CN105654826A - Presentation device for industrial hydrochloric acid preparation - Google Patents
Presentation device for industrial hydrochloric acid preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105654826A CN105654826A CN201610170548.XA CN201610170548A CN105654826A CN 105654826 A CN105654826 A CN 105654826A CN 201610170548 A CN201610170548 A CN 201610170548A CN 105654826 A CN105654826 A CN 105654826A
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Abstract
A presentation device for industrial hydrochloric acid preparation comprises an electrolysis unit, a synthetic furnace simulation unit and a tail gas treatment unit. The electrolysis unit comprises a U-shaped tube, a power supply, a graphite carbon rod and a sealing plug; the synthetic furnace simulation unit comprises a combustion tube, a cup-shaped container and a triangular funnel for tube opening sealing, the combustion tube comprises an inner tube body and an outer tube body, the middle-lower portion of the outer tube body is communicated with the end, generating hydrogen gas, of the U-shaped tube through a first guide tube, the first guide tube is provided with a first piston switch, the lower end of the inner tube body is inserted into the end, generating chlorine gas, of the U-shaped tube and provided with a second piston switch, the upper end opening of the inner tube body is located in the upper end opening of the outer tube body, the cup-shaped container is arranged on the outer side wall of the middle-upper portion of the outer tube body and contains distilled water, and the triangular funnel for tube opening sealing is arranged on the cup-shaped container in an inverted mode and covers the tube opening of the outer tube body. The presentation device can vividly present the industrial hydrochloric acid preparation process for students, present the saturated salt water electrolysis process in chlor-alkali industry and verify a product and deepens understanding of the students to the chlor-alkali industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical experiment demonstrating device, more specifically refer to that the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry.
Background technology
Hydrochloric acid is important industrial raw material, and its raw materials for production hydrogen and chlorine are from chlorine industry product. At present, technical hydrochloric acid produces general employing graphite three-in-one synthesis furnace method. Three-in-one furnace main production process is: hydrogen, through surge tank and spark arrester, enters synthetic furnace burning by non-return valve with converging at lamp holder place through the chlorine of Chlorine Buffer Vessel, generates hydrogen chloride gas. Hydrogen chloride gas is absorbed by diluted acid in stove, generates the hydrochloric acid of qualified concentration, and the gas not absorbed enters tail gas recovery tower, absorbs with pure Water spray, forms diluted acid and enters in people's synthetic furnace to make absorbing liquid.
But, middle school chemistry is when introducing the production technique of several important commercial acid, and what introduce is sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the production of hydrochloric acid is but mentioned once. Such as religion version chemistry 1 of reviving, when introducing the chemical property of chlorine, only with line inscribed, " hydrogen burns in chlorine and generates hydrogenchloride, and hydrogen chloride gas obtains hydrochloric acid after being dissolved in water. " this not only cannot allow teacher be that student demonstrates the process of chlorine industry electrolysis saturated aqueous common salt and the checking of product, also cannot demonstrate the process that hydrochloric acid is prepared in industry. If there being the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid industrial making method, both can introduce hydrogen to burn in chlorine the special reacting phenomenon such as pale look flame occurs, and guiding student understanding hydrogen chlorine combustion processes can may cause the security incidents such as blast to be that hydrogen chloride gas that how to avoid, that reaction generates is how that how to collect, excessive hydrogen or chlorine process again. While church's student's scientific knowledge, the core ideas such as the experiment sight, the science essence that are conducive to training student correct are seen, chemistry values. Therefore, it is provided that the apparatus for demonstrating that hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a set of industry to prepare the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid, cannot demonstrate the shortcomings such as the industry process preparing hydrochloric acid as student to solve existing apparatus for demonstrating.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry, comprise electrolysis cells, synthetic furnace analogue unit and tail gas treating unit, wherein, described electrolysis cells comprises U-tube, power supply, graphite carbon rod and sealing plug, saturated aqueous common salt is filled in U-tube, a described sealing plug is established at the two ends of U-tube respectively, these U-tube two ends are also respectively equipped with a described graphite carbon rod contacted through sealing plug with saturated aqueous common salt, two graphite carbon rods respectively with the positive pole of power supply, negative pole correspondence connects, the graphite carbon rod periphery connecting positive source produces chlorine, the graphite carbon rod periphery connecting power cathode produces hydrogen, described synthetic furnace analogue unit comprises incendiary pencil, the triangular funnel of cup-shaped receptacle and ferrule, described incendiary pencil comprises interior pipe and outer tube, one end that in outer tube, bottom produces hydrogen by conduit one and U-tube is connected, this conduit one is provided with piston switch one, the lower end of interior pipe is inserted in one end that U-tube produces chlorine, interior pipe bottom is provided with piston switch two, it is inner that interior pipe upper port is positioned at outer tube upper port, on described cup-shaped receptacle is located in outer tube upper outside wall, this cup-shaped receptacle is equipped with distilled water, the triangular funnel of ferrule tips upside down on described cup-shaped receptacle and is covered by the described outer tube mouth of pipe.
