CN105655598A - Method for in-situ immobilization of microbiological fuel cell anode microbes - Google Patents
Method for in-situ immobilization of microbiological fuel cell anode microbes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105655598A CN105655598A CN201511034635.4A CN201511034635A CN105655598A CN 105655598 A CN105655598 A CN 105655598A CN 201511034635 A CN201511034635 A CN 201511034635A CN 105655598 A CN105655598 A CN 105655598A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008366 buffered solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010841 municipal wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003444 immunosuppressant agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001861 immunosuppressant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229930000044 secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Microbiology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for in-situ immobilization of microbiological fuel cell anode microbes, and belongs to the field of microbiological fuel cells. By using an agarose gel covering method for in-situ immobilization of microbiological fuel cell anode electrogenesis flora, and controlling the concentration proportion of the agarose gel and the gel forming temperature and time, the performance of the immobilized microbiological fuel cell is obviously higher than that of the microbiological fuel cell which is not subjected to immobilization; the in-situ immobilization of the agarose gel covering method is suitable for long-time stable operation of the microbiological fuel cell.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microbiological fuel cell field, be on the Research foundation of existing microbiological fuel cell, it is determined that a kind of make simple, biology is harmless, the stable and cheap original position microorganism immobilization method being applicable to microbiological fuel cell.
Background technology
The energy is the material base and the valuable source that maintain the lasting harmonious development of human survival and society. According to statistics, the energy is utilized 86% to come from fossil fuel resource by the world today, such as oil and coal etc. The population size quickly increased brings huge pressure to the goods and materials such as our environment and energy, threatens the sustainable development of human civilization. At present, chemical fuel resource is faced with aggregate reserve wretched insufficiency, and exploitation link is complicated, and utilization ratio is not high, non-renewable and produce the serious problems such as Environmental waste such as a large amount of dusty gas and residue after burning. Obviously, the progress of the mankind, the development of society and the rapid development of economy accelerate the consumption of the fossil resources such as oil coal, and Fossil fuel supports the development of World Economics by being difficult to and population at a high speed increases. International Energy Agency predicts, will increase by more than 50% to the year two thousand thirty global energy actual demand, and petroleum resources expectation will be exhausted at following about 100 years. Therefore, people more will pay close attention to be placed on how to reduce CO2Discharge and improve efficiency of energy utilization research on, renewable and " neutral carbon " of new forms of energy has become everybody common recognition.
For solving the nervous problem with energy greenization of fossil energy, the research of the new forms of energy substituting traditional fossil energy is just extensively carried out. In recent years, the research of solar energy system, air windmill and fuel cell also achieves the achievement attracted people's attention. Research shows, biomass energy is the very potential Renewable resource of one, is also important derived energy chemical raw material sources. Up to the present; biomass energy has become global the fourth-largest resource; after being only second to coal, oil and natural gas; account for the 14% of whole world total energy consumption; but along with progressively manifesting of crisis in food; biomass energy based on grain has occurred in that strives the problem of grain with people, and this has also promoted the exploration that biomass energy is newly originated by people.
Microbe-derived abundant in environment, be also many important nutrient, antibiotic, immunosuppressant etc. once or the important sources of secondary metabolites. It is known that microorganism can produce the fuel such as ethanol, methane, hydrogen from Organic substance, in addition, Organic substance can also be changed into electric energy by microorganism.Therefore, microbiological fuel cell provides the probability reclaiming electric energy and renewable biomass from debirs, by extensive concern. As a solution of continuity of environment row development, microbiological fuel cell can produce electric energy while removing pollutant, when the current energy is day by day in short supply, has important Research Significance.
The theoretical production capacity of microbiological fuel cell is higher, according to Nernst equation, when with acetic acid for electron donor, when oxygen is electron acceptor, the theoretical electromotive force respectively-0.3V (vsNHE) of anode of microbial fuel cell and negative electrode and 0.8V (vsNHE), it is 1.1V that theory between two electrodes thus calculated produces voltage, but, owing to the loss on electrode potential is (such as activation polarization, concentration polarization and ohmic loss), the open-circuit voltage of the microbiological fuel cell that current institute observes is significantly less than perfect condition, the influence factor of the difference on electromotive force also includes electron donor, electron acceptor and inoculum etc. it addition, electrode material, concentration of substrate, ionic strength, temperature, pH value and reactor structure etc. are all likely to affect the electricity generation performance of MFC.
