CN1056794C - Preheating-free high anti-cracking surfacing welding electrode - Google Patents
Preheating-free high anti-cracking surfacing welding electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN1056794C CN1056794C CN95117072A CN95117072A CN1056794C CN 1056794 C CN1056794 C CN 1056794C CN 95117072 A CN95117072 A CN 95117072A CN 95117072 A CN95117072 A CN 95117072A CN 1056794 C CN1056794 C CN 1056794C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preheating-free surfacing welding electrode with high crack resistance. A coating of the surfacing welding electrode comprises marble, fluorite, quartz, titanium white powder, mid-carbon ferromanganese, 45 ferrosilicon, sodium carbonate, high carbon ferrochrome, graphite, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, nickel powder, ferrovanadium, ferrotungsten, wolfram carbide, ferroboron, rare earth alloy, etc. The surfacing welding electrode can be widely used for repairing the surfaces of various workpieces in various abrasion patterns by surfacing welding without preheating before welding and thermal treatment after welding. The surfacing welding layer has good abrasion resistance, good temper resistance and high crack resistance; the surfacing welding electrode has the advantages of all position surfacing welding, simple technology, wide and easily obtained raw material source, and low production cost; the surfacing welding electrode is mainly used for repairing the surfaces of workpieces comprising die steel, rolled steel, engineering machinery and the like with intermetallic abrasion and grinding abrasion by surfacing welding.
Description
The invention relates to electric welding rod for built-up welding, particularly the invention of crack-resisting welding electrode without preheating for build-up welding coating recipe.This electric welding rod for built-up welding is applicable to that mainly intermetallics such as mould steel, roll stell, engineering machinery wear and tear and built-up welding is repaired on the top layer of the contour medium carbon alloy steel parts of abrasive wear.
At present, domestic and international general medium high carbon steel alloy such as mould steel, roll stell, engineering machinery, building machinery, high strength such as mining machinery, high rigidity, shock-resistant, the inefficacy of wear-resistant parts, mainly be that wearing and tearing are scrapped, waste very serious, can reuse in order to make these parts, adopt the form of built-up welding to repair use both at home and abroad, general adopt " D132 ", " D172 ", " D397 ", " D717 " waits the high rigidity that obtains overlay cladding, high-wearing feature, but because built-up welding is organized mainly is martensite and retained austenite, the crackle tendency is big, generally should be preheating to 250 ℃-400 ℃ and postwelding need heat treatment (seeing in November, the 1988 second edition 452-457 of " Welding Metallurgy and metal solder " China Machine Press page or leaf) welding procedure complexity, working condition is poor, labour intensity is big, and the equipment complexity, general big workpiece working site is not satisfied welding condition and can't be repaired, and causes a large amount of wastes.
Disclose not preheating surfacing welding rod of a kind of high hardness wear-resisting in Chinese patent application numbers 86101108.6, its coating proportioning is:
This invention welding rod is called not preheating surfacing welding rod, but from its coating recipe component analysis, overlay cladding deposited metal interior tissue still is thicker column martensitic structure, deposited metal inside does not add abundant desulfurization dehydrogenation, there is not further to add the nucleating agent of thinning microstructure, so this kind welding rod is when the large-scale high alloy workpiece of multiple tracks multiple-bead deposit, overlay cladding still tearing tendency is bigger, during as built-up welding, still need the workpiece preheating, compare with existing " D327 ", " D337 ", crack resistance improves little.
| Marble fluorite high carbon ferro-chrome titanium dioxide mid-carbon fe-mn |
| 13-25 2-8 5-20 0.5-3 3-8 |
| The quartzy ferrotianium of molybdenum-iron tungsten powder vanadium iron graphite |
| 8-20 1.5-6 10-20 0.8-4 0.8-2 2-3 |
In another Chinese patent application number is also to disclose a kind of " rare-earth type crack-resisting welding electrode without preheating for build-up welding " its coating proportioning in 92114676.0 to be:
And go out at subordinate claim middle finger: the rare earth oxide of adding is Ce
2O
3Or La
2O
3Or the two mixture.
