带、或义齿护理或粘合剂产品。所述口腔护理组合物还可掺到贴条或膜中,用于直接施用或粘附到口腔表面。
如本文所用,术语“牙粉”包括牙齿或龈下糊剂、凝胶、或液体制剂,除非另外指明。洁齿剂组合物可以是单相组合物,或可以是两种或更多种单独洁齿剂组合物的组合。洁齿剂组合物可呈任何期望的形式,如深条纹的、表面条纹的、多层的、糊剂周围有凝胶的、或它们的任何组合。在包括两种或更多种单独洁齿剂组合物的洁齿剂中,每种洁齿剂组合物可被包含于物理分离的分配器室中,并且并排分配。
设备
根据叶轮设计将测试混合容器尺寸优化,以提供充分的液体/液体或液体/固体混合。对于水合率实验,对一种叶轮类型的典型实验设计详述于下文中,并且是用于支持本专利申请中所包括的水合率数据的设计。对于其它叶轮,对该叶轮优化测试混合容器内径和高度以及叶轮直径、间隙等。
1.测试混合容器:
a.将测试混合容器设计成微型版的传统混合槽。测试混合容器由通常为光学透明的丙烯酸或聚氯乙烯(PVC)的塑性材料构造。如图2所示,测试混合容器30的形状为圆柱形,具有平坦的底部和两个单独的注入口32以供材料加入。
b.测试混合容器尺寸:
i.内径:38.3mm
ii.外径:42mm
iii.容器高度:65mm
iv.注入口直径:5mm,圆形,间隔30mm,从容器底部约35mm
2.混合叶轮:
a.如图3所示,混合叶轮40为将传统斜叶桨与翼型桨叶轮设计相结合的叶轮设计。与上文测试混合容器相对应的混合叶轮的尺寸如下:
i.混合叶轮叶片直径(BD):32.5mm
ii.混合叶轮叶片宽度(BW):13mm
iii.混合叶轮轴的长度(L):55mm
3.流变仪:
a.配备有定制珀尔帖基容器托架的TA Instruments ARG2或DHR3受控应力流变仪(TA Instruments,New Castle,DE)
4.方法:
a.经由密度计、比重瓶等测定洁齿剂基液的密度。
b.基于流体密度,称量适量的洁齿剂基体材料,以向测试混合容器中提供28-30mL流体。
c.配制致密流变改性剂以达到期望的粒度和硬度。
d.将测试混合容器安装在基座托架上,并且将混合叶轮对齐/中心对准测试混合容器。
e.将混合叶轮下降至测试混合容器的混合室中。混合叶轮和测试混合容器之间的典型侧壁间隙为约5.5mm。间隙可因另选的叶轮类型和测试混合容器尺寸而变化。
f.流变仪方法
i.采用传统的流量-峰值保持实验设计,其中监测粘度和扭矩,作为剪切速率随时间推移的函数。
ii.将流变仪设定至期望的温度。
iii.将混合叶轮速率设定至期望的rpm以产生期望的叶轮剪切速率。期望的剪切速率通常在1至数百s-1范围内。
iv.实验长度可从1分钟变化至10分钟,这取决于所形成的制剂。一些具有较少水的制剂需要至多1小时的较长时间段来分析。
v.在实验过程中以0.5至1秒每数据点的速率收集时间、扭矩和粘度数据。
g.使叶轮保持在适当的位置,在小于两秒内将粉末和/或基料浆液通过侧端口注入到测试混合容器中时,开启分析程序。
h.随测定时间的推移,监测粘度和扭矩,取样速率小于每秒一次。
i.在限定的测试运行结束(通常运行10分钟)后,对原始数据进行Metzner-Otto校正(Ait-kadi A.,Marchal P.,Choplin L.,Chrissement,A.,Bousmina M.,“QuantitativeAnalysis of Mixer-Type Rheometers using the Couette Analogy”,Canadian J.ChemEng.,80(6),1166-1174,2002)。
测试可清楚地显示各不同类型和压实程度如何影响流变改性剂随时间推移改变粘度的程度。通过显著降低体系中流变改性剂的水合率,可在显著减少损耗下处理所述体系。最好使用以下公式来计算该情况下的水合率:
其中:μ3600s–加入致密流变改性剂后60分钟测得的粘度(Pa.s)
μ0–致密流变改性剂加入前测得的体系粘度(Pa.s)
RH–体系的水合率
具体地,可通过在流变改性剂加入洁齿剂预混物中之前将其压实,来提供延缓释放。压实延缓了流变改性剂的活化,使得预混物初始不显著增稠,直至预混物基本上离开混合槽后。由于流变改性剂不显著增稠预混物,直至预混物离开混合槽后,因此冲洗混合槽的损失最小化,并且混合槽中的工艺吞吐量因流变性下降而更快。预混物的低流变性还增加脱气的效率和速度,这可在粘度增加之前实施,如在线实施,泵送通过高剪切研磨之前实施或在混合槽中实施。在某些实施方案中,在加入表面活性剂之前将预混物脱气,以减少胶束的生成。