Microbiological fuel cell technology has bigger potential using value, and the research about microbiological fuel cell also achieves a series of progress, but, microbiological fuel cell there is also some shortcomings part in the treatment of waste water, specifically including that (1) output is relatively low, the general output of microbiological fuel cell is less than 2W/m2, with conventional fuel cell 1W/cm2Output compare and still have bigger gap, when processing actual waste water with microbiological fuel cell, output is then lower, is generally less than 0.1W/m2; (2) there is no the battery configuration of applicable microbiological fuel cell extension, double-chamber microbiological fuel cell needs PEM and various cathode electronics receptor, expensive, the cost of manufacture making battery is higher, and single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell negative electrode makes complicated and expensive catalyst, also it is unfavorable for the extension of microbiological fuel cell; (3) microbial activities of anode and the output voltage of generation are bigger by the impact of environment and operating condition, current microbiological fuel cell is generally at 30 DEG C, run when pH neutrality and organic concentration relatively low (1gCOD/L), the substrate (Organic substance, actual waste water etc.) adding anode chamber is required higher, if actual waste water being carried out pretreatment can increase processing cost to reach substrate requirement, it is unfavorable for practical application and the popularization of microbiological fuel cell.
Microbiological fuel cell technology is as a kind of biological effluent treatment technology, due to the growth needs of electrogenesis antibacterial, needs when processing waste water to consider whether handled waste water produces toxic action to electrogenesis antibacterial more, thus limiting its application. And immobilized microorganism technology to have mithridatism impact capacity in the treatment of waste water strong, to features such as environmental change are insensitive, it is combined with microbiological fuel cell technology and can solve microbiological fuel cell process waste water problem encountered.
The present invention is with immobilized microorganism technology for object of study, on the Research foundation of existing microbiological fuel cell, adopt fixation in situ anode of microbial fuel cell microorganism, by in the agarose gel investment anode by its using microbe fuel cell, by the electricity generation performance of test microbes fuel cell and gel stability etc., it is determined that a kind of suitable in anode of microbial fuel cell makes the original position microorganism immobilization method being applicable to microbiological fuel cell simple, that biology is harmless, stable and cheap.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to by agarose gel investment fixation in situ anode of microbial fuel cell microorganism, it is provided that a kind of method of fixation in situ anode of microbial fuel cell microorganism.
Technical problem is that of present invention mainly solves realizes electrogenesis microorganism in situ immobilization, reaches microbiological fuel cell and while stabilized treatment high-enriched organics, can efficiently realize the purpose of output electrogenesis.
In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of method of fixation in situ anode of microbial fuel cell microorganism, comprises the following steps:
(1) microbe fuel cell inoculation municipal wastewater treatment plant water inlet, adds the substrate such as sodium acetate, realizes the process of anode enrichment electrogenesis microorganism after startup;
(2) agarose weighing certain mass is placed in phosphate buffered solution (8g/L sodium chloride, 0.2g/L potassium chloride, 1.44g/L disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.24g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, regulating pH is 7.4) in, controlling volume ratio 1: 1��10: 1000, heating is to being completely dissolved;
(3) agarose solution of dissolving is poured in culture dish, under 30��50 DEG C of conditions, the anode of microbiological fuel cell is immersed in agarose solution;
(4) the formation time controlling agarose gel is 10��100 minutes, clean with a large amount of deionized water rinsings, obtains agarose immobilized microorganism fuel cell electrogenesis microorganism anode;
(5) anode good for immobilization is loaded operation in reactor, it is determined that the change of electricity generation performance.
The advantage of the method for a kind of fixation in situ anode of microbial fuel cell microorganism provided by the present invention is in that: agarose gel moderate strength and do not affect the normal electrogenesis of microbiological fuel cell, is the microbe immobilizing material and the method that are suitable for microbiological fuel cell longtime running.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the electrogenesis curve synoptic diagram of agarose immobilization and non-fixation of microbe fuel cell.
Accompanying drawing 2 is agarose immobilization and non-fixation of microbe fuel cell power density and current density plot schematic diagram under different substrates concentration.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be illustrated clearly and completely below.