| The quartzy titanium dioxide mid-carbon fe-mn of marble fluorite 45 ferrosilicon chalk soda ash |
| 30-45 10-20 3-7 1-4 3-7 3-7 2-3 0.2-1.0 |
| High carbon ferro-chrome graphite molybdenum-iron ferrotianium nickel powder vanadium iron tungsten powder |
| 5-10 2-4 1-4 5-10 4-10 0-3 0-3 |
| Rare-earth oxidate sodium silicate (adding) |
| 4-10 15-25 |
From the coating of build-up welding bar prescription of this invention, mainly there are the following problems:
1, Ce
2O
3Be not final reaction product, the final oxide of Ce is CeO
2, the large batch of Ce of high-purity
2O
3Be non-existent, Ce
2O
3Just the intermidate oxide of Ce in oxidizing process only exists in insufficient oxidizing process.If add as raw material, should add CeO
2, and never be Ce
2O
3
2, add rare earth oxide in coating, can only play the non-spontaneous nucleation core of deposited metal at the process middle rare earth oxide of welding, and can not continue to participate in the redox reaction of welding process again, and a large amount of rare earth oxides can form nonmetal inclusion again in the deposited metal crystallization process, cause formation of crack, simultaneously, high-purity rare earth oxide expensive price.
3, add chalk in the coating, make deposited metal increase hydrogen and increase silicon, be unfavorable for the crack resistance of overlay cladding.
4, such welding rod only is suitable for the workpiece surface that weares and teares between deposited metal, can not be applied to the workpiece surface reparation of wear-resistant material wearing and tearing, so the scope of application is not too big.
5, such welding rod deposited metal is organized and also is martensitic structure to still have bigger tearing tendency.
In sum, no matter be prior art or apply for a patent 86101106.6 or apply for a patent 92114676.0 etc., all fundamentally do not solve the problem of overlay cladding cracking, do not improve the crack resistance of deposited metal to greatest extent, all can not realize exempting from preheating surfacing fully.And, these technology all are at intermetallic wearing and tearing, that is: adhesive wear, but workpiece surface built-up welding for the abrasive wear that accounts for the wear out failure larger specific gravity, prior art is still and does not propose effectively to exempt from preheating surfacing and wearing layer design, makes the reparation of abrasive wear inefficacy part be still the preheating reparation or scraps, and exempts from the preheating surfacing reparation in prior art is still and can not satisfies at present in a big way, range of application is less, and practicality is less.All the abrasive wear workpiece is not exempted from the preheating reparation and make improvement, tearing tendency is all arranged.
The objective of the invention is at as above weak point of the prior art, adopt multicomponent alloy combination deoxidation in the coating, multi-element alloyed principle improves the intensity and the hardness of overlay cladding in the built-up welding deposited metal, the tissue that adds alterant refinement built-up welding deposited metal, and by warm bainite and martensitic line and staff control in adjusting, improved the toughness of overlay cladding greatly, and do not reduced hardness, the crack resistance of overlay cladding is improved; Redox reaction when the adding rare earth alloy participates in welding, enable crystal grain thinning, the dehydrogenation of desulfurization phosphorus, the nodularization field trash, cleaning molten steel reduces formation of crack, improves the crack resistance of overlay cladding, make surfacing layer metal when having higher intensity and hardness, have high toughness and plasticity, and then can satisfy the preceding not preheating of workpiece of weldering, postwelding is exempted from slow cooling and heat treatment, and during for the workpiece surface built-up welding of abrasive wear form, the hard point that adds tungsten carbide is to reach the purpose of wear-resistant material wearing and tearing, electric welding rod for built-up welding of the present invention, can adapt to the multilayer multiple tracks built-up welding requirement of the various abrasive manners of various workpiece, simultaneously, required raw material obtain easily, and production cost is low, process industrial art performance is good, and can all-position welding.
