CN105666877A - 3D printing machine with three-dimensional figure feedback system and printing method of 3D printing machine - Google Patents
3D printing machine with three-dimensional figure feedback system and printing method of 3D printing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN105666877A CN105666877A CN201610163761.8A CN201610163761A CN105666877A CN 105666877 A CN105666877 A CN 105666877A CN 201610163761 A CN201610163761 A CN 201610163761A CN 105666877 A CN105666877 A CN 105666877A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing machine with a three-dimensional figure feedback system and a printing method of the 3D printing machine. The 3D printing machine comprises a rack, a printing platform, a printing spray head, a material box, a feeding device, a drive device, a control system, a computer, a support mounted on the outer side of the drive device and a 3D scanner which is arranged on the support and used for scanning a printed article. In the product forming process, the 3D scanner is used for scanning a semi-finished workpiece or a blank, the three-dimensional profile of the workpiece is obtained and compared with a three-dimensional model of a target product through graphics operation, the motion path and printing parameters of the printing machine are adjusted according to a result, and therefore feedback control of the printing process is achieved, and the 3D printing forming precision and the printing efficiency are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to 3D printing technique field, particularly relate to a kind of 3D printer and the Method of printing thereof with three-dimensional picture feedback system.
Background technology
It is a kind of rapid shaping technique that 3D prints, and also cries and increases material manufacturing technology. Comparing traditional manufacturing technology, its advantage is to realize integrated manufacturing system (IMS), reduce manufacturing expense and shorten the process-cycle etc., is applied to the fields such as biologic medical, industrial design, aerospace and cultural creative gradually. Up to now, successfully having developed both at home and abroad in fusion sediment formula (FDM), laser sintered (SLS), photocuring (SLA), three-dimensional printing (DLP) and three-dimensional laser the multiple quick molding methods such as carving, wherein FDM is one of most widely used technology.
The ultimate principle that fusion sediment formula 3D prints is that the three-dimensional model that Computer Design exports resolves into the section of some layer planes, printer software generates the model forming path of every layer and necessary support path, then by printer head, material is melted ejection, and add by stacking by section figure, finally it is piled into complete object. There is two problems in existing fusion sediment formula 3D printing technique:
(1) formed precision is poor: in prior art, model slice and printing two procedures are the relations of open loop series connection, and printing effect cannot be fed back and control by print procedure, blindly prints out substandard product;
(2) printing effect is low: on the one hand, and every sample workpiece all needs from zero printing, long when considerably increasing printing; On the other hand, the system fault or print the work in-process unsuccessfully produced and cannot recycle, slip-stick artist can only adjustment model and parameter, accent prints, and expends debugging man-hour and material.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the problems referred to above of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of 3D printer and the Method of printing thereof with three-dimensional picture feedback system, by work in-process carry out 3D scanning and feedback, it is to increase 3D printing shaping precision and printing effect.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
There is the 3D printer of three-dimensional picture feedback system, comprise frame, print platform, printing head, body feed tank, feeding device, drive unit, Controlling System and computer, also comprise the support being arranged on outside described drive unit, and be arranged on support, for the 3D scanner of scanning and printing object;Described 3D scanner is connected with Controlling System and computer simultaneously, and Controlling System is arranged on the lower section of support; Described drive unit comprises the Y-direction translational motion module being arranged on the print platform left and right sides, it is arranged on both sides before and after print platform, for fixing the horizontal support bar of two Y-direction translational motion modules, it is arranged between two Y-direction translational motion modules and promotes the leading screw of print platform X to movement, the Z-direction translational motion module being arranged on two Y-direction translational motion module slide blocks, the X being arranged between two Z-direction translational motion module slide blocks to translational motion module, and with each stepper-motor being connected to translational motion module; Described feeding dress is positioned at the top of printing head, and is integrally arranged on X on the slide block of translational motion module with printing head.
Preferably, the height of described 3D scanner is less than the maximum height that printing head Z-direction moves.