A kind of method of fixation in situ anode of microbial fuel cell microorganism, comprises the following steps:
(1) microbe fuel cell inoculation municipal wastewater treatment plant water inlet, adds the substrate such as sodium acetate, realizes the process of anode enrichment electrogenesis microorganism after startup;
(2) agarose weighing certain mass is placed in phosphate buffered solution (8g/L sodium chloride, 0.2g/L potassium chloride, 1.44g/L disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.24g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, regulating pH is 7.4) in, controlling volume ratio 1: 1��10: 1000, heating is to being completely dissolved;
(3) agarose solution of dissolving is poured in culture dish, under 30��50 DEG C of conditions, the anode of microbiological fuel cell is immersed in agarose solution;
(4) the formation time controlling agarose gel is 10��100 minutes, clean with a large amount of deionized water rinsings, obtains agarose immobilized microorganism fuel cell electrogenesis microorganism anode;
(5) anode good for immobilization is loaded operation in reactor, it is determined that the change of electricity generation performance.
According to experiment show, by the electrogenesis microorganism anode after agarose immobilization, can keep stable performance with sodium acetate substrate for the microbiological fuel cell of substrate, along with the increase in electrogenesis cycle, the maximum output voltage of microbiological fuel cell brings up to 0.4��0.6V.
According to experiment show, agarose gel moderate strength and do not affect the normal electrogenesis of microbiological fuel cell in the longtime running of microbiological fuel cell, is the microbe immobilizing material and the method that are suitable for microbiological fuel cell longtime running.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a fixation in situ anode of microbial fuel cell microorganism, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) microbe fuel cell inoculation municipal wastewater treatment plant water inlet, adds the substrate such as sodium acetate, realizes the process of anode enrichment electrogenesis microorganism after startup;
(2) agarose weighing certain mass is placed in phosphate buffered solution (8g/L sodium chloride, 0.2g/L potassium chloride, 1.44g/L disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.24g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, regulating pH is 7.4) in, controlling mass volume ratio 1: 1��10: 1000, heating is to being completely dissolved;
(3) agarose solution of dissolving is poured in culture dish, under 30��50 DEG C of conditions, the anode of microbiological fuel cell is immersed in agarose solution;
(4) the formation time controlling agarose gel is 10��100 minutes, clean with a large amount of deionized water rinsings, obtains agarose immobilized microorganism fuel cell electrogenesis microorganism anode;
(5) anode good for immobilization is loaded operation in reactor, it is determined that the change of electricity generation performance.
2. the method for a kind of fixation in situ anode of microbial fuel cell microorganism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: by the electrogenesis microorganism anode after agarose immobilization, stable performance can kept with sodium acetate substrate for the microbiological fuel cell of substrate, along with the increase in electrogenesis cycle, the maximum output voltage of microbiological fuel cell brings up to 0.4��0.6 volt.
3. the method for a kind of fixation in situ anode of microbial fuel cell microorganism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the electrogenesis microorganism anode after agarose immobilization, when high-enriched organics substrate, stable operation can be realized, when being substrate when adopting 15g/L sodium acetate, maximum output voltage reaches 450mV, far above the anode of not immobilized electrogenesis microorganism.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110854394A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-28 | 福州大学 | Copper-based composite material used as immobilized anode of microbial fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7767323B1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2010-08-03 | University Of South Florida | Microbial fuel cell |
| CN103380527A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2013-10-30 | 索尼公司 | Microbial fuel cell, fuel and microbes for said fuel cell, bioreactor and biosensor |
| CN104611262A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-13 | 河北大学 | Electricity-producing bacterium capable of degrading cellulose and application of electricity producing bacterium in fuel cells |
| CN104716336A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-17 | 江西师范大学 | Hydrogel microbial electrode and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7767323B1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2010-08-03 | University Of South Florida | Microbial fuel cell |
| CN103380527A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2013-10-30 | 索尼公司 | Microbial fuel cell, fuel and microbes for said fuel cell, bioreactor and biosensor |
| US20140024102A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2014-01-23 | Sony Corporation | Microbial fuel cell, fuel and microbes for said fuel cell, bioreactor and biosensor |
| CN104611262A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-13 | 河北大学 | Electricity-producing bacterium capable of degrading cellulose and application of electricity producing bacterium in fuel cells |
| CN104716336A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-17 | 江西师范大学 | Hydrogel microbial electrode and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110854394A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-28 | 福州大学 | Copper-based composite material used as immobilized anode of microbial fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
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