Content of the present invention is: the welding rod core wire adopts the H08A steel, and diameter is Φ 3.2mm Φ 4.0mm, Φ 5.0mm, and composition is seen GB1300-77, and the electrode coating material is by weight percentage:
| The quartzy titanium dioxide mid-carbon fe-mn of marble fluorite 45 ferrosilicon soda ash |
| 20-40 10-20 4-7 4-6 1-3 3-7 0.5-1.0 |
| Ferrochrome graphite molybdenum-iron ferrotianium nickel powder vanadium iron ferrotungsten tungsten carbide |
| 4-8 0.5-3 4-6 5-11 5-9 1-5 1-5 0-8 |
| Ferro-boron rare earth alloy waterglass (adding) |
| 0.1-2 1-2 20-30 |
Coating recipe of the present invention is except that satisfied as above condition, and its feature also is: the C that in prescription, adds, and Cr, Mn, Si, the relation between the Ni should satisfy following formula:
0.8≤(C+Cr+Mn+Si)/(Ni)≤1.5
Each alloying element measures with pure content in the formula, and its best point should be
(C+Cr+Mn+Si)/(Ni)＝1.1
The sulphur phosphorus content of these all constituents of electric welding rod for built-up welding coating material should satisfy S≤0.04%, P≤0.05%, and the total content of rare earth alloy middle rare earth element is not less than 35%, and 100% mistake, 120 orders, crosses 200 purposes and is not more than 30%.
Its crack resistance mechanism of this electric welding rod for built-up welding coating recipe is summarized as follows:
The high cracking resistance of this electric welding rod for built-up welding built-up welding deposited metal is not the coefficient result of each constituent by the independent effect that adds a certain element but in the coating.
Analyzing the main cause of overlay cladding deposited metal cracking thinks: in the overlay cladding deposited metal postwelding cooling procedure, be subjected to the contraction tension that self and matrix produce because of variations in temperature, when the value of tension during greater than the deposited metal ultimate tension, deposited metal " is broken ", produces cracking.
So, want to improve the crack resistance of overlay cladding deposited metal, make it not broken by tension, should reduce or alleviate tension on the one hand; To increase the tensile strength of deposited metal on the other hand exactly.The approach of alleviating tension is exactly to improve the plasticity of deposited metal, makes it to produce the part plastic deformation under the effect of tension, alleviates tension; And the tensile strength that increases deposited metal mainly is to improve and reduce to reduce the deposited metal internal flaw by matrix strength, reduces formation of crack and increase crack growth resistance two aspects to reach.
At first, select CaCO for use among the present invention
3-CaF
2-SiO
2The low hydrogen basic slag system so that reduce the hydrogen content of deposited metal, adopt elements compounding deoxidations such as carbon, silicon, titanium, manganese, rare earth alloy simultaneously, and add elements such as molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, nickel, chromium and carry out multicomponent alloy.
Rare earth alloy partly is oxidized to rare earth oxide and enters and play non-spontaneous nucleation effect in the deposited metal, and crystal grain thinning improves its plasticity and toughness; Simultaneously, a part of rare earth alloy element enters in the deposited metal, plays the microalloying effect.Enter the rare earth element in the deposited metal, structural transformation is had considerable influence.It can eliminate Widmannstatten structure, and it is granular that acicular ferrite is become, and lamellar martensite is reduced, and utmost point strip martensite increases, and can postpone martensite and decompose, and stops the gathering and the alligatoring of carbide.Rare earth alloy can be solidly soluted in the matrix simultaneously, also can be stored in the crystal boundary place.Rare earth element can react with low-melting sulfide, forms high-melting-point sulfide, is disperse and is distributed in the matrix, does not assemble and grows up, and reduces formation of crack.Rare earth alloy has the dehydrogenation effect, and can reduce the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen, delays the enrichment of hydrogen at crack tip plastic zone, reduces hydrogen induced cracking (HIC).Rare earth element also has the effect of dephosphorization.Rare earth element enrichment crystal defect region competitively adsorbs with other objectionable impurities, can reduce the effect of objectionable impurities.In a word, the adding of rare earth element helps the plasticity and the toughness of deposited metal, can the desulfurization dehydrogenation, reduce formation of crack.If but the rare earth element addition is excessive, a large amount of rare earth oxides enters in the deposited metal, can increase the quantity of field trash again, and is unfavorable for other floating foreign, so, rare earth alloy content is restricted to 1%-2%.
