CN105676127A - Fault detection method and device for asynchronous motor - Google Patents
Fault detection method and device for asynchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105676127A CN105676127A CN201610034719.6A CN201610034719A CN105676127A CN 105676127 A CN105676127 A CN 105676127A CN 201610034719 A CN201610034719 A CN 201610034719A CN 105676127 A CN105676127 A CN 105676127A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/346—Testing of armature or field windings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Tests Of Circuit Breakers, Generators, And Electric Motors (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fault detection method for an asynchronous motor, and the method is used to accurately and rapidly determine faults including stator winding short circuit, rotor bar breaking and eccentric air gap of the asynchronous motor. A detection coil is placed in the tooth portion of certain stator of the motor to measure the air gap magnetic field of the corresponding position indirectly, a signal measuring and analyzing unit carries out spectrum analysis on inductive voltages at the two ends of the detection coil, and the fault type of the asynchronous motor is determined. The fault type can be timely detected at initial stage of the fault, guidance is provided for maintenance, maintenance time is reduced, and timely maintenance can reduce loss in the production process caused by the motor fault.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fault detection technique field, specifically a kind of method detecting asynchronous motor fault and device thereof.
Background technology
Asynchronous motor, owing to having simple in construction, the series of advantages such as easily manufactured, reliable, cheap, is applied widely in industrial or agricultural, transportation, national defense industry and other all trades and professions. Owing to asynchronous motor is widely applied, using environment different, load characteristic is also not quite similar, and electrical fault happens occasionally, and the asynchronous motor run in the occasion that particularly some running environment are severe, load shock is very big, fault rate is higher. Asynchronous motor fault causes its penalty, can be out of service time serious, affects production process. Especially under the production environment of Present Attitude automatization, the economic loss that electrical fault is brought is significantly larger than itself cost. In order to ensure motor and the reliability service of driven load, detect that electrical fault is significant for maintenance time with shortening for providing maintenance direction suggestion in time.
In asynchronous motor, stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault, rotor bar or end ring fracture and air gap eccentric centre are common fault types. For these faults, a lot of scholars have done big quantity research, but there are disadvantages that, as follows:
1, it is only be analyzed and detection for a kind of fault, it is impossible to detect various faults type by a kind of method simultaneously;
2, most common method is current status monitoring method, but current detection signal is fainter sometimes, and the impact coordinated with rotor bar number by stator winding number of pole-pairs when detecting air-gap eccentric fault, is not particularly suited for the asynchronous motor of all structures;
3, vibration detection method, is subject to external environmental interference.
Any electrical fault all can cause the change of air-gap field and the information comprised more horn of plenty, therefore can detect malfunction by research air-gap field characteristic.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the weak point in order to overcome prior art to exist, a kind of method detecting asynchronous motor fault and device thereof, to can accurately and quickly judge the fault type of asynchronous motor, thus ensureing the properly functioning of asynchronous motor.
The present invention solves that technical problem adopts the following technical scheme that
The feature of a kind of method detecting asynchronous motor fault of the present invention is to carry out as follows:
Step, size according to the stator tooth of asynchronous motor, utilize one m circle detection coil of enamel-covered wire coiling;
Step, by described m circle detect coil be enclosed within any one stator tooth;
Step, by after described placement detection coil two lead ends draws from rosette, and for detection coil voltage signal measure and spectrum analysis;
Step, acquisition detect the induced voltage spectrogram at coil two ends, and judge whether described voltage signal exists corresponding characteristic frequency according to described voltage spectrum figure; If existing characteristics frequency, then it represents that described asynchronous motor exists fault; Described fault includes:
If described characteristic frequency meets formula (1), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor (1) is stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault fault;
In formula (1), f1For power supply fundamental frequency, s is revolutional slip, and p is the number of pole-pairs of asynchronous motor, and n represents natural number, and k represents odd number;
If described characteristic frequency meets formula (2), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor is rotor broken bar or end ring fracture defect;
If described characteristic frequency meets formula (3), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor is fault of eccentricity;
In formula (3), nd=0 represents static eccentric; nd≠ 0 represents dynamically eccentric;
If described characteristic frequency meets formula (3) and formula (4), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor is fault of eccentricity;
The feature of the method for detection asynchronous motor fault of the present invention lies also in, and described detection coil (6), for the motor gas-gap magnetic field time-domain signal at approximate measure self position place, produces voltage signal with described motor-field time-domain signal.