Further, one end that described U-tube produces hydrogen is also inserted with a triangular funnel, for the temporary solution extruded by chlorine and hydrogen.
Further, described tail gas treating unit comprises the beaker one that suds are housed and the beaker two that sodium hydroxide solution is housed, wherein, one end of U-tube generation hydrogen stretches in the suds of described beaker one by arm one, this arm one is provided with piston switch three, one end of U-tube generation chlorine is stretched to by arm two in the sodium hydroxide solution of described beaker two, and this arm two is provided with piston switch four.
Further, the bottom of described outer tube is also provided with conduit two, and this conduit two is provided with piston switch five, it may be preferred that the end of this conduit two stretches in above-mentioned beaker two, does not contact with sodium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, described sealing plug is soft rubber ball.
Preferably, described saturated aqueous common salt adopts the saturated aqueous common salt of heat, and actual temp is 30��50 DEG C.
Preferably, described power acquisition direct supply, voltage control is at 8��16V.
By the above-mentioned description to present configuration it will be seen that compared to the prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, apparatus for demonstrating of the present invention, vividly for student demonstrates technical hydrochloric acid preparation process, and can demonstrate the process of chlorine industry electrolysis saturated aqueous common salt and be verified by product, having deepened the understanding of student for chlorine industry.
2, apparatus for demonstrating of the present invention, synthetic furnace analogue unit adopts the U-tube of incendiary pencil and the electrolysis cells being made up of inner and outer pipe to be connected ingeniously, and cup-shaped receptacle dress distilled water is set at outer tube, coordinate the back-off triangular funnel of outer tube ferrule as the absorption unit of hydrogenchloride, can also effectively prevent the excessive of toxic gas while absorbing hydrogen chloride.
3, apparatus for demonstrating of the present invention, is provided with conduit two at outer pipe bottom, and is provided with piston switch five, solves the problem of liquid possibility obstruction conduit one, hydrogen can be burnt smooth and easyly.
4, apparatus for demonstrating of the present invention, saturated aqueous common salt and the 16V voltage of U-tube, heat is selected to carry out electrolysis, student can be made to observe a large amount of colourless hydrogen, the generation of yellow-green colour chlorine within the short period of time, when hydrogen chlorine burns, the variable color of the small droplets on pale look flame and white mist, triangular funnel wall and test paper clearly show that the generation of hydrogenchloride and the generation of hydrochloric acid, obvious phenomenon is conducive to the preparation process of student's intuitivism apprehension technical hydrochloric acid, and theory and reality are effectively docked.