When increasing plasticity and toughness, again by multi-element alloyed reinforcement matrix.In coating, add graphite, molybdenum-iron, nickel powder, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten, ferrochrome, middle manganese etc.Graphite mainly is the phosphorus content that increases deposited metal, so that gain in strength with hardness, ferrochrome, ferromanganese mainly are the solution strengthening matrixes, and increase quenching degree, improve hardness and intensity, carbide formers such as molybdenum-iron, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten can form the carbide hard particle of high-melting-point, high rigidity, be distributed on the matrix, hinder grain growth on the one hand, crystal grain thinning, improved wearability on the other hand again, particularly improved the anti-tempering ability of deposited metal, made overlay cladding can maintain enough hardness and wearability more than 600 ℃.
The adding of nickel improves quenching degree on the one hand, and solution strengthening improves intensity and hardness, can improve the plasticity and the toughness of deposited metal on the other hand again.
But nickel and carbon, chromium, manganese, silicon content should have certain proportionate relationship, and the addition of nickel is very few, carbon, chromium, manganese, when the silicon addition is too much, and deposited metal hardness, intensity are higher, but plasticity is poor, easily cracking.And when nickel content too much, carbon, chromium, manganese, silicon addition more after a little while, the deposited metal wearability is relatively poor, hardness, intensity are relatively poor, same crack resistance is also relatively poor.So, limit again in the present invention between their pure content in coating and should satisfy following formula:
0.8≤(C+Cr+Mn+Si)/(Ni)≤1.5
By evidence, its optimum value is about 1.1.
In order to reduce sulfur-bearing, the phosphorus amount in the deposited metal, except that adding rare earth alloy desulfurization phosphorus, the sulphur phosphorus content of the various composition materials in the coating recipe is limited to some extent: S≤0.04%; P≤0.05%, otherwise low-melting sulfide increases in the deposited metal forms formation of crack and causes cracking.
Add the part ferro-boron in the prescription coating, making has the part of boron transition in the deposited metal.The boron of trace is solidly soluted in the high temperature austenite, can improve middle temperature transformation bainite quenching degree, can obtain the part bainite transformation, simultaneously, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, etc. also more favourable to bainite transformation.Bainite structure and martensitic structure exist simultaneously, and all martensitic structure has high toughness, better cracking resistance, and wear resistence does not reduce.
Regulation rare earth alloy grade and granularity are for bringing into play the effect of rare earth alloy middle rare earth element to large extent among the present invention.When the rare earth alloy grade is low, can not obtain enough rare earth element transition in (＜35%) deposited metal, and other impurity is more, unfavorable to crack resistance.Granularity is crossed when thick, and transition is inhomogeneous, and granularity is when meticulous, can be blown away by blow force of arc easily again to cause damage, so, require granularity 100% to cross 120 orders, cross 200 orders and be not more than 30%.