Present invention also offers the Method of printing of this 3D printer, comprise the following steps:
(1) three-dimensional model input: the three-dimensional model file inputting product to be printed;
(2) three-dimensional model process: utilize computer that three-dimensional model is carried out slicing treatment, generates the section file of three-dimensional model, and is sent to Controlling System;
(3) printer initialize: after Controlling System receives section file and print instruction, the position of print platform and printing head is carried out initialize by drive unit, and start the well heater on printing head and feeding device, enter fishing dies formula after printing head discharging is normal;
(4) starting to print: 3D printer prints from the first layer, the printing path of current layer and parameter are sent to drive unit and printing head after reading section file by layer by Controlling System, and printing head prints in kind in desired location by layer;
(5) product profile is scanned: according to the setting of section file, after printing to appointment progress, Controlling System receives scan instruction, suspend and print, call 3D scanner to be scanned by printing portion, the transfer of scanning, to computer, is obtained the three-D profile B of printing portion by computer disposal;
(6) 3D graphic operation: the three-dimensional model A of the three-D profile B of printing portion and target product is contrasted by computer, is obtained geometrical shape and the volume of not yet printing portion C and many printing portions D by Boolean calculation;
(7) judgement and decision-making: not yet the volume ratio of printing portion C, many printing portions D and target product three-dimensional model A is respectively E, F, E, F and threshold value G is compared: if F is greater than G, then perform step (8); Otherwise, perform step (9);
(8) deviation of computer-made decision printing portion and target product exceeds setting range, suspends and prints, and points out product needed manual handling; Step (5) is returned after manual handling;
(9) if E and F is all less than G, then computer-made decision product has printed, and meets target call, terminates to print and exports the finished product; Otherwise, perform step (10);
(10) computer-made decision product prints and does not complete, and printing portion meets setting requirement, continues to print not yet printing portion C, performs step (11);
(11) Controlling System continues to read section file, prints by layer, and continues to circulate according to the mode described in step (5)～(9), until completing to print, and exports the finished product.
Specifically, in described step (1), the three-dimensional model file of product to be printed can be directly inputted in computer, it is also possible to directly sets up three-dimensional model with mapping software on computers, and converts the file of stl form to.
Further, in described step (4), the first layer of described section file is the lowest layer of model.
Further, in described step (5), when suspending printing, Controlling System control drive unit keeps original position, and the well heater cut out in printing head carries out naturally cooling.
Again further, in described step (10), receiving after continuing print command, Controlling System starts the well heater on printing head.
Further, in described step (11), the section file of reading has been adjusted according to the three-D profile of printing portion by computer.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful effect:
(1) the present invention utilizes 3D scanner workpiece work in-process or blank to be scanned in formed product process, obtain the three-D profile of workpiece, and compared by the three-dimensional model of graphics computing and target product, printer movement path and print parameters is adjusted according to result, thus realize the feedback control of print procedure, it is to increase 3D printing shaping precision and printing effect.
(2) in the present invention, print platform moves along X, Y-direction, and the cooperation moved by printing head Z-direction completes to print by layer, and print platform moves without the need to Z-direction, both ensure that the stability of print procedure, additionally reduces driving load; And printing head and print platform coordinate mobile, it is to increase printer efficiency.
(3) medium-height trestle of the present invention is arranged on the outside of drive unit, avoids and the collision of print platform, printing head, ensure that the firm property of 3D scanner, it is ensured that carried out comprehensively by workpiece work in-process, accurately scan.
(4) in the present invention printing head discharging normal after start to cut into slices again the reading of file and printing by layer, avoid without empty that beat or that discharging the is uneven situation of material, it is to increase the quality of initial printing; And, when printer pause works, printing head is lowered the temperature, and drips, both decreased the waste of material, and turn avoid the impact on scanning result after preventing material to be heated.
(5) in the present invention, 3D scanner is called by Controlling System control, and Controlling System enables 3D scanner after receiving scan instruction, and scanning is closed after terminating, and avoids 3D scanner to open for a long time and causes waste; 3D scanner is connected with computer, by computer, scan-data carries out the three-D profile that synchronous processing obtains printing portion, it is achieved the real-time feedback of print procedure.