5, apparatus for demonstrating of the present invention, tests pure to the hydrogen collected, it is ensured that combustion completion; Use suds to process unnecessary hydrogen, prevent the generation of security incident; Burner outer pipe volume is greater than interior pipe, it is ensured that during burning, hydrogen is more than chlorine, prevents chlorine because of the incomplete polluted air that burns; Sodium hydroxide solution is used to absorb excessive chlorine, it may also be useful to the triangular funnel that the mouth of pipe is closed tips upside down on above incendiary pencil, effectively prevents toxic gas from flying away polluted air. These designs, while guaranteeing the relieved observation experiment phenomenon of student, improve the safety and environmental protection consciousness of student in subtle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of synthetic furnace analogue unit of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete description, it is clear that described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments. Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments all obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry, with reference to Fig. 1, comprise electrolysis cells 10, synthetic furnace analogue unit 20 and tail gas treating unit 30, wherein, described electrolysis cells comprises U-tube 11, power supply 12, graphite carbon rod 13 and sealing plug 14, saturated aqueous common salt is filled in U-tube 11, a described sealing plug 14 is established at the two ends of U-tube 11 respectively, these U-tube 11 two ends are also respectively equipped with a described graphite carbon rod 13 contacted through sealing plug 14 with saturated aqueous common salt, two graphite carbon rods 13 respectively with the positive pole of power supply 12, negative pole correspondence connects, graphite carbon rod 13 periphery connecting positive source produces chlorine, graphite carbon rod 13 periphery connecting power cathode produces hydrogen. U-tube 11 produces hydrogen one end and is also inserted with a triangular funnel 15, for the temporary solution extruded by chlorine and hydrogen.
Composition graphs 2, described synthetic furnace analogue unit 20 comprises incendiary pencil 21, the triangular funnel 23 of cup-shaped receptacle 22 and ferrule, described incendiary pencil 21 comprises interior pipe 211 and outer tube 212, one end that in outer tube 212, bottom produces hydrogen by conduit 1 and U-tube 11 is connected, this conduit one is provided with piston switch 1, interior pipe 211 times ends are inserted in one end that U-tube produces chlorine, interior pipe 211 bottom is provided with piston switch 2 2111, it is inner that interior pipe 211 upper port is positioned at outer tube 212 upper port, described cup-shaped receptacle 22 is located in outer tube 212 on upper outside wall, this cup-shaped receptacle 22 is equipped with distilled water and pH test paper, for absorbing and inspection hydrogenchloride. the triangular funnel 23 of ferrule tips upside down on described cup-shaped receptacle 22 and is covered by described outer tube 212 mouth of pipe.
With reference to Fig. 1, described tail gas treating unit 30 comprises the beaker 1 that suds are housed and the beaker 2 32 that sodium hydroxide solution is housed, wherein, one end that U-tube 11 produces hydrogen stretches in the suds of described beaker 1 by arm 1, this arm 1 is provided with piston switch 3 161, for hydrogen excessive for possibility is formed bubble burning removing by importing. One end of U-tube generation chlorine is stretched to by arm 2 17 in the sodium hydroxide solution of described beaker 2 32, and this arm 2 17 is provided with piston switch 4 171, for removing the excessive chlorine of possibility. The bottom of described outer tube 212 is also provided with conduit 2 25, and this conduit 2 25 is provided with piston switch 5 251, it may be preferred that the end of this conduit 2 25 stretches in above-mentioned beaker 2 32, but does not contact with sodium hydroxide solution.
The preferred soft rubber ball of above-mentioned sealing plug; Above-mentioned saturated aqueous common salt adopts the saturated aqueous common salt of heat, and actual temp is 30��50 DEG C; Above-mentioned power acquisition direct supply, voltage control is at 8��16V.
The experimental procedure that the present invention is concrete and phenomenon are described referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
The preparation of the saturated aqueous common salt of 1.1 heat
The saturated aqueous common salt of heat is the sole agent that this experiment uses, and is dissolved by enough sodium-chlor and just can obtain in the hot water. Using the solution of heat based on two reasons, the solution that one is hot can be accelerated dissolution rate, improve concentration; The more important thing is, solution temperature is more high, and chlorine solubleness wherein is more little. The saturated nacl aqueous solution of heat is conducive to comparatively fast collecting chlorine, saves the demonstration time, it is to increase classroom efficiency.
The injection of 1.2 saturated aqueous common salts
Heat saturated aqueous common salt inject time it is noted that control volume, avoid the solution because injecting too much, there is when soft rubber ball is filled in partially liq to enter the conduit at piston switch one, two (241,2111) place, cause the blocking being subject to liquid when discharging hydrogen, chlorine to discharge smoothly. Therefore, to first sound out, the liquid level of solution should be injected when finding soft rubber ball plug tight and marking. During formal injection solution, first closure piston switch three, four (161,171), the height that injection heat ground saturated nacl aqueous solution marks extremely in advance, then soft rubber ball is filled in respectively tight, ensure solution both full U-tube 11, can not enter again in conduit.