In addition; in the present invention; good fusion between the per pass when guaranteeing the built-up welding of multilayer multiple tracks; just require each welding bead surface quality intact, this is will the flux shielding of per pass welding bead intact, and slag can cover on the welding bead well; if flux shielding is bad; the welding bead surface is oxidized, and when multi-pass welding, oxide inclusions forms formation of crack.In order to protect welding bead, require slag that good mobility is arranged, and certain viscosity is arranged, so the ratio that requires marble and fluorite in coating recipe of the present invention is between the 1.8-2.5.Ratio is excessive, and slag is sticking; Ratio is too small, and slag is too rare.Too sticking too rarely all can not cover fully on the welding bead caused the oxidation of welding bead top layer, easily forms iron oxide and be mingled with when lower floor's built-up welding, causes the interlayer cracking.
In order to adapt to the needs of abrasive wear, the overlay cladding deposited metal requires to have on the matrix that high rigidity, high-plasticity are arranged hard point to distribute.So in coating recipe, add tungsten carbide, make it on the deposited metal matrix, to distribute with hard point, increase the ability of wear-resistant grinding abrasion.
Wearing and tearing between embodiment 1, reparation metal and the metal
Core wire H08A, specification Φ 4.0 * 400mm
Coating recipe is by weight percentage:
Waterglass is K, Na waterglass, and K: Na=3: 1, Baume degrees 47Be, other various batchings meet all feature of claims.
| Quartzy soda ash 45 ferrosilicon of marble fluorite titanium dioxide |
| 35 15 4 5 1 3 |
| Mid-carbon fe-mn high carbon ferro-chrome molybdenum-iron graphite ferrotianium nickel powder |
| 3 6 4 3 9 8 |
| Vanadium iron ferrotungsten ferro-boron rare earth alloy waterglass (adding) |
| 1 1 0.5 1.5 22％ |
All raw materials in the above-mentioned prescription are mixed, add waterglass, make wet shape medicinal powder, by producing general structural steel welding rod production technology, make welding rod, dried 2 hours for 380 ℃ with 100 tons of hydraulic presses.
The bead-welding technology parameter:
1, welding rod was dried 2 hours for 350 ℃ before the weldering, adopted AC welding set, electric current 170 ± 5A, and the polishing of work top layer is clean, not preheating, postwelding is not taked the slow cooling measure.
2, built-up welding workpiece
Workpiece: the hot rolling cogging backing roll, size: diameter 1500mm, grow up in 1600mm; Material: 70CrMnMo, defective: at its working surface 400mm * 300mm is arranged, the top layer of average dark 50mm peels off piece.
3, bead-welding technology
Earlier that the peel ply polishing is clean, no original crack, not preheating of workpiece.Use the welding rod of as above making by the 1st technological parameter built-up welding, do not adopt the slow cooling measure after piling with, polish off reinforcement with hand grinding tool, with magnetic and ultrasonic examination, flawless uses on the machine after the fine finishining, roll shape processing once more after 380,000 tons of the steel rolling, overlay cladding does not have cracking, and nothing is peeled off.
4, built-up welding surface hardness and chemical analysis
Average hardness: HS=60
The overlay cladding chemical analysis
| C Mn Cr Mo Ni V W B S P |
| 0.52 0.9 1.1 0.62 2.7 0.15 0.27 0.006 0.05 0.006 |
Embodiment 2: repair the abrasive wear workpiece
Core wire: H08A, specification Φ 4.0 * 400mm
Coating recipe is by weight percentage:
| Quartzy soda ash 45 ferrosilicon of marble fluorite titanium dioxide |
| 33 15 4 5 1 3 |
| Mid-carbon fe-mn high carbon ferro-chrome molybdenum-iron graphite ferrotianium |
| 2 4 4 2.5 9 |
| Nickel powder vanadium iron ferrotungsten rare earth alloy tungsten carbide ferro-boron waterglass (adding) |
| 8 1 2 2 6 0.5 22％ |
Make welding rod by embodiment 1, the bead-welding technology parameter is identical with the 1st of embodiment.