(6) defective in the present invention work in-process can continue after carrying out manual handling to print, and avoids from zero printing, reduces material waste; And carry out the work in-process after manual handling and again to be carried out 3D scanning, by computer, scan-data is processed, modeling, judgement, not only fast but also accurate, it is to increase the unity that product batch prints.
(7) in the present invention computer according to reference to the half-finished three-D profile of workpiece, automatically the follow-up printing path of adjustment and parameter, even if the position of workpiece work in-process on print platform there occurs change, it is also possible to completes follow-up printing accurately, it is ensured that the integrity of the finished product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall schematic of 3D printer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schema of 3D Method of printing in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional model diagram of target product in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the pictorial diagram printing part in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional model diagram printing part in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 6 is the finished product pictorial diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is the three-dimensional model diagram of target product in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 8 is the pictorial diagram printing part in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 9 is the three-dimensional model diagram printing part in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Figure 10 is the pictorial diagram printing part in the embodiment of the present invention 2 after artificial reparation.
Figure 11 is the three-dimensional model diagram printing part in the embodiment of the present invention 2 after artificial reparation.
Part component name in accompanying drawing is called:
1-frame, 2-print platform, 3-printing head, 4-body feed tank, 5-feeding device, 6-Controlling System, 7-computer, 8-support, 9-3D scanner, 10-is printing portion, 11-Y is to translational motion module, and 12-horizontal support bar, 13-Z is to translational motion module, and 14-X is to translational motion module.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, and embodiments of the present invention include but not limited to the following example.
As shown in Figure 1, there is the 3D printer of three-dimensional picture feedback system, comprise frame 1, print platform 2, printing head 3, body feed tank 4, feeding device 5, drive unit, Controlling System 6 and computer 7, also comprise the support 8 being arranged on outside described drive unit, and be arranged on support 8, for the 3D scanner 9 of scanning and printing object; Described 3D scanner 9 is connected with Controlling System 6 and computer 7 simultaneously, and Controlling System 6 is arranged on the lower section of support 8; Described drive unit comprises the Y-direction translational motion module 11 being arranged on print platform 2 left and right sides, it is arranged on both sides before and after print platform, for fixing the horizontal support bar 12 of two Y-direction translational motion modules, it is arranged between two Y-direction translational motion modules and promotes the leading screw of print platform X to movement, the Z-direction translational motion module 13 being arranged on two Y-direction translational motion module 11 slide blocks, the X being arranged between two Z-direction translational motion module 13 slide blocks to translational motion module 14, and with each stepper-motor being connected to translational motion module; Described feeding device 5 is positioned at the top of printing head 3, and is integrally arranged on X on the slide block of translational motion module 14 with printing head 3.
The height of 3D scanner 9 is less than the maximum height that printing head Z-direction moves, and its installation position can realize printing platform space being scanned comprehensively, and the present embodiment medium-height trestle height is the half of Z-direction union lever height.