The electrolysis of 1.3 saturated aqueous common salts
After having assembled instrument by Fig. 1, in synthetic furnace analogue unit, cup-shaped receptacle 22 does not fill water, and the triangular funnel 23 of ferrule is not first buckled. The right side of the present embodiment power supply 12 is positive pole, and left side is negative pole, connects direct supply, and voltage control is 16V, starts electrolysis. Laboratory student power source DC output voltage is up to 16V, it may also be useful to this voltage carries out electrolysis can shorten the demonstration time as far as possible. After electrolysis for some time, a large amount of hydrogen collected by the left pipe of U-tube 11, and the chlorine that right pipe is collected is less, and solution is pressed in triangular funnel 15 by the gas of generation.
Testing of 1.4 hydrogen is pure
After collecting a large amount of hydrogen, the outer tube 212 of synthetic furnace analogue unit burner 21 is buckled a dry test tube, opens piston switch 1, a certain amount of hydrogen is entered in test tube. Taking off test tube, the mouth of pipe, near spirit lamp flame, has sharp-pointed explosion down, illustrates that collected hydrogen is impure, and reason is in conduit has air to exist. Repeating above step, until hearing dull " flutterring " sound, illustrating that the hydrogen in synthetic furnace analogue unit is pure, for ensuing safe combustion is ready.
Hydrogen wants the smooth and easy burning of energy, and outer tube 212 just can not have liquid to block. Cup-shaped receptacle 22 can not first fill distilled water, liquid can be brought in incendiary pencil when taking off the test tube of outer tube when hydrogen is tested pure to prevent exactly. If because injecting before testing, saturated aqueous common salt tank level control is improper causes partially liq to enter outer tube along with hydrogen, can first closure piston switch 1, open piston switch 5 251, liquid in outer tube 212 flowed into and is equipped with in the beaker 2 32 of sodium hydroxide solution. Now require that the conduit that piston switch 5 251 connects can not insert in sodium hydroxide solution, otherwise in outer tube, liquid cannot be discharged. After liquid flows out, closure piston switch 5 251, carries out testing pure again, has prevented air from entering outer tube and has caused hydrogen impure.
The burning of 1.5 hydrogen chlorine
Distilled water is injected to cup mouth 1cm place, toward wherein putting a slice pH test paper in cup-shaped receptacle 22.Opening piston switch 1, control hydrogen flow rate, forms steady air-flow, lights hydrogen, and hydrogen is in outer tube 212 mouthfuls quietly burning, and due to the interference of sodium element flame color in glass, flame is yellow. Opening piston switch 2 2111 again, chlorine enters interior pipe 211, pipe 211 mouth of pipe moment in arriving, and occurs the beautiful picture that hydrogen and oxygen burn at inner spout at outer spout burning, hydrogen and chlorine. After chlorine continues contact with hydrogen, burning and carry out at inner spout, flame is pale look.
The generation of 1.6 hydrochloric acid and inspection
The dry triangular funnel 23 of the ferrule of back-off on covering above the flame being burning, hydrogen chlorine continues burning, a large amount of white mist is had to occur, triangular funnel 23 wall there is small droplets to adhere to, the pH test paper being placed in distilled water turns red, obviously contrast with being formed before burning, illustrate that reaction has hydrogen chloride gas generate and be partially dissolved in water to form hydrochloric acid.
The process of 1.7 tail gas
After burning for some time, owing to gas a kind of in hydrogen or chlorine exhausts, burning terminates, closure piston switch one, two (241,2111). If hydrogen has residue, then open piston switch 3 161, hydrogen is entered in suds and form bubble, light removing, prevent security incident; If chlorine residue, then open piston switch 4 171, chlorine is entered in sodium hydroxide solution and absorb, preventing pollution air.