本发明的例示性处理图示于图1中。在某些实施方案中,通过将大量粉末状流变改性剂10在受控体积流量下加入辊压机12的反向旋转辊的辊隙中,将流变改性剂压实。可将辊表面刻痕以提供具有任何期望形状的波纹化、图案化或方块化的致密流变改性剂。例如,在一些应用中,波纹化有利于精细给料流入到辊隙中。在辊压机中,压实步骤所用的力可从约300千克力/线性厘米辊宽变化至约4,000千克力/线性厘米辊宽或更高。在某些实施方案中,用于辊压机压实的施加力的范围在约1400千克力/线性厘米辊宽至约2,500千克力/线性厘米辊宽范围内。压实步骤可在高或低施压率下实施。
在其中平均粒度范围是可取的某些实施方案中,用作喂料的流变改性剂的平均粒度可从约0.5μm变化至约1000μm,其中大部分颗粒在约25μm至约250μm的范围内。加入到本发明压实过程中的精细颗粒的堆密度可在约0.2至约0.8g/cc的范围内。
压实可在较低相对湿度和环境温度下实施。经由辊在流变改性剂精细颗粒上施加机械压力的压实步骤将温度升高约10℃至约40℃。一般无需冷却压力辊,直至对致密流变改性剂具有不利的影响。
然后经由适于形成期望粒度的装置粉碎致密流变改性剂,其可根据本发明有效粒化,如使用研磨14磨碎。研磨机如由Prater-Sterling Company(Bolingbrook,Illinois)和HiBar Systems Limited(Richmond Hill,Ontario)制造的那些可用于由压实片材、条带、薄片或碎片制备成期望尺寸的颗粒。
粉碎后,可将流变改性剂分类,以提供期望的粒度以加入预混物中。如果可获得适当的颗粒分类,则可使用任何适当的筛分或筛选装置16,包括筛网、穿孔板、布料等。可将大颗粒再循环至辊压机以进一步处理。研磨可包括若干分离、再循环和筛分步骤,以获得期望的粒度。颗粒应具有一定尺寸,使得预混物的粘度在主混合槽中不显著增加,而是随着致密流变改性剂颗粒在浆液中缓慢水合而缓慢增加。在某些实施方案中,致密流变改性剂具有通过325目的小于约25%或小于约20%的粒度分布,即小于44μm;100目上约40%至约70%,或约45%至约65%的粒度分布,即大于约149μm;和40目上最大约10%或约5%的粒度分布,即大于约420μm。粒度可基于所用流变改性剂类型而变化。然后可储存所得致密流变改性剂,以稍后使用或运送至混合槽。
可将涂料加入到致密流变改性剂中,进一步影响体系中致密流变改性剂分散或水合的方式。流变改性剂也可与其它制剂组分一起压实,以改善分散,进一步延缓流变性增加,或递送当前可能不可行的其它成分。例如,将流变改性剂与二氧化硅一起压实,可显著降低获得最终致密颗粒的精细分散体所需的能量。将聚丙烯酸与酸盐压实可提供局部较低的pH区,延缓中和,并且有效延缓流变率增加。
一般在加入致密流变改性剂之前,混合工艺起始于将液体4加入混合槽20中。混合槽20提供用于制备混合物中液体和固体组分的低粘度浆液的装置。可将液体4直接加入混合槽20中,或可通过在线分配装置如喷射器加入,其示例包括由Vortex Ventures(Houston,TX)出售的Lobestar喷射器,使得粉末与液体同时加入。将主要液体(通常为湿润剂、水、pH调节剂、和可能的风味剂和乳化剂)加入槽中后,可将粉末6(或剩余的粉末)加入混合槽20中。在某些实施方案中,粉末6可经由在线分配装置如喷射器22加入,以使加入期间的分配最大化,这使总处理时间最少化。粉末6通常从用于所述体系的盐开始,然后加入一种或多种研磨剂。也可在该点加入视觉成分如云母、丸粒和美化剂。
在所有材料混合后,将批料混合一定时间以递送均匀性。为确定混合充分,可采用体系泵送速率与悬浮液沉降速率之间的关系来计算体系悬浮率。约一或更大的体系悬浮率确保体系将不沉降,并且保持均匀。可如下确定体系悬浮率:首先测量悬浮液的沉降速率。确定悬浮液沉降速率后,可计算体系的泵送速率。体系悬浮率如下计算:
其中:Qp–体系泵送速率(参见下文论述)(m3/s)
Vb–当量批料体积(m3)
SRf–由所附方法测得的流体沉降速率(1/s)
SSR–体系悬浮率
Qp可使用流量计对外部再循环回路进行测量,或由用于计算搅拌槽中搅拌器泵送速率的以下计算方法来测量:如:Paul,Edward L,Atiemo-Obeng,Victor A,Kresta,Suzanne M.(2004)Handbook of Industrial Mixing-Science and Practice.JohnWiley&Sons.
