CN105679178A - High-precision double-wheel shaft double-vernier earth's axis precession demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument - Google Patents
High-precision double-wheel shaft double-vernier earth's axis precession demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN105679178A CN105679178A CN201610208904.2A CN201610208904A CN105679178A CN 105679178 A CN105679178 A CN 105679178A CN 201610208904 A CN201610208904 A CN 201610208904A CN 105679178 A CN105679178 A CN 105679178A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B27/00—Planetaria; Globes
- G09B27/08—Globes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-precision double-wheel shaft double-vernier earth's axis precession demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument, which comprises a base, a motor, a cross beam, a rotating disk, a balance weight, wheel shafts, a cross beam support frame, a precession rotation head shaft, a right vernier scale vertical rod, a left vernier scale vertical rod, a main ruler and main ruler disc and a hollow support column. The motor is fixedly arranged at the right end of the cross beam; the rotating disk is fixedly arranged on a motor shaft; the balance weight is sleeved in a slide groove in the left end of the cross beam; outer edges of the two wheel shafts are clamped in a wheel shaft sleeve; the precession rotation head shaft is fixedly sleeved in inner edges of the two wheel shafts; the upper end of the precession rotation head shaft is fixedly provided with the cross beam support frame; the right vernier scale vertical rod and the left vernier scale vertical rod are connected at the right and left sides of the precession rotation head shaft respectively; the main ruler and the main ruler disc are sleeved in the middle portion of the hollow support column; the precession rotation head shaft is arranged at the upper end of the hollow support column; and a cross beam shaft of the cross beam is sleeved on a rotation shaft of the cross beam support frame. The beneficial effects of the experiment instrument are that the experiment instrument is reasonable in structure and good in experiment effect.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to experiment instrument, particularly relates to a kind of high accuracy double wheel axle, double vernier earth's axis precession demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument.
Background technology
The patent No. is " earth's axis precession principle demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument " utility model patent of ZL201220603296.2, although original earth's axis instrument has been carried out bigger improvement, but owing to rotating shaft adopts sphere type, crossbeam axle and precession axis are to realize precession by spherical all activity, there is precession instability problem, precession poor effect. The patent No. is " wheel shaft type earth's axis precession principle demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument " utility model patent of ZL201420053009.4, although crossbeam axle and precession axis separate overcomes the former defect, but it is single wheel axle due to what adopt, the instrument thus worked it out is tested, there are two defects: one, owing to rotating shaft upper end quality is relatively big, when precession instrument precession to a certain position just stops suddenly precession, usually there will be wheel shaft and be stuck phenomenon; They are two years old, owing to micro-chi bar is fixed on precession instrument crossbeam, and crossbeam phase countershaft is movable, so starting precession or power-off terminates precession at electrical power, due to effect of inertia, often there is jitter phenomenon in crossbeam, often there is bigger swing in the fixing bar of micro-chi, can there is large change in micro-chi and main scale relative position, so as to bigger error can occur measured crossbeam precession angle, it is impossible to the accurately precise angle of demonstration and quantitative measurement crossbeam (representing the earth's axis) precession.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome prior art not enough, it is provided that a kind of rational in infrastructure, high accuracy double wheel axle, double vernier earth's axis precession demonstration and the quantitative measurement experiment instrument that experiment effect is good.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs techniques below scheme:
This high accuracy double wheel axle, double vernier earth's axis precession demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument, line shaft, the vertical bar of right vernier cursor, the vertical bar of left vernier cursor, main scale and main ruler disk and hollow support post is rotated including base, motor, crossbeam, rotating disk, counterweight, wheel shaft, cross beam support frame, precession, described motor is fixed on crossbeam right-hand member, rotating disk is fixed on motor shaft, and counterweight is socketed in the chute of crossbeam left end;Two axles outer rim is fastened in axle sleeve, and precession rotates and is admittedly placed in two axles inner edge in line shaft, rotates line shaft upper end in precession and is fixed with cross beam support frame; The vertical bar of right vernier cursor and the vertical bar of left vernier cursor are connected to precession and rotate the left and right sides of line shaft; Main scale and main ruler disk are socketed in the middle part of hollow support post, and precession rotates and is always located in hollow support post upper end, and the crossbeam axle sleeve of crossbeam is on the rotation axle of cross beam support frame.