Above are only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the design of the present invention design is not limited thereto, all changes utilizing this design that the present invention carries out unsubstantiality, all should belong to the behavior invading protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry, it is characterized in that: comprise electrolysis cells, synthetic furnace analogue unit and tail gas treating unit, wherein, described electrolysis cells comprises U-tube, power supply, graphite carbon rod and sealing plug, saturated aqueous common salt is filled in U-tube, a described sealing plug is established at the two ends of U-tube respectively, these U-tube two ends are also respectively equipped with a described graphite carbon rod contacted through sealing plug with saturated aqueous common salt, two graphite carbon rods respectively with the positive pole of power supply, negative pole correspondence connects, the graphite carbon rod periphery connecting positive source produces chlorine, the graphite carbon rod periphery connecting power cathode produces hydrogen, described synthetic furnace analogue unit comprises incendiary pencil, the triangular funnel of cup-shaped receptacle and ferrule, described incendiary pencil comprises interior pipe and outer tube, one end that in outer tube, bottom produces hydrogen by conduit one and U-tube is connected, this conduit one is provided with piston switch one, the lower end of interior pipe is inserted in one end that U-tube produces chlorine, interior pipe bottom is provided with piston switch two, it is inner that interior pipe upper port is positioned at outer tube upper port, on described cup-shaped receptacle is located in outer tube upper outside wall, this cup-shaped receptacle is equipped with distilled water, the triangular funnel of ferrule tips upside down on described cup-shaped receptacle and is covered by the described outer tube mouth of pipe.
2. the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: one end that described U-tube produces hydrogen is also inserted with a triangular funnel, for the temporary solution extruded by chlorine and hydrogen.
3. the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tail gas treating unit comprises the beaker one that suds are housed and the beaker two that sodium hydroxide solution is housed, wherein, one end of U-tube generation hydrogen stretches in the suds of described beaker one by arm one, this arm one is provided with piston switch three, one end of U-tube generation chlorine is stretched to by arm two in the sodium hydroxide solution of described beaker two, and this arm two is provided with piston switch four.
4. the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the bottom of described outer tube is also provided with conduit two, and this conduit two is provided with piston switch five.
5. the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the end of described conduit two stretches in described beaker two, does not contact with sodium hydroxide solution.
6. the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described sealing plug is soft rubber ball.
7. the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the temperature of described saturated aqueous common salt is 30��50 DEG C.
8. the apparatus for demonstrating of hydrochloric acid is prepared in a set of industry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described power acquisition direct supply, voltage control is at 8��16V.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610170548.XA CN105654826B (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2016-03-24 | The apparatus for demonstrating of a set of industrially prepared hydrochloric acid |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610170548.XA CN105654826B (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2016-03-24 | The apparatus for demonstrating of a set of industrially prepared hydrochloric acid |
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| CN105654826A true CN105654826A (en) | 2016-06-08 |
| CN105654826B CN105654826B (en) | 2019-03-26 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2480935Y (en) * | 2001-04-29 | 2002-03-06 | 曾宏孝 | Multi-function gas generator |
| CN202549159U (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-11-21 | 天津市职业大学 | Graphite-made three-in-one hydrochloric acid synthesis furnace teaching device |
| CN202855164U (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2013-04-03 | 西北师范大学 | Multi-phenomenon controllable experiment apparatus |
| CN204720075U (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-10-21 | 林师龙 | A kind of electrolytic chlorination copper solution and check the experimental provision of its product characteristics |
| CN205665948U (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-10-26 | 叶永谦 | Presentation device of one set of industry preparation hydrochloric acid |
-
2016
- 2016-03-24 CN CN201610170548.XA patent/CN105654826B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2480935Y (en) * | 2001-04-29 | 2002-03-06 | 曾宏孝 | Multi-function gas generator |
| CN202549159U (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-11-21 | 天津市职业大学 | Graphite-made three-in-one hydrochloric acid synthesis furnace teaching device |
| CN202855164U (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2013-04-03 | 西北师范大学 | Multi-phenomenon controllable experiment apparatus |
| CN204720075U (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-10-21 | 林师龙 | A kind of electrolytic chlorination copper solution and check the experimental provision of its product characteristics |
| CN205665948U (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-10-26 | 叶永谦 | Presentation device of one set of industry preparation hydrochloric acid |
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| CN105654826B (en) | 2019-03-26 |
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