第358-360页中所示。
Q=NQ×N×D3
其中
NQ=泵送数,这取决于叶轮类型、D/τ比率和叶轮雷诺数
并且叶轮雷诺数为:
N=叶轮速率
D=叶轮直径
下表示出湍流条件下各种叶轮的泵送数数值。在某些实施方案中,泵送数介于约0.4NQ至0.8NQ之间。
表1
叶轮类型 | N<sub>Q</sub> |
推进器 | 0.4-0.6 |
斜叶桨 | 0.79 |
翼型桨叶轮 | 0.55-0.73 |
回转曲线叶轮 | 0.3 |
平叶桨 | 0.7 |
直叶圆盘涡轮(Rushton) | 0.72 |
中空叶片涡轮(Smith) | 0.76 |
混合可在真空下或大气条件下进行。在某些实施方案中,可进行非真空条件下的混合,因为流体的低粘度允许体系自脱气。能够在非真空条件下制备,这降低了体系的能耗,改善了整个工艺的效率。因此,通常在约15℃至约55℃的温度的混合槽内,使预混物以约1.5或更大,或约2或更大的体系悬浮率(SSR),在环境条件下约0至30分钟。较低的粘度能够获得更高的体系泵送率,致使混合时间缩短,以提升工艺效率。致密流变改性剂可在批料内的任何点加入,只要体系的水合率在加工时间内保持约1.0×10-3s-1或更低,所述加工时间可小于约两小时或小于约一小时。在某些实施方案中,致密流变改性剂可在批料末端加入。可经由任何适宜方法将致密流变改性剂加入混合槽中,或在线加入,例如自预称重或自台车真空泵入,经由螺旋计量,或自预称重料斗或漏斗重力进料。基于所加入致密流变改性剂的量和类型以及消费者对所结构化制剂的预期,致密流变改性剂可以按所述预混物的重量计约0.1%至约15.0%的量加入。
例如,参照图1,在某些实施方案中,可通过主要端口向混合槽20中加入山梨醇、水、颜料、染料和聚山梨酸酯80,并且设置搅拌控制器以递送约0.75或更大的体系悬浮率(SSR)。可设置再循环泵24控制器,以递送约1.5或更大的SSR。然后可通过主端口将风味剂组分加入混合槽20中,同时混合并且再循环通过喷射器22。粉末递送管可经由粉末递送口连接至喷射器22,然后可将微量组分粉末(甜味剂、氟化物源、磷酸盐等)通过经由粉末递送管连接至粉末递送口的喷射器22加入混合槽20中。批料在约5分钟或更短时间内再循环通过喷射器22,或直至已达到100%批料体积的通量。然后可经由主端口将氢氧化钠加入混合槽20中,并且使批料在约五分钟或更短时间内再循环通过喷射器22。二氧化硅可通过经由粉末递送管连接至粉末递送口的喷射器22加入混合槽20中,并且使批料在约5分钟或更短时间内再次再循环通过喷射器22,或直至已达到100%批料体积的通量。然后可将致密流变改性剂加入混合槽20中,并且以约1.5或更大的SSR经由搅拌混合,直至期间达到均匀。
以10s-1取样时,用AR2000流变仪(TA Instruments,New Castle,DE)测量,预混物的粘度可在约0.01Pa.s至约10Pa.s的范围内。致密流变改性剂的加入不应立即对混合物流变性具有显著的影响。致密流变改性剂的特性(粒度、压实压力、组成)使得水合率为约1.0×10-3s-1或更低。测量流变性时,AR2000流变仪使用以下方法:对于调理步骤,将温度设为25C,并且进行平衡2分钟。通过将剪切速率(1/s)从0.001阶升至120.0,并且设为Log模式,测量剪切速率增加下的稳态流速。25℃下在3.0秒取样时间内,5%公差内每十倍采集三(3)个点,直至在所述公差内获得两(2)个连续的点。在1.0分钟时间内测量最大值点。通过将剪切速率(1/s)从120.0阶降至0.01,并且设至Log模式,测量剪切速率降低下的稳态流速。25℃下在10.0秒取样时间内,5%公差内每十倍采集三(3)个点,直至在所述公差内获得两(2)个连续的点。在1.0分钟时间内测量最大值点。
在所述预混物充分混合后,接着将它从混合槽20通过泵和流量计,在某些实施方案中以约10Kg/min至约1000Kg/min或约40Kg/min至约400Kg/min的流量,排放到高能分配装置27(即转子定子研磨)。高能分配装置27确保流变改性剂在主混合料流中的均匀分配。能量密度或由高能分配装置转移至预混物的能量的量最佳由观测的装置机械能(通常关闭VFD或伺服马达测定)和通过体系的预混物流量限定。已示出,该能量密度影响预混物纹理和体系的总水合率。如上所述的可接受的能量密度将为约5KW/Kg/s至约25KW/Kg/s。高能分配装置的示例为Quadro ZC1(Quadro Engineering,Ontario,Canada)、IKA Ultra-TurraxUTL(IKA Works GmbH&Co.KG,Staufen,Germany)、Silverson In-Line High ShearSanitary(Silverson Co.,Cincinnati,OH)等。通常,分配流变改性剂后不久,预混物流变性开始升高。粘度增加率是所用流变改性剂类型、配方、和工艺条件的函数。流变改性剂可占按所述总组合物重量计介于约0.1%至约15%之间,并且可为单一流变改性剂或流变改性剂的组合。