As preferably: the described vertical bar of right vernier cursor includes right micro-chi lateral adjustments bar, the right vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi and the micro-chi in the right side; The described vertical bar of left vernier cursor includes left micro-chi lateral adjustments bar, the left vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi and the micro-chi in a left side; The screw head of right micro-chi lateral adjustments bar is screwed onto precession and rotates on the right side of line shaft in screw, the screw head of the right vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi is screwed onto on the micro-chi in the right side right nut of vertical adjusting rod of right micro-chi lateral adjustments bar, the screw head of left micro-chi lateral adjustments bar is screwed onto precession and rotates on the left of line shaft in screw, and the screw head of the left vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi is screwed onto on the vertical adjusting rod left-handed screw nut of the micro-chi in a left side of left micro-chi lateral adjustments bar.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) both as earth's axis precession instrument, can use as free gyroscope again;
(2) vernier cursor is loaded on precession rolling bearing, be conducive to the relation accurately measuring the electric machine rotation number of turns with precession angle, overcome and vernier cursor is fixed on crossbeam, motor starts to rotate and terminate to rotate the large angle pendulum of moment vernier cursor and cause the extremely inaccurate measurement to precession angle, correct for the falsehood causing experimental result;
(3) have employed double vernier ruler system and measure precession angle, overcome bigger systematic error that is misaligned due to main scale geometric center and precession axis and that cause;
(4) left and right vernier cursor have employed horizontal and vertical micro-positioning regulators, it is achieved that left and right micro-chi arc, face coincide with main scale inner arc, face all the time and main scale and micro-chi face are maintained at approximately the same plane.
(5) have employed cored screw and cross beam support frame is fixed on precession axis, be convenient to crossbeam and double vernier chi are adjusted to vertical direction, be conducive to regulating the precession crossbeam elevation angle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram;
Overall structure schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is crossbeam inclination;
Fig. 3 is crossbeam schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that precession rotates line shaft double wheel axle and wheel shaft structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is micro-chi levelling lever schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the vertical adjusting rod schematic diagram of micro-chi;
Fig. 7 is double vernier, two-wheel axle sleeve and cross beam frame molectron schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is motor rotating disk schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is main scale and main ruler disk schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is micro-chi precision principle schematic;
Figure 11 is that not coaxial schematic diagram corrected by double vernier.
Description of reference numerals: 1, hollow crossbeam (represents the earth's axis), 1-1, crossbeam rotates axle, 1-2, counterweight, 1-3, motor, 1-4 photogate, 1-5, motor rotating disk (represents the earth), 1-50, be in the light bar, 1-6, hollow crossbeam transfer wire outlet opening, 2, cross beam support frame, 2-1, crossbeam rolling bearing, 2-2, cross beam support frame fixation hollow screw, 2-3, precession rotates line shaft, 2-4, upper whorl axial, 2-5, lower wheel shaft, 2-6, axle sleeve fixed screw, 3, the vertical bar of right vernier cursor, 3-0, two-wheel axle sleeve, 3-1, right micro-chi lateral adjustments bar, 3-2, the right vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi, 3-3, right micro-chi, 4, the vertical bar of left vernier cursor, 4-1, left micro-chi lateral adjustments bar, 4-2, the left vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi, 4-3, left micro-chi, 5, main scale and main ruler disk, 6, wire transmission passage, 7, hollow support rails, 9, electric cabinet, 9-1, display lamp, 9-2, precession time display fluorescent screen, 9-3, the number of times that is in the light display fluorescent screen, 9-4, time showing switchs, 9-5, be in the light number of times display switch, 9-6, on and off switch, 10, instrument base.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further. The explanation of following embodiment is only intended to help and understands the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to the present invention carries out some improvement and modification, these improve and modify in the protection domain also falling into the claims in the present invention.
The attachment structure of the present embodiment: motor 1-3 is fixed on crossbeam 1 (representing the earth's axis) right-hand member, rotating disk 1-5 (represents terrestrial equator) and is fixed on motor 1-3 axle, and counterweight 1-2 is socketed in the chute of crossbeam 1 left end, as shown in Figure 3; Two axles 2-4,2-5 outer rim card are socketed in double wheel axle set 3-0, precession are rotated and is admittedly placed in two axles 2-4,2-5 inner edge in line shaft 2-3, with cored screw 2-2, cross beam support frame 2 is fixed on precession and rotates line shaft 2-3 upper end, as shown in Figure 4; Right micro-chi lateral adjustments bar 3-1 screw head 3-10 spiral shell is fixed in precession and rotates on the right side of line shaft 2-3 in screw, the screw head 3-4 of right micro-chi vertical adjusting rod 3-1 is screwed onto on the right side right nut 3-12 of the vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi of right micro-chi lateral adjustments bar 3-1, left micro-chi lateral adjustments bar 4-1 screw head 4-10 spiral shell is fixed in precession and rotates on the left of line shaft 2-3 in screw, left micro-chi vertical adjusting rod 4-1 screw head 4-4 is screwed onto on the vertical adjusting rod left-handed screw nut 4-12 of the micro-chi in a left side of left micro-chi lateral adjustments bar 4-1, as shown in Fig. 5,6,7; Main scale is screwed onto hollow total support column 7 appropriate location with main ruler disk 5 set, as shown in Fig. 9,1,2; Double vernier, double wheel axle and cross beam frame molectron (as shown in Figure 7) set is fixed in hollow support post 7 upper end, the crossbeam axle 1-1 of crossbeam 1 (as shown in Figure 3) is enclosed within the rotation axle 2-1 of cross beam support frame 2, screw tightening is fixed, motor supply lines, photogate transmission line are connected and draw through hollow crossbeam wire outlet 1-6, transmission line 6 in spindle housing fixation hollow screw 2-2, hollow total support column 7 causes control chamber 9, as shown in Figure 1, 2.
