CN202855164U - Multi-phenomenon controllable experiment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a multi-phenomenon controllable discoloring fountain experiment apparatus, belonging to the teaching experiment field. The apparatus comprises an ammonia gas preparation experiment device, a fountain experiment device, a discoloration experiment device and an air-blow firing experiment device. According to the utility model, the most classic demonstration experiment, the fountain experiment, in middle school teaching materials is used, and by ingenious arrangements and scientific combinations, the air-blow firing device is used as an initiation device instead of the conventional rubber head dropper, and reactions, such as mini-explosions, the discoloration reaction and the like, are added, thereby showing interesting properties of chemical changes in a simple way; chemical philosophy spirits are reflected in each step of the reactions, and the endless circulation essence of the nature is disclosed in opposite or contrasting experiment phenomena; and various reactions are initiated by one breath, increasing the studying interests of students, widening the knowledge scope of the students, and exciting the subjective initiative of the students.

Description

Multi-Phenomena Controllable Experimental Device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of teaching experiment instruments, and relates to a multi-phenomenon controllable experimental device which integrates the preparation of ammonia gas, gas blowing to make a fire, color reaction and fountain experiment. the

Background technique

The preparation, collection and inspection of ammonia gas, blowing to make a fire, colorful color reactions and fountain experiments are classic demonstration experiments in middle school textbooks. At present, these classic demonstration experiments are basically carried out independently.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a multi-phenomena controllable color-changing fountain experimental device for the problems existing in the existing classical demonstration experiments.

(1) Structure of multi-phenomena controllable experimental device

The multi-phenomena controllable experimental device of the present utility model comprises an ammonia gas preparation experimental device, a fountain experimental device, a color development experimental device and an air blowing and ignition experimental device; the ammonia gas preparation experimental device consists of a large test tube with branch pipes and a separating funnel Composition; The fountain experiment device is made up of inverted three-necked flask, beaker and plastic small test tube, and the three mouths of the three-necked flask are communicated with the described large test tube with branch pipe, beaker, and plastic small test tube respectively through conduits; The color development experimental device is composed of a disc reactor, a small test tube, a small iron ball and a small iron ball control device, wherein the small test tube is located below the outer circumference of the disc reactor, and the small iron ball is located above the disc reactor; the small iron ball The ball control device includes an iron stand above the disc reactor, a light glass track set on the iron stand, a small stone ball placed on the light glass track and a piston corresponding to the small iron ball; the small iron ball passes through The pulley device is connected with the plastic small test tube.

In order to facilitate the control of the experimental process, the catheters are respectively provided with spring clips. the

The connecting port between the three-neck flask and the large test tube with a branch tube is provided with a pointed glass emptying port.

NaOH powder is housed in the large test tube with branch pipe of described ammonia preparation experimental device, and concentrated ammonia water is housed in the separatory funnel;

There are two beakers in the fountain experimental device, in which dilute NaOH solution and colorless phenolphthalein are respectively added.

There are four small test tubes in the color development experimental device, and FeCl ₃ solution, litmus indicator, CuSO ₄ solution and phenolphthalein are respectively added therein.

The disc reactor is filled with concentrated NaOH solution; the plastic small test tube is filled with dilute hydrochloric acid HCl; the light glass track is coated with concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate powder; the surface of small stone balls is soaked in ethanol.

The multi-phenomena controllable experimental device of the present utility model also includes an experimental device for blowing air to make a fire. The device includes a wooden stick and a bracket arranged above the light glass track. It is connected to the bracket through cotton thread; the cotton thread is provided with absorbent cotton.

Na ₂ O ₂ powder is stained on the absorbent cotton.

(2) Experimental phenomenon

1. Preparation, collection and inspection of ammonia gas

Unscrew the plunger of the separatory funnel, drop concentrated ammonia water into the NaOH powder in the large test tube below, white bubbles will be generated rapidly, and the NaOH powder will dissolve. Use a glass rod dipped in concentrated HCl to detect at the pointed-mouth glass emptying port, and observe the experimental phenomenon until a large amount of white smoke is generated at the emptying port, and the three-necked flask is filled with NH ₃ .

2. Air blowing fire experiment

Use a slender glass tube dipped in water to slowly blow air on the absorbent cotton coated with Na ₂ O ₂ powder, the absorbent cotton will turn black, and sparks will appear, persist for fifteen seconds, and the absorbent cotton will burn.

3. "Battle of firecrackers" experiment

The cotton thread was burnt, the wooden stick fell rapidly, collided with the ball, and the ball soaked in ethanol slid down the glass track, and reacted violently with the concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate powder smeared on the track, sending out "firecrackers" the crackling sound.