在某些实施方案中,离开高能分配装置后,所述预混物可随后流动通过在线脱气装置。如由声纳检测方法测量,在线脱气装置可将空气脱除至按所述预混物的体积计约0.001%或更低,这低于约0.5体积%或更多空气的消费者可察觉空气含量,从而实现稳健的工艺窗口。在某些实施方案中,在线脱气装置可将预混物的空气含量降低至按所述预混物的体积计约0.01%或更低。在另一个实施方案中,在线脱气装置可递送约0.15L/Kg至约0.6L/Kg,或约0.2L/Kg至约0.5L/Kg的除气与液体吞吐量的比率。此外,在线脱气装置的尺寸可递送约1 1/s至约8 1/s或约2 1/s至约4 1/s的损耗(除气器中浪费)/吞吐量比率。在线脱气可在已将所有干燥成分加入到料流中之后进行,使得除气可最大化。前提条件是流变改性剂一旦加入预混物中就开始增加流变性(由体系水合率限定)。制剂水合率是多种制剂组分如流变改性剂类型、水含量、离子强度、固体负荷和其它属性的函数。此外,水合率由工艺条件如高能分配装置的温度和能量密度驱动。
还重要的是,在低于成品如牙膏的流变性下发生脱气,以使效率(速率)最大化,因为与具有较高流变性的材料相比,需要较少的能量以将空气从具有较低流变性的材料中移除。因此,在线脱气装置可尽可能邻近高能分配装置放置。可放置在线脱气装置,使得高能分配装置与在线脱气装置之间的压降低于高能分配装置的泵压头。在某些实施方案中,如果那是不可行的,则可用正位移泵替代压力控制阀,以控制高能分配装置上的背压,并且确保预混物可被递送至在线脱气装置。该关系可由流变改性剂从预混物接触点通过在线脱气装置的停留时间和体系水合率来限定。
脱气效率可通过减少或去除发泡表面活性剂如月桂基硫酸钠来改善。因此,在某些实施方案中,洁齿剂发泡表面活性剂在脱气步骤之后加入。乳化表面活性剂如聚山梨酸酯80可在脱气步骤之前使用,而没有显著影响脱气效率。
使用上述测定方案,高能分配装置和在线脱气装置之间的料流粘度在某些实施方案中为在10s-1下测量的介于约0.01Pa.s和约1,000Pa.s之间,并且在一些其它实施方案中为在10s-1下测量的介于约0.01Pa.s和约100Pa.s之间。
离开该步骤后,可将个人护理组合物如洁齿剂包装于具有相等或不等体积的一个或多个容器中。包含所述个人护理组合物的所述一个或多个容器可最终运送并且销售给消费者,或者可用于运输和储存作为中间体的混合物。因此,所述一个或多个容器可选自散装贮存装置,例如槽、槽车或有轨车,或选自最终包装例如管、瓶和/或倒头瓶。在过渡容器中储存给定的时间量,可改善反萃取的填充性能。所述一个或多个容器可具有本领域熟知的易卸或可重新密封的封口,并且可由任何适于包含如本发明所述组合的所述物料的材料制得。
在一个方面,可使用本文所述的一个或多个加工方法或与一个或多个附加加工方法联合使用,并且可将通过采用多个加工方法制得的个人护理组合物排放到同一容器中,从而形成例如具有多个层、相、图案等的个人护理组合物。此层、相和/或图案可以在或可以不在容器中混合以形成均匀的个人护理组合物。在一个方面,制备个人护理组合物的第一相的加工方法可与制备第二、第三、第四或多相的加工方法处于不同的位置,以用最终的多相组合物(如具有糊剂相和凝胶相的洁齿剂)填充容器。
在一个方面中,可用灌装线将所述加工方法或多个方法连接,以用第一相、第二相、合并的相和/或多相组合物填充容器。在一个方面中,当所述组合物旨在与另一种组合物混合以形成多相个人护理组合物时,可以多种方式将其填充到容器中。例如,可通过将牙膏管填充技术与旋转台设计组合来填充容器。另外,本发明可经由美国专利6,213,166中所公开的方法和设备填充到容器中。所述方法和设备允许使用至少两个装填容器的喷嘴,将两种或多种组合物以螺旋形构型填充到单个容器(其置于旋转台上,并且当组合物引入容器中时被旋转)中。
在某些实施方案中,预混物混合于混合槽中时,应具有足够低的粘度,同时在洁齿剂配制过程结束时具有足够高的粘度,以防止洁齿剂在分配后从牙刷流下。因此,致密流变改性剂位于混合槽中时,应向混合物提供最小限度的粘度增加,但是在预混物离开混合槽时与将洁齿剂加载至分配容器时之间增加粘度。
通常,赋予最高假塑性的流变改性剂是通过电荷-电荷交互作用或氢键合形成结构的那些,如胶态二氧化硅和锂蒙脱石粘土。从流量的角度来看,这些材料具有理想的特征,是高度剪切致稀的。形成交联网络的流变改性剂如多糖衍生物(包括黄原胶)或合成聚合物(包括卡波姆)也赋予高度的假塑性。仅由链缠结构建结构的流变改性剂如纤维素胶也是假塑性的,但趋于具有比具有三维有序的那些更低程度的假塑性。
流变改性剂可单独使用,或组合使用以形成“增稠体系”。一些流变改性剂如蒙脱石允许所述组合物相分离,其中它们在不存在第二流变改性剂的情况下使用。相似地,对可使用单独流变改性剂的含量存在限制,需要加入另一种流变改性剂以达到所需的流变特征。
对于特定的流变改性剂或流变改性剂的组合而言,获得合适的流变特性以允许预混物在混合期间具有适宜的流量,却仍形成可用洁齿剂,将取决于流变改性剂或流变改性剂组合所用的制剂量。通常,提高流变改性剂的量将导致粘度升高。因此,存在流变改性剂含量窗口,其允许混合物大部分离开混合槽,并且制得将保留在刷毛上的洁齿剂。流变改性剂或流变改性剂组合的最佳含量将由所用材料等级确定,通常为分子量或聚合物链长的函数,较长的链长获得较高的粘度。流变改性剂也可表现出与制剂中其它成分的协同交互作用,使得混合和洁齿剂使用期间达到适当粘度所需的含量改变。许多其它因数可支配特定制剂中特定流变改性剂的选择。流变改性剂上可能需要特定电荷,以例如避免与其它成分不可取的交互作用。