As shown in Figure 10. 30 lattice on vernier cursor align with 29 lattice on main scale, are equivalent in 0.5 ° of (30 ') mean allocation to vernier cursor 30 lattice, and therefore on vernier cursor, every lattice are 1 ', and namely precision is 1 '.
Adopt double vernier rectifying eccentricity rate principle
(namely there is eccentricity) not necessarily it is completely superposed owing to instrument calibration dish main scale center geometric center and precession rotate line shaft, therefore crossbeam is in precession process, always there is error (i.e. instrumental error) in reading from single micro-chi, design and be symmetrically installed two micro-chis for this precession instrument, it is possible to correct the instrumental error owing to eccentricity causes. If O is main scale and main ruler disk geometric center, O1Rotating line shaft center for precession, the two not necessarily overlaps, and according to left and right vernier cursor, reads the initial reading respectively θ of precession from left and right vernier cursorLeft 1、θRight 1, precession terminates the micro-chi final reading respectively θ in left and rightLeft 2、θRight 2, then the accurate angle of crossbeam precession is
Proving: as shown in figure 11, if it is O that the geometric center of main scale disk and precession rotate center of circle during line shaft center superposition, time misaligned, it is O that precession rotates line shaft center1, cross O and be two diameters respectively AC and CD, cross O1It is EF//AB and JH//CD, it can be seen that as long as two center superpositions, reading AC arc length or BD arc length that any one vernier cursor reads out are all accurate, if two centers are misaligned, reading is EJ arc length or HF arc length, the two equal inaccuracy of arc length, but EA arc length=FB arc length;
JC arc length=HD arc length, has:
AC arc length=BD arc length=(AJ+JC) arc length=(DF+FB) arc length=(AJ+HD) arc length=(DF+EA) arc length,
Therefore, 1 formula is set up. Namely, when instrument calibration dish main scale center geometric center is not necessarily completely superposed with precession rotation line shaft, adopts double vernier chi (micro-chi) reading, and adopt 1 formula to calculate, it is possible to accurately measure precession angle.
Experimental procedure and experimental principle
1 connects precession instrument according to the method for attachment of precession instrument, is connected by transmission line, as shown in Figure 1;
2 hammer 1-2 into shape relative to axle 1-1 spacing along crossbeam 1 direction adjustment, so as to motor 1-3 rotating disk 1-5 end is slightly laid particular stress on, as shown in Figure 2;
3 regulate main ruler disk 5 suitably height, again through regulating left and right micro-chi (4-4,3-3) lateral adjustments bar (4-1,3-1) and vertical adjusting rod (4-2,3-2), so as to micro-chi of the micro-chi in left and right (4-4,3-3) and main scale 5 are generally aligned in the same plane, and left and right micro-chi (4-4,3-3) circular arc coincide with main scale 5 Inner arc;
4 push down by counterweight 1-2 mono-end floor beam 1 with hands, so as to crossbeam 1 (axis of rotation just as the earth) is yellow red angle relative to vertical direction (just as yellow axle), namely motor 1-3 runner plane 1-5 (just as earth equatorial plane) with respect to the horizontal plane (is equivalent to ecliptic plan) for yellow red angle, now, open electric cabinet 9 and switch 9-6, motor 1-3 starts to rotate, and reads the corresponding initial reading (being accurate to 1 ') in left and right vernier cursor (4-4,3-3) respectivelyWithDecontrol while counterweight 1-1 end hands, press electric cabinet 9 precession timing button 9-4 and the record electric machine rotation number of turns is in the light number of times button 9-5;
When 5 experiments terminate, press timing button 9-4 and the record electric machine rotation number of turns (be in the light number of times) button 9-5, read the corresponding scale in crossbeam 1 precession left and right vernier cursor (4-4,3-3) respectively simultaneouslyWithAnd show the number of turns n of display on the time Δ t and the number of times display fluorescent screen 9-5 that is in the light of display on fluorescent screen 9-4 readout time;
(6) data process: the angle of earth's axis precession(in units of being allocated as). Continuous precession rule according to the earth's axis, 360 ° of calculating are enclosed by earth's axis precession one, it is one day that plane of rotor disc (suitable terrestrial equator) rotates a circle, one sidereal year be 365.2422 (my god), then plane of rotor disc (suitable terrestrial equator) rotates n to enclose suitable sidereal year number is n/365.2422. If one week year number 360 ° required of precession that crossbeam (is equivalent to the earth's axis) is x, then
It can be calculated that one week required sidereal year number of crossbeam (being equivalent to the earth's axis) precession is
Astronomer tests out, one week needs of earth's axis precession 26000, and in order to verify the correctness of this conclusion, we can pass through the result of calculation of (3) formula, by comparison.