A kind of device detecting asynchronous motor fault of the present invention, including asynchronous motor, rosette, signal measurement and analytic unit and display screen, is characterized in,
Any one stator tooth of described asynchronous motor is nested with a m circle detection coil;
Two lead ends of the detection coil after described placement are drawn from rosette, and accesses in described signal measurement and analytic unit;
Utilize the voltage signal measurement to detection coil of described signal measurement and analytic unit and spectrum analysis, it is thus achieved that the induced voltage spectrogram at detection coil two ends;
Judge whether described voltage signal exists corresponding characteristic frequency according to described voltage spectrum figure; If existing characteristics frequency, then it represents that described asynchronous motor exists fault; Described fault includes: stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault fault, rotor broken bar or end ring fracture defect, fault of eccentricity.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect that:
1, the present invention is by placing detection coil in asynchronous motor stator teeth portion, utilize its two ends induced voltage signal can detect stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault, rotor bar or end ring fracture, three kinds of faults of air gap eccentric centre simultaneously, having expanded a kind of method and only detected the scope of a kind of fault, practicality and economy are greatly improved;
2, to detect the coil two ends corresponding fault characteristic frequency of induced voltage signal more significantly for the present invention, it is easy to observation;
3, the present invention carrys out failure judgement type by indirect monitoring air-gap field, and signal is not by external environmental interference, and the information obtained is reliably accurate;
4, the invention belongs to online detection, it is to avoid the loss that motor stopping causes;
5, the present invention can detect it is which kind of fault in time at the fault initial stage, and this provides for maintenance and instructs and reduce corresponding maintenance time, the loss that maintenance reduction brings to production process due to electrical fault in time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is whole detection device schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention detects coil distribution schematic diagram;
Number in the figure: 1 asynchronous motor, 2 rosettees, 3 signal measurements and analytic unit, 4 display screens, 5 stators, 6 detection coils; 7 stator tooths.
Detailed description of the invention
The present embodiment adopts the asynchronous motor 1 with cage rotor structure. Cast-aluminum rotor, copper bar, copper coin rotor, as long as meeting mouse cage type structure. Asynchronous motor 1 includes: rotor, stator 5 and rosette 2.
A kind of method detecting asynchronous motor fault is to carry out as follows:
Step 1, size according to the stator tooth 7 of asynchronous motor 1, utilize one m circle detection coil 6 of enamel-covered wire coiling; Consider certainty of measurement and stator copper factor, it is determined that wire diameter and m size; Select the enamel-covered wire of certain wire diameter, due to detection coil 6 two ends open circuit, it does not have electric current, only having induced voltage, it is contemplated that copper factor, wire diameter is the smaller the better, but in reality, the enamel-covered wire of little wire diameter is easily broken in placement process, therefore select suitable wire diameter according to practical situation; Utilizing Ansoftmaxwell finite element software, analogue simulation determines the size of detection coil 6 two ends induced voltage under the different number of turn, then considers the precision of measurement device, stator copper factor, it is determined that coil turn m;
Step 2 is as in figure 2 it is shown, detect coil 6 by m circle and be enclosed within any one stator tooth 7; According to practical situation, in order to easy to operate, it is possible to carried out this operation before or after placing winding; Between detection coil and stalloy, stator winding, all useful insulating paper separates, it is prevented that short circuit; It after coil placed, is done voltge surge and tests by detection, is not damaged guaranteeing that it insulate in installation process; For the asynchronous motor that stator is closed slot, the technique of threading can be adopted to realize this step.
Step 3, by place after detection coil 6 two lead ends draws from rosette, and for detection coil 6 voltage signal measure and spectrum analysis; Detection coil 6, for the motor gas-gap magnetic field time-domain signal at approximate measure self position place, produces voltage signal with motor-field time-domain signal.