适用于本发明的流变改性剂包括有机和无机流变改性剂、以及它们的混合物。无机流变改性剂包括锂蒙脱石和衍生物、二氧化硅水合物、三元和四元硅酸镁衍生物、膨润土、以及它们的混合物。优选的无机流变改性剂是锂蒙脱石和衍生物、二氧化硅水合物、以及它们的混合物。有机流变改性剂包括黄原胶、角叉菜胶和衍生物、结冷胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、菌类植物胶和衍生物、支链淀粉、鼠李聚糖胶、文莱胶、魔芋、凝胶多糖、卡波姆、褐藻胶、藻酸、藻酸盐和衍生物、羟乙基纤维素和衍生物、羟丙基纤维素和衍生物、磷酸淀粉衍生物、瓜尔胶和衍生物、淀粉和衍生物、马来酸酐与烯烃的共聚物和衍生物、纤维素胶和衍生物、乙二醇/丙二醇共聚物、泊洛沙姆和衍生物、聚丙烯酸酯和衍生物、甲基纤维素和衍生物、乙基纤维素和衍生物、琼脂和衍生物、阿拉伯树胶和衍生物、果胶和衍生物、脱乙酰壳多糖和衍生物、聚乙二醇树脂如PEG-XM(其中X>=1)、刺梧桐树胶、刺槐豆胶、纳豆胶、乙烯基吡咯烷酮与烯烃的共聚物、黄蓍胶、聚丙烯酰胺、甲壳质衍生物、明胶、β-葡聚糖、糊精、葡聚糖、环糊精、甲基丙烯酸酯、微晶纤维素、聚季铵盐、呋喃泡沫树脂、茄替胶、车前子胶、温柏树胶、罗望子胶、落叶松胶、刺云实胶、以及它们的混合物。优选黄原胶、角叉菜胶和衍生物、结冷胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、菌类植物胶和衍生物、支链淀粉、鼠李聚糖胶、文莱胶、魔芋、凝胶多糖、卡波姆、褐藻胶、藻酸、藻酸盐和衍生物、羟乙基纤维素和衍生物、羟丙基纤维素和衍生物、磷酸淀粉衍生物、瓜尔胶和衍生物、淀粉和衍生物、马来酸酐与烯烃的共聚物和衍生物、纤维素胶和衍生物、乙二醇/丙二醇共聚物、泊洛沙姆和衍生物、以及它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,流变改性剂的量可在按所述总组合物的重量计约0.1%至约15%,或约0.5%至约3%的范围内。
除了上文组分以外,还可按需要加入甜味剂、风味剂、防腐剂、有效成分、磨料、氟化物离子源、螯合剂、抗微生物剂、硅油和其它助剂,如防腐剂和着色剂等。
可使用按所述牙膏的重量计0.05%至5%量的糖精钠、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、蛇菊苷、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、甘草素、紫苏葶、对甲氧基肉桂醛等作为甜味剂。可使用精油如留兰香油、胡椒薄荷油、鼠尾草油、桉树油、柠檬油、酸橙油、冬青油和肉桂油、其它香料和水果香料以及分离和合成的调味料如l-薄荷醇、香芹酮、茴香脑、丁子香酚等,作为风味剂。所述风味剂可以按所述牙膏的重量计0.1至5%的量共混。可使用过氧苯甲酸乙酯、过氧苯甲酸丁酯等作为防腐剂。甜味剂可与研磨剂一起加入。风味剂和防腐剂可在制备轻微溶胀的流变改性剂的液体时加入,或与湿润剂混合后与流变改性剂混合。可使用酶如葡聚糖酶、溶解酶、溶菌酶、淀粉酶和抗纤溶酶剂如EPSILON-氨基己酸和氨甲环酸,含氟化合物如单氟磷酸钠、氟化钠和氟化亚锡,氯己定盐,季铵盐,氯化羟铝尿囊素,甘草次酸,叶绿素,氯化钠和含磷化合物作为有效成分。此外,可按需要将硅胶、铝硅胶、有机酸和它们的盐共混。当制备轻微溶胀的流变改性剂的液体时,可加入具有低粘度的有机有效成分。
由本发明方法制得的牙膏可包含大于约0.1重量%的表面活性剂或表面活性剂的混合物。本文引用的表面活性剂含量基于100%活性物质计,即使常见原材料如月桂基硫酸钠可以较低活性的水溶液形式提供。
适宜的表面活性剂含量为按所述总组合物的重量计约0.1%至约15%,约0.25%至约10%,或约0.5%至约5%。适用于本文的表面活性剂包括阴离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂,然而优选阴离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂(以及它们的混合物)。
本文可用的阴离子表面活性剂包括在烷基基团中具有10至18个碳原子的水溶性烷基硫酸盐和烷基醚硫酸盐,和具有10至18个碳原子的脂肪酸磺化单酸甘油酯的水溶性盐。月桂基硫酸钠和椰油基单甘油酯磺酸钠是这类阴离子表面活性剂的示例。
适用于本发明的阳离子表面活性剂可被广泛描述为具有一个包含约8至18个碳原子的长烷基链的脂族季铵化合物的衍生物如月桂基三甲基氯化铵;氯化十六烷基吡啶;苯扎氯铵;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、二异丁基苯氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵;椰油基烷基三甲基亚硝酸铵;氟化十六烷基吡啶等等。在本文公开的组合物中,某些阳离子表面活性剂也可用作杀菌剂。
可用于本发明组合物中的适宜非离子表面活性剂可被广义地定义为由环氧烷基团(本身亲水的)与本身可为脂族和/或芳族的有机疏水化合物缩合而生成的化合物。适宜非离子表面活性剂的示例包括泊洛沙姆;脱水山梨糖醇衍生物如二异硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯;氢化蓖麻油的环氧乙烷缩合物如PEG-30氢化蓖麻油;脂肪醇或烷基酚的环氧乙烷缩合物;由环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷和1,2-乙二胺的反应产物缩合衍生的产物;长链叔胺氧化物;长链叔膦氧化物;长链二烷基亚砜,以及此类材料的混合物。这些材料可用于稳定泡沫,而不促进过度的口腔护理组合物粘度增加。