4. Color experiment

The small iron ball falls into the concentrated NaOH, causing the concentrated NaOH to overflow, and drops into four small test tubes containing phenolphthalein, FeCl ₃ , CuSO ₄ solution, and red litmus indicator respectively, and red, reddish-brown precipitates, and blue particles appear. Layer precipitation and blue color reaction.

5. Fountain experiment

The small iron ball falls and pulls the connected small plastic test tubes containing a small amount of dilute HCl at the same time. The plastic small test tubes rise rapidly, and the potential energy of the dilute HCl in them is converted into kinetic energy, which is sprayed into the three-necked flask and finally triggers the fountain.

The characteristics of this utility model: centering on the most classic demonstration experiment in middle school textbooks—the fountain experiment, through ingenious setting and scientific combination, the original simple rubber dropper is replaced by blowing air as the trigger device, and at the same time added Micro-explosion, color reaction and other reactions fully demonstrate a multi-phenomena controllable color-changing fountain experiment to the public. The basic principle of each reaction in this experimental design is very simple, but after combining them, the wonders of chemical changes are intriguing and interesting, which can be said to turn simplicity into magic; and in each step of the reaction The spirit of chemical philosophy embodied can reveal the endless and cyclic nature of nature in the opposite or opposite experimental phenomena. The utility model triggers a series of colorful and diverse reactions with one breath, which can make people sigh and realize that sometimes life only needs one breath to overcome all difficulties and dangers and win a wonderful life.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.

Detailed ways

Referring to Figure 1, a multi-phenomenon controllable experimental device includes an ammonia gas preparation experimental device, a fountain experimental device, a color development experimental device and an air blowing fire experimental device.

The ammonia preparation experimental device is composed of a large test tube 1 with branch pipes and a separating funnel 2 . Described fountain experiment device is made up of inverted three-necked flask 3, two beakers 5 and a small plastic test tube 6, and three mouths of three-necked flask 3 are respectively connected with the large test tube 1 with branch pipe, beaker 5, and plastic small test tube through conduits. 6 connected; the connection port between the three-neck flask 3 and the large test tube 1 with a branch tube is provided with a pointed glass emptying port 4; the conduits are respectively provided with spring clips 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. Described color development experiment device is made up of disc reactor 7, four small test tubes 8, small iron ball 9 and small iron ball control device, and wherein four small test tubes 8 are positioned at disc reactor 7 peripheral below, and small iron ball 9 Be positioned at the top of the disc reactor 7; The small iron ball control device comprises the iron stand platform 10 positioned at the top of the disc reactor 7, the glass track 13 arranged on the iron stand platform 10, the small stone ball 14 placed on the glass track 13 and the The corresponding piston 12 of the small iron ball 9; the small iron ball 9 is connected with the plastic small test tube 6 through the pulley mechanism 11. Described air blowing fire starting experiment device comprises wooden stick 15 and support 16 that are arranged on glass track 13 tops, wherein one end of wooden stick is movably connected on support 16, and the other end is connected on support 16 by cotton thread 17; Cotton thread 17 is provided with Absorbent cotton 18.

The specific experimental steps are as follows:

1. Check the air tightness of the device

Close the spring clips 19, 20, 23, open the spring clips 21, 22, and cover the round bottom flask with your hands. Bubbles are produced at the mouth of the conduit extending into the beaker. Release your hand, and a small section of water column is formed in the conduit. After a while, the liquid level If it does not drop, it means that the device is not leaking.

2. Preparation of drugs and chemical reagents

NaOH powder is housed in the large test tube 1 with a branch pipe, and concentrated ammonia water is housed in the separating funnel 2; Dilute NaOH solution and colorless phenolphthalein are respectively added into the two beakers 5; _FeCl3 solution, litmus Indicator, CuSO ₄ solution and phenolphthalein; Concentrated NaOH solution is housed in the disk reactor 7; Dilute hydrochloric acid HCl is housed in the plastic small test tube 6; Concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate powder are smeared on the glass track; soaked in ethanol; _Na2O2 powder is stained on _the absorbent cotton 18.

3. Observation of experimental phenomena

3.1 Preparation, collection and inspection of ammonia gas

Open the spring clips 19 and 20, close the other spring clips, open the piston of the separating funnel, and make the concentrated ammonia water drop into the NaOH powder in the large test tube below to produce white bubbles rapidly, and the NaOH powder dissolves. Use a glass rod dipped in concentrated HCl to detect the emptying port 4 of the pointed glass, and observe the experimental phenomenon. A large amount of white smoke is generated at the emptying port, and the three-