1, built-up welding workpiece
The brickmaking machine spiral shaft vane, material: matrix is a mild steel, in the past with D608 or D618 built-up welding, adopts the oxy arc preheating, and technology built-up welding such as asbestos plaster insulation are yielding, and in use overlay cladding becomes piece to peel off easily, and be 15-20 days its service life.
2, bead-welding technology
To peel off originally, the polishing of be full of cracks layer is clean, to mother metal, then presses the welding of embodiment 1 technological parameter, not preheating before the weldering, and workpiece is not incubated in welding process, and not slow cooling of postwelding is two-layer with the two-sided whole built-up welding of axle leaf, and bead-welding technology is greatly simplified than before.
3, operating position
The overlay cladding top layer does not have be full of cracks, and use after 35 days and observe, the overlay cladding overall wear, wear surface becomes the river sample coarse, and obvious hard point is arranged, and part is mother metal closely, needs built-up welding once more, improves nearly one times service life.
4, surfacing hardness and chemical analysis
The overlay cladding average hardness is HS=52
The overlay cladding chemical analysis
| C Cr Mn Mo Ni V W B S P |
| 0.55 1.1 0.7 0.3 2.7 0.1 2.3 0.005 0.007 0.005 |
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
The multiple tracks multiple-bead deposit that 1, can extensively be suitable for various Wear Type workpiece is repaired, and not preheating before the weldering, not heat treatment of postwelding, and crack resistance is high, applied range, easy to operate, labour intensity is low.
2, especially for stable performance after the reparation of high-carbon high-alloy large-scale workpiece, durable, can be country and enterprise and save a huge sum of money.
3, can all-position welding, thus some workpiece can do not dismantle or not shutdown situation under the built-up welding reparation.
4, the raw material wide material sources are easy to get, and process easyly, and yield rate is high, and cost is low.
Claims (2)
1. crack-resisting welding electrode without preheating for build-up welding, it comprises H08A core wire and electrode coating material, the electrode coating material is by weight percentage: marble 20-40, fluorite 10-20, quartzy 4-7, titanium dioxide 4-6, mid-carbon fe-mn 1-3,45 ferrosilicon 3-7, soda ash 0.5-1.0, high carbon ferro-chrome 4-8, graphite 0.5-3, molybdenum-iron 4-6, ferrotianium 5-11, nickel powder 5-9, vanadium iron 1-5, ferrotungsten 1-5, rare earth alloy 1-2, tungsten carbide 0-8, ferro-boron 0.1-2 and waterglass 20-30 (adding); Join between the alloying element content in the coating and should satisfy following relationship: 0.8≤(C+Cr+Mn+Si)/(Ni)≤1.5, each alloying element measures with pure content in the formula; S in each constituent in the coating material prescription, P content is S≤0.04%; P≤0.05.
2. electric welding rod for built-up welding according to claim 1 is characterized in that the rare earth alloy middle rare earth element simple substance total content that adds is not less than 35%, and 100% mistake, 120 orders, crosses 200 purposes and is not more than 30%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95117072A CN1056794C (en) | 1995-10-24 | 1995-10-24 | Preheating-free high anti-cracking surfacing welding electrode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95117072A CN1056794C (en) | 1995-10-24 | 1995-10-24 | Preheating-free high anti-cracking surfacing welding electrode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1148529A CN1148529A (en) | 1997-04-30 |
| CN1056794C true CN1056794C (en) | 2000-09-27 |
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ID=5081137
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95117072A Expired - Fee Related CN1056794C (en) | 1995-10-24 | 1995-10-24 | Preheating-free high anti-cracking surfacing welding electrode |
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| CN100408253C (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2008-08-06 | 佳木斯大学 | Antiwear welding rod with chromium, tungsten and rear earth |
| CN100475423C (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-04-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院 | Corrosion-resistant welding rod and preparing method thereof |
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| CN100475423C (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-04-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院 | Corrosion-resistant welding rod and preparing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1148529A (en) | 1997-04-30 |
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