两性离子表面活性剂可被广泛描述为脂族季铵、鏻鎓和锍化合物的衍生物,其中脂族基团可以为直链或支链的,并且其中脂族取代基之一包含约8至18个碳原子,并且一个脂族取代基包含阴离子水增溶性基团,例如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根。
由本发明方法制得的洁齿剂可包含大于约50%的液体载体材料。适宜商业洁齿剂制备中所用的液体载体材料如水可以是去离子的,并且不含有机杂质。水可占按所述总组合物的重量计约20%至约70%,或约30%至约50%。这些量的水包括加入的游离水和由其它物质(如由山梨醇和表面活性剂溶液)引入的水。
一般来讲,液体载体还可包括一种或多种湿润剂。适宜的湿润剂包括甘油、山梨醇、和其它可食用的多元醇如含量为约15%至约50%的低分子量聚乙二醇。为提供发泡特性和抗干之间的最佳平衡,总水与总湿润剂的比率可为约0.65:1至约1.5:1,或约0.85:1至约1.3:1。
本文的口腔护理组合物的粘度可受所述组合物存在的牛顿液体粘度的影响。这些可为纯液体如甘油或水,或溶质在溶剂中的溶液如山梨醇的水溶液。牛顿液体对非牛顿口腔护理组合物粘度的贡献度将取决于牛顿液体所掺入的量。水可以显著量存在于口腔护理组合物中,并且在25摄氏度下具有约1mPa.s的牛顿粘度。湿润剂如甘油和山梨醇溶液通常具有比水显著更高的牛顿粘度。因此,湿润剂的总含量、水与湿润剂的比率、和湿润剂的选择有助于确定口腔护理组合物的高剪切速率粘度。
可使用常见的湿润剂如山梨醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、以及它们的混合物,但是所用具体含量和比率将根据湿润剂的选择而不同。可使用山梨醇,但是由于其较高的牛顿粘度,在某些实施方案中不能以按所述组合物的重量计高于45%的含量掺入,因为它显著有助于口腔护理组合物的高剪切速率粘度。相反,丙二醇可以更高含量使用,因为它具有比山梨醇低的牛顿粘度,从而不大幅促进口腔护理组合物的高剪切速率粘度。甘油具有介于山梨醇和聚乙二醇之间的中间牛顿粘度。
乙醇也可存在于口腔护理组合物中。这些量按所述总组合物的重量计可在约0.5至约5%,或约1.5至约3.5%的范围内。乙醇可为可用的溶剂,并且还可用于增强调味剂的影响,然而在该后一方面,通常仅使用低含量。也可使用非乙醇溶剂如丙二醇。也可用于本文的是低分子量聚乙二醇。
由本发明方法制得的洁齿剂可包含牙齿研磨剂。研磨剂用于抛光牙齿,移除表面沉积物,或二者。设想可用于本文的磨料可以是任何不会过度磨损牙质的物质。适宜的研磨剂包括不溶性磷酸盐磨光剂,如磷酸二钙、磷酸三钙、焦磷酸钙、β-相焦磷酸钙、二水合磷酸二钙、无水磷酸钙、不溶性偏磷酸钠等。还适宜的是白垩型研磨剂,如碳酸钙和碳酸镁、二氧化硅(包括干凝胶、水凝胶、气凝胶和沉淀)、氧化铝及其氢氧化物(如α-氢氧化铝)、硅铝酸盐(如煅烧硅酸铝和硅酸铝)、硅酸镁和硅酸锆(如三硅酸镁)以及热固性聚合树脂(如脲和甲醛的颗粒状缩合产物)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、粉末状聚乙烯等,如美国专利3,070,510中所公开的。还可使用研磨剂的混合物。磨料抛光材料一般具有约0.1至约30μm,或约1至约15μm的平均粒度。
本文所述的口腔护理组合物可具有约70至约200,约70至约140,或约80至约125的放射性牙质磨损(“RDA”)值。RDA值根据由Hefferen在“Journal of Dental Research”(1976年七月-八月)第563-573页中所述以及Wason在美国专利4,340,583、4,420,312和4,421,527中所述的方法测定。非研磨剂材料如多磷酸盐也可贡献RDA值。然后可在不存在这些材料情况下测量研磨剂的RDA值。
多种类型的二氧化硅牙齿研磨剂可提供杰出的牙齿清洁和抛光性能,而不会过度地磨损牙釉或牙质。所述二氧化硅研磨剂可以是沉淀二氧化硅或硅胶,如美国专利3,538,230、美国专利3,862,307中所述的二氧化硅干凝胶。可使用具有30g/100g至100g/100g二氧化硅的油吸收度的二氧化硅。已发现,具有低油吸收水平的二氧化硅是较低结构化的,因此不将口腔护理组合物的粘度增加至与较高度结构化,从而具有较高油吸收水平的那些二氧化硅相同的程度。如本文所用,通过测定二氧化硅在25摄氏度下可吸收的亚麻籽油的最大量,测量油吸收度。
适宜研磨剂的含量按所述总组合物的重量计可为约0%至约20%,在某些实施方案中小于10%,如1%至10%。在某些实施方案中,可使用按所述总组合物的重量计3%至5%的研磨剂含量。
为防龋保护,口腔护理组合物中一般存在氟离子源。氟化物源包括氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化钙、氟化亚锡、一氟磷酸亚锡和一氟磷酸钠。适宜的量提供按所述液体洁齿剂的重量计25至2500ppm的可用氟离子。
另一种任选试剂为螯合剂,具有作为抗牙结石剂的价值。适宜的螯合剂包括有机酸和它们的盐,如酒石酸及其可药用的盐、柠檬酸和柠檬酸碱金属盐、以及它们的混合物。螯合剂能络合存在于细菌细胞壁中的钙。螯合剂也可通过从钙桥中除去钙而破坏牙斑,所述钙桥有助于保持该生物质完整。然而,可使用对钙具有过高亲和力,造成牙齿脱矿质的螯合剂。在某些实施方案中,所述螯合剂具有约101至约105的钙结合常数以提供减少牙斑和结石形成的改善的清洁作用。可用于本发明制剂中的螯合剂的量为约0.1%至约2.5%,约0.5%至约2.5%,或约1.0%至约2.5%。酒石酸盐螯合剂可单独使用或与其它任选螯合剂组合使用。