This patent obtains City College of Zhejiang University 2016 year teachers ' scientific research fund assistance, numbering: J-16004.
Claims (2)
1. a high accuracy double wheel axle, double vernier earth's axis precession demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument, it is characterized in that: include base, motor, crossbeam, rotating disk, counterweight, wheel shaft, cross beam support frame, precession rotation line shaft, the vertical bar of right vernier cursor, the vertical bar of left vernier cursor, main scale and main ruler disk and hollow support post, described motor is fixed on crossbeam right-hand member, rotating disk is fixed on motor shaft, and counterweight is socketed in the chute of crossbeam left end; Two axles outer rim is fastened in axle sleeve, and precession rotates and is admittedly placed in two axles inner edge in line shaft, rotates line shaft upper end in precession and is fixed with cross beam support frame;The vertical bar of right vernier cursor and the vertical bar of left vernier cursor are connected to precession and rotate the left and right sides of line shaft; Main scale and main ruler disk are socketed in the middle part of hollow support post, and precession rotates and is always located in hollow support post upper end, and the crossbeam axle sleeve of crossbeam is on the rotation axle of cross beam support frame.
2. high accuracy double wheel axle according to claim 1, double vernier earth's axis precession demonstration and quantitative measurement experiment instrument, it is characterised in that: the described vertical bar of right vernier cursor includes right micro-chi lateral adjustments bar, the right vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi and the micro-chi in the right side; The described vertical bar of left vernier cursor includes left micro-chi lateral adjustments bar, the left vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi and the micro-chi in a left side; The screw head of right micro-chi lateral adjustments bar is screwed onto precession and rotates on the right side of line shaft in screw, the screw head of the right vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi is screwed onto on the micro-chi in the right side right nut of vertical adjusting rod of right micro-chi lateral adjustments bar, the screw head of left micro-chi lateral adjustments bar is screwed onto precession and rotates on the left of line shaft in screw, and the screw head of the left vertical adjusting rod of micro-chi is screwed onto on the vertical adjusting rod left-handed screw nut of the micro-chi in a left side of left micro-chi lateral adjustments bar.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106097879A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of high accuracy double wheel axle double vernier earth's axis precession experiment instrument of conduction brush transmission wire type |
| CN107170333A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-15 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of celestial body azimuth and altitude angle measurements experiment instrument |
| CN107945626A (en) * | 2017-06-17 | 2018-04-20 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of mechanical fine motion inclined-plane measurement friction coefficient experiment instrument |
| CN108317940A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-07-24 | 中核(天津)科技发展有限公司 | Cylindrical work pieces is picked up the ears angle detection device and detection method |
| CN112411738A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-26 | 浙大城市学院 | Prefabricated balcony laminated slab and construction method thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106097879A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of high accuracy double wheel axle double vernier earth's axis precession experiment instrument of conduction brush transmission wire type |
| CN106097879B (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-10-02 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of high-precision double wheel axle double vernier earth's axis precession experiment instrument of conduction brush transmission wire type |
| CN107945626A (en) * | 2017-06-17 | 2018-04-20 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of mechanical fine motion inclined-plane measurement friction coefficient experiment instrument |
| CN107945626B (en) * | 2017-06-17 | 2023-12-29 | 浙江大学城市学院 | Mechanical type micro-dynamic inclined plane friction coefficient measuring experiment instrument |
| CN107170333A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-15 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of celestial body azimuth and altitude angle measurements experiment instrument |
| CN107170333B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2023-02-17 | 浙江大学城市学院 | Celestial body position and altitude angle measurement experiment instrument |
| CN108317940A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-07-24 | 中核(天津)科技发展有限公司 | Cylindrical work pieces is picked up the ears angle detection device and detection method |
| CN112411738A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-26 | 浙大城市学院 | Prefabricated balcony laminated slab and construction method thereof |
| CN112411738B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-12-24 | 浙大城市学院 | Prefabricated balcony laminated slab and construction method thereof |
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Granted publication date: 20180814 |