As shown in Figure 2, present invention also offers the Method of printing of this 3D printer, comprise the following steps:
(1) three-dimensional model input: the three-dimensional model A inputting product to be printed is input on computer 7, or with mapping software on computer 7, three-dimensional model directly set up by the softwares such as such as CAD, CAXA, and converts the file of stl form to;
(2) three-dimensional model process: utilize computer 7 that three-dimensional model A is carried out slicing treatment, generates the section file of three-dimensional model, and is sent to Controlling System 6;
(3) printer initialize: after Controlling System 6 receives section file and print instruction, the position of print platform and printing head is carried out initialize by drive unit, then the well heater on printing head 3 and feeding device 5 is started, making the thawing of the material in printing head 3 and flow out downwards, the wire rod material in body feed tank 4 is delivered to printing head 3 by feeding device 5 continuously simultaneously; After discharging normally, printer enters printing pattern;
(4) start to print: 3D printer prints from the first layer, the first layer of section file represents the lowest layer of three-dimensional model, Controlling System 6 reads the information in section file, the printing path of i-th layer and parameter are sent to drive unit and printing head 3, make printing head 3 print out this layer of material object in the position of setting;Hereafter, Controlling System 6 read successively the i-th+1 layer, the i-th+2 layers ..., n-th layer, and control drive unit and printing head 3 prints by layer;
(5) scanning product profile: according to the setting of section file, when system proceeds to appointment progress, after Controlling System 6 identifies the instruction requiring scanning in section file, control drive unit keeps original position, reduces the temperature of printing head 3, suspends and prints; Calling 3D scanner 9 to be scanned by printing portion 10, scanning gained transfer is to, in computer 7, process obtains the three-D profile B of printing portion 10 automatically simultaneously;
(6) 3D graphic operation: the three-dimensional model A of the three-D profile B of printing portion and target product is contrasted by computer, is obtained geometrical shape and the volume of not yet printing portion C and many printing portions D by Boolean calculation;
(7) judgement and decision-making: not yet the volume ratio of printing portion C, many printing portions D and target product three-dimensional model A is respectively E, F, E, F and threshold value G is compared: if F is greater than G, then perform step (8); Otherwise, perform step (9);
(8) deviation of computer-made decision printing portion and target product exceeds setting range, suspends and prints, and points out product needed manual handling; Step (5) is returned after manual handling;
(9) if E and F is all less than G, then computer-made decision product has printed, and meets target call, terminates to print and exports the finished product; Otherwise, perform step (10);
(10) computer-made decision product prints and does not complete, and printing portion meets setting requirement, continues to print not yet printing portion C, performs step (11);
(11) Controlling System continues to read section file, prints by layer, and continues to circulate according to the mode described in step (5)～(9), until completing to print, and exports the finished product.
Below by way of specific embodiment, the 3D Method of printing of the present invention is described in detail:
Embodiment 1
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional model A of embodiment 1 target product, calculate and three-dimensional model A is carried out slicing treatment, arranging the printing progress carrying out 3D scanning corresponding in the section file generated is 70%, and then Controlling System reads section file, carries out printing by layer from the first layer. When printing progress proceeds to 70%, Fig. 4 is the printing pictorial diagram of Controlling System 6 when reading scan instruction, and control drive unit keeps original position, reduces the temperature of printing head 3, suspends and prints; Calling 3D scanner simultaneously and printing portion 10 is carried out 3D scanning, and scan-data is synchronously sent to computer 7, computer sets up the three-dimensional model B of printing portion by image procossing, as shown in Figure 5.
The three-dimensional model A of the three-dimensional model B of printing portion and target product is compared by computer, geometrical shape and the volume of not yet printing portion C and many printing portions D is obtained by Boolean calculation, not yet the volume ratio of printing portion C, many printing portions D and target product three-dimensional model A is respectively E, F, and the permissible value of volume ratio is set as 1%; The data of computer comparison are: E>1%, G<1%, illustrate that this product does not complete to print, and printing portion meets setting requirement, judge to continue to print, until realizing the finished product, as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 7 is the three-dimensional model A of embodiment 2 target product, embodiment 2 is with the difference of embodiment 1, the printing progress that this time setting 3D scanning is corresponding is 100%, call 3D scanner and Fig. 8 printed the three-dimensional model B setting up Fig. 9 after material object scans, computer correlation data is: E<1%, G>1%, illustrate that the deviation of printed product and target product has exceeded set(ting)value, system judges that product needed carries out manual handling, relatively the three-dimensional model A of the printing physical three-dimensional model of Fig. 9 and the target product of Fig. 7 is known, many printing portions D mainly comes self model top, immediately top is carried out manual handling, obtain the material object of Figure 10, the material object of Figure 10 is carried out 3D scanning again, obtain the three-dimensional model B ' in Figure 11, computer continues to compare the three-dimensional model A of the three-dimensional model B ' and Fig. 7 of Figure 11, the deviation of the two is less than 1%, judge that the model after manual handling and target product are basically identical, therefore exportable the finished product.