尤其适用作本发明中螯合剂的另一类试剂是可用作抗牙结石剂的水溶性多磷酸盐、聚膦酸盐和焦磷酸盐。本发明组合物中所用的焦磷酸盐可以是任何焦磷酸碱金属盐。可用于本发明组合物中的有效量的焦磷酸盐一般足以提供至少1.0%的焦磷酸根离子,或约1.5%至约6%的此类离子。焦磷酸盐更详细地描述于Kirk&Othmer的“Encyclopedia ofChemical Technology”第二版第15卷中(Interscience Publishers,1968)。
可使用水溶性多磷酸盐如三聚磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钾和六偏磷酸钠。此类型的其它长链抗牙结石剂描述于WO98/22079中。还优选水溶性二膦酸盐。适宜的可溶性二膦酸盐包括乙烷-1-羟基-1,1-二膦酸盐(EHDP)和氮杂-环庚烷-二膦酸盐(AHP)。三聚磷酸盐和二膦酸盐是尤其有效的,因为它们提供抗牙垢活性和去污活性,而不及低水溶性化学去污剂那样增加粘度,并且在水解方面是稳定的。可溶的多磷酸盐和二膦酸盐有利地作为脱色活性物质。不受理论的束缚,据信这些成分通过使染污薄膜从牙齿釉质表面上解吸来移除污渍。水溶性多磷酸盐和二膦酸盐的适宜含量为按所述口腔护理组合物的重量计约0.1%至约10%,约1%至约5%,或约1.5%至约3%。
还适用于本发明的其它可能类型的螯合剂是阴离子聚合的聚羧酸酯。此类材料是本领域众所周知的,它们以其游离酸或部分中和或优选完全中和的水溶性碱金属(例如钾,并且优选钠)盐或铵盐的形式应用。其它聚合的聚羧酸盐公开于美国专利4,138,477和美国专利4,183,914中,并且包括马来酸酐与苯乙烯、异丁烯或乙基乙烯基醚的共聚物;聚丙烯酸、聚衣康酸和聚马来酸;和以商品名Uniroyal ND-2获得的MW低达1,000的磺基丙烯酸低聚物。
抗微生物剂也可用于本发明。可使用多种抗微生物剂,包括亚锡盐如焦磷酸亚锡和葡糖酸亚锡;锌盐如乳酸锌和柠檬酸锌;铜盐如甘氨酸亚铜;季铵盐如氯化十六烷基吡啶和氯化十四烷基乙基吡啶;联双胍盐;以及非离子抗微生物剂如三氯生。某些调味油如百里酚也可具有抗微生物活性。此类试剂公开于美国专利2,946,725和美国专利4,051,234中。还可用的是亚氯酸钠,描述于WO 99/43290中。
如果存在抗微生物剂的话,其通常以约0.01%至约10%包含在内。可使亚锡和阳离子抗微生物剂的含量保持小于约5%,或小于约1%,以避免牙齿变色问题。
在某些实施方案中,抗微生物剂是非阳离子抗微生物剂,如美国专利5,037,637中所述的那些。尤其有效的抗微生物剂是2',4,4'-三氯-2-羟基二苯醚(三氯生)。
本发明组合物中的任选成分为硅油。硅油可用作牙斑阻挡层,如WO96/19191中所公开的。适宜的硅油种类包括但不限于聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷醇、聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚多元醇和氨基烷基硅氧烷。硅油通常以约0.1重量%至约15重量%,约0.5重量%至约5重量%,或约0.5重量%至约3重量%的含量存在。
甜味剂如糖精钠、环己氨基磺酸钠、丁磺氨钾、天冬甜素、蔗糖等可以约0.1至5重量%的含量包含在内。也可掺入其它添加剂,包括调味剂、防腐剂、遮光剂和着色剂。典型的着色剂为D&C黄10号、FD&C蓝1号、FD&C红40号、D&C红33号、以及它们的组合。着色剂的含量可在约0.0001至约0.1%的范围内。
实施方案
为测定采用致密流变改性剂加入的粘度生成率,使用具有不同致密流变改性剂的典型高含水量洁齿剂制剂,如下表2所示。
表2
采用本发明的致密流变改性剂加入和根据下文详述和上文所述的方法测量的水合率,制备每种样品(具有不同的致密流变改性剂)。以描述体系粘度与处理时间关系的方式来测量水合率。测量产品粘度是常见的流体处理操作。流变改性剂压实,使得处理时间期间流变改性剂的粘度影响不显著。将流变改性剂的水合率显著降低至下表3中列出的值,我们认识到低粘度处理的有益效果。
设备:
用于制备样品预混物的测试混合容器具有38.3mm的内径,42mm的外径,65mm的容器高度,和两个注入口,所述注入口具有5mm直径,间隔30mm,并且位于距容器底部35mm处。用于在测试混合容器中混合样品预混物的混合叶轮具有32.5mm的叶片直径,13mm的叶片宽度,并且混合叶轮轴的长度为55mm。流变仪为配备有定制珀尔帖基容器托架的TAInstruments ARG2受控应力流变仪(TA Instruments,New Castle,DE)。
方法:
对于每种样品,以表2中所示的量将预混物组分加入测试混合容器中。将测试混合容器安装在基座托架上,并且将混合叶轮在测试混合容器中对齐,并且降低到测试混合容器室中,具有5.5mm间隙。将流变仪设至25℃。就具有25s-1剪切速率设定点的流峰曲线而言,设置流变仪测试参数,并且在10分钟内收集数据,每秒1个数据点。使混合叶轮保持在适当的位置,启动TA Rheology Advantage程序(TA Instruments,New Castle,DE),并且在测试过程第5秒处,将致密流变改性剂加入混合容器的顶部中。使用流变仪,测量粘度、剪切应力、剪切速率和温度。使用流变仪和Metzner Otto关系,将剪切速率调节至64s-1。在υ0处使用加入致密流变改性剂之前的粘度数据,在υ3600s处使用致密流变改性剂加入后3600秒的粘度数据。采用下式确定每种样品的水合率:
μ3600s–致密流变改性剂加入后3600秒测量的粘度(Pa.s)
μ0–致密流变改性剂加入前测量的体系粘度(Pa.s)
表3
表3示出由上文方法产生的样品的水合率数据。数据支持,将流变改性剂压实,允许流变延缓至某点,使得预混物已在工艺槽中完成制备步骤。因槽中留下较少的残余废品,这使得制备过程更有效地进行。我们还看见用所得较低粘度的产品处理直至致密颗粒如上所述被高能混合装置分散的时刻的优点。这允许低粘度处理,直至更有利于分配流变改性剂并且这些材料更典型观察的粘度开始增加的时刻。
应当了解,本文所公开的量纲和值不旨在严格限于所引用的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或限制,将本文引用的每篇文献,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请,全文以引用方式并入本文。任何文献的引用不是对其作为与本发明任何公开或本文受权利要求书保护的现有技术的认可,或不是对其自身或与任何其它参考文献或多个参考文献的组合提出、建议或公开了此发明任何方面的认可。此外,当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文件中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已经举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可做出各种其它改变和变型。因此,本文旨在所附权利要求中涵盖属于本发明范围内的所有此类改变和变型。
Claims (9)
1.一种制备个人护理组合物的方法,所述方法包括:
a) 在混合槽中形成预混物,所述预混物具有比包装的个人护理组合物更低的粘度;
b) 将致密流变改性剂粉末加入所述预混物中,其中使用辊压机将流变改性剂粉末压实,以及其中用于压实的力在300千克力/线性厘米辊宽至4,000千克力/线性厘米辊宽的范围内;
c) 将所述预混物从所述混合槽转移;以及
d) 对所述预混物进行包装以制备个人护理组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述流变改性剂粉末平均粒度在0.5µm至1000µm的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中研磨所述致密流变改性剂以制备致密流变改性剂颗粒。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述致密流变改性剂粒度在44µm至420µm的范围内。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述致密流变改性剂颗粒被涂覆。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述致密流变改性剂颗粒涂覆有二氧化硅或酸盐中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1至2和4至6中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述流变改性剂以按所述预混物的重量计0.1%至15.0%的量加入。
8.根据权利要求1至2和4至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述流变改性剂为黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、角叉菜胶、卡波姆、羟乙基纤维素、瓜尔胶或增稠二氧化硅中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1至2和4至6中任一项所述的方法,其中将表面活性剂加入所述预混物中。
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CN110657349B (zh) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-04-28 | 山东黄金矿业科技有限公司充填工程实验室分公司 | 一种矿山尾矿膏体料浆环管测试系统及系统运行方法 |
CN111072993A (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-28 | 智核环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种瓜尔胶溶液的制备方法 |
CN111087624A (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-01 | 智核环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种控制瓜尔胶溶液黏度的方法 |
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