Step 4, acquisition detect the induced voltage spectrogram at coil 6 two ends, and judge whether voltage signal exists corresponding characteristic frequency according to voltage spectrum figure; If existing characteristics frequency, then it represents that asynchronous motor 1 exists fault; Fault includes:
If characteristic frequency meets formula (1), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor 1 is stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault fault;
In formula (1), f1For power supply fundamental frequency, s is revolutional slip, and p is the number of pole-pairs of asynchronous motor 1, and n represents natural number, and k represents odd number;
If characteristic frequency meets formula (2), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor 1 is rotor broken bar or end ring fracture defect;
If characteristic frequency meets formula (3), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor 1 is fault of eccentricity;
In formula (3), nd=0 represents static eccentric; nd≠ 0 represents dynamically eccentric;
If characteristic frequency meets formula (3) and formula (4), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor 1 is fault of eccentricity;
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of device detecting asynchronous motor fault, including asynchronous motor 1, rosette 2, signal measurement and analytic unit 3 and display screen 4;
As in figure 2 it is shown, be nested with a m circle detection coil 6 on any one stator tooth 7 of asynchronous motor 1; Consider certainty of measurement and stator copper factor, it is determined that wire diameter and m size; Select the enamel-covered wire of certain wire diameter, due to detection coil 6 two ends open circuit, it does not have electric current, only having induced voltage, it is contemplated that copper factor, wire diameter is the smaller the better, but in reality, the enamel-covered wire of little wire diameter is easily broken in placement process, therefore select suitable wire diameter according to practical situation;Utilizing Ansoftmaxwell finite element software, analogue simulation determines the size of detection coil 6 two ends induced voltage under the different number of turn, then considers the precision of measurement device, stator copper factor, it is determined that coil turn m; According to practical situation, in order to easy to operate, it is possible to carried out this operation before or after placing winding; Between detection coil and stalloy, stator winding, all useful insulating paper separates, it is prevented that short circuit; It after coil placed, is done voltge surge and tests by detection, is not damaged guaranteeing that it insulate in installation process; For the asynchronous motor that stator is closed slot, the technique of threading is adopted to be wound on by coil on stator tooth 7;
Two lead ends detecting coil 6 after placing are drawn from rosette 2, and accesses in signal measurement and analytic unit 3;
Utilize the voltage signal measurement to detection coil 6 of signal measurement and analytic unit 3 and spectrum analysis, it is thus achieved that the induced voltage spectrogram at detection coil 6 two ends;
Judge whether voltage signal exists corresponding characteristic frequency according to voltage spectrum figure; If existing characteristics frequency, then it represents that asynchronous motor 1 exists fault; Fault includes: stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault fault, rotor broken bar or end ring fracture defect, fault of eccentricity.
Claims (3)
1. the method detecting asynchronous motor fault, is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
Step 1, size according to the stator tooth (7) of asynchronous motor (1), utilize one m circle detection coil (6) of enamel-covered wire coiling;
Step 2, by described m circle detect coil (6) be enclosed within any one stator tooth (7);
Step 3, two lead ends of the detection coil (6) after described placement are drawn from rosette, and for the voltage signal measurement of detection coil (6) and spectrum analysis;
Step 4, acquisition detect the induced voltage spectrogram at coil (6) two ends, and judge whether described voltage signal exists corresponding characteristic frequency according to described voltage spectrum figure; If existing characteristics frequency, then it represents that described asynchronous motor (1) exists fault; Described fault includes:
If described characteristic frequency meets formula (1), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor (1) is stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault fault;
In formula (1), f1For power supply fundamental frequency, s is revolutional slip, and p is the number of pole-pairs of asynchronous motor (1), and n represents natural number, and k represents odd number;
If described characteristic frequency meets formula (2), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor (1) is rotor broken bar or end ring fracture defect;
If described characteristic frequency meets formula (3), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor (1) is fault of eccentricity;
In formula (3), nd=0 represents static eccentric; nd≠ 0 represents dynamically eccentric;
If described characteristic frequency meets formula (3) and formula (4), then it represents that the fault type of asynchronous motor (1) is fault of eccentricity;
2. the method for detection asynchronous motor fault according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described detection coil (6), for the motor gas-gap magnetic field time-domain signal at approximate measure self position place, produces voltage signal with described motor-field time-domain signal.
3. detect a device for asynchronous motor fault, including asynchronous motor (1), rosette (2), signal measurement and analytic unit (3) and display screen (4), it is characterized in that,
Any one stator tooth (7) of described asynchronous motor (1) is nested with m circle detection coil (6);
Two lead ends of the detection coil (6) after described placement are drawn from rosette (2), and accesses in described signal measurement and analytic unit (3);
Utilize the voltage signal measurement to detection coil (6) of described signal measurement and analytic unit (3) and spectrum analysis, it is thus achieved that the induced voltage spectrogram at detection coil (6) two ends;
Judge whether described voltage signal exists corresponding characteristic frequency according to described voltage spectrum figure; If existing characteristics frequency, then it represents that described asynchronous motor (1) exists fault; Described fault includes: stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault fault, rotor broken bar or end ring fracture defect, fault of eccentricity.
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Cited By (11)
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CN106501665A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-15 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Hydraulic generator rotor winding interturn short-circuit diagnostic method based on detection coil |
CN106602797A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-04-26 | 合肥工业大学 | Non-intrusion type detection apparatus for detecting eccentric faults of induction motor, and detection method thereof |
CN106771835A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Rotor of steam turbo generator turn-to-turn short circuit diagnostic device and method based on detection coil |
CN106772037A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Synchronous generator rotor winding interturn short-circuit diagnostic method based on twin coil |
CN107402350A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of threephase asynchronous machine fault of eccentricity detection method |
CN107843805A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-03-27 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Brushless exciter rotating diode open fault inline diagnosis method |
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CN109581145A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-04-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Stator winding faults detection method and detection device |
CN109845090A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-06-04 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | Method for detecting failure in motor |
CN110492689A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 河海大学 | The permanent magnet motor structure and method of detectable permanent magnet demagnetization and rotor eccentricity failure |
CN114355186A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-04-15 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for diagnosing rotor broken bar and speed sensor fault of asynchronous motor system |
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CN109845090A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-06-04 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | Method for detecting failure in motor |
CN106772037B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-07-09 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Synchronous generator rotor winding interturn short-circuit diagnostic method based on twin coil |
CN106771835A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Rotor of steam turbo generator turn-to-turn short circuit diagnostic device and method based on detection coil |
CN106772037A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Synchronous generator rotor winding interturn short-circuit diagnostic method based on twin coil |
CN106501665A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-15 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Hydraulic generator rotor winding interturn short-circuit diagnostic method based on detection coil |
CN106501665B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-07-09 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Hydraulic generator rotor winding interturn short-circuit diagnostic method based on detection coil |
CN106771835B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-06-18 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Rotor of steam turbo generator turn-to-turn short circuit diagnostic device and method based on detection coil |
CN106602797B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-06-14 | 合肥工业大学 | The detection device and its detection method of Noninvasive testing induction conductivity bias |
CN106602797A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-04-26 | 合肥工业大学 | Non-intrusion type detection apparatus for detecting eccentric faults of induction motor, and detection method thereof |
CN107402350A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of threephase asynchronous machine fault of eccentricity detection method |
CN107860972A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-30 | 北京信息科技大学 | Method for detecting harmonic wave and m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo |
CN107843805A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-03-27 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Brushless exciter rotating diode open fault inline diagnosis method |
CN109581145A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-04-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Stator winding faults detection method and detection device |
CN110492689A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 河海大学 | The permanent magnet motor structure and method of detectable permanent magnet demagnetization and rotor eccentricity failure |
CN114355186A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-04-15 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for diagnosing rotor broken bar and speed sensor fault of asynchronous motor system |
CN114355186B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-03-07 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for diagnosing rotor broken bar and speed sensor fault of asynchronous motor system |
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