Above-described embodiment is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not limiting the scope of the invention, as long as adopting the principle of design of the present invention, and the change carrying out non-creativeness work on this basis and making, all should belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. there is the 3D printer of three-dimensional picture feedback system, comprise frame (1), print platform (2), printing head (3), body feed tank (4), feeding device (5), drive unit, Controlling System (6) and computer (7), it is characterized in that, also comprise the support (8) being arranged on outside described drive unit, and be arranged on support (8) upper, for the 3D scanner (9) of scanning and printing object, described 3D scanner (9) is connected with Controlling System (6) and computer (7) simultaneously, and Controlling System (6) is arranged on the lower section of support (8), described drive unit comprises Y-direction translational motion module (11) being arranged on print platform (2) left and right sides, it is arranged on both sides before and after print platform, for fixing the horizontal support bar (12) of two Y-direction translational motion modules, it is arranged between two Y-direction translational motion modules, and promote the leading screw of print platform X to movement, Z-direction translational motion module (13) being arranged on two Y-direction translational motion module (11) slide blocks, the X being arranged between two Z-direction translational motion module (13) slide blocks is to translational motion module (14), and with each stepper-motor being connected to translational motion module, described feeding device (5) is positioned at the top of printing head (3), and is integrally arranged on X on the slide block of translational motion module (14) with printing head (3).
2. the 3D printer with three-dimensional picture feedback system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the height of described 3D scanner (9) is less than the maximum height that printing head (3) Z-direction moves.
3. the Method of printing of the described 3D printer of the arbitrary item of claim 1 ~ 2, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) three-dimensional model input: the three-dimensional model file inputting product to be printed;
(2) three-dimensional model process: utilize computer that three-dimensional model is carried out slicing treatment, generates the section file of three-dimensional model, and is sent to Controlling System;
(3) printer initialize: after Controlling System receives section file and print instruction, the position of print platform and printing head is carried out initialize by drive unit, and start the well heater on printing head and feeding device, enter fishing dies formula after printing head discharging is normal;
(4) starting to print: 3D printer prints from the first layer, the printing path of current layer and parameter are sent to drive unit and printing head after reading section file by layer by Controlling System, and printing head prints in kind in desired location by layer;
(5) product profile is scanned: according to the setting of section file, after printing to appointment progress, Controlling System receives scan instruction, suspend and print, call 3D scanner to be scanned by printing portion, the transfer of scanning, to computer, is obtained the three-D profile B of printing portion by computer disposal;
(6) 3D graphic operation: the three-dimensional model A of the three-D profile B of printing portion and target product is contrasted by computer, is obtained geometrical shape and the volume of not yet printing portion C and many printing portions D by Boolean calculation;
(7) judgement and decision-making: not yet the volume ratio of printing portion C, many printing portions D and target product three-dimensional model A is respectively E, F, E, F and threshold value G is compared: if F is greater than G, then perform step (8);Otherwise, perform step (9);
(8) deviation of computer-made decision printing portion and target product exceeds setting range, suspends and prints, and points out product needed manual handling; Step (5) is returned after manual handling;
(9) if E and F is all less than G, then computer-made decision product has printed, and meets target call, terminates to print and exports the finished product; Otherwise, perform step (10);
(10) computer-made decision product prints and does not complete, and printing portion meets setting requirement, continues to print not yet printing portion C, performs step (11);
(11) Controlling System continues to read section file, prints by layer, and continues to circulate according to the mode described in step (5)～(9), until completing to print, and exports the finished product.
4. Method of printing according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), the three-dimensional model file of product to be printed can be directly inputted in computer, can also directly set up three-dimensional model with mapping software on computers, and convert the file of stl form to.
5. Method of printing according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that, in described step (4), the first layer of described section file is the lowest layer of three-dimensional model.
6. Method of printing according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, in described step (5), when suspending printing, Controlling System control drive unit keeps original position, and the well heater cut out in printing head carries out naturally cooling.
7. Method of printing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that, in described step (10), receive after continuing print command, Controlling System starts the well heater on printing head.
8. Method of printing according to claim 7, it is characterised in that, in described step (11), the section file of reading has been adjusted according to the three-D profile of printing portion by computer.
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| CN201610163761.8A CN105666877B (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2016-03-22 | The Method of printing of 3D printer with 3-D graphic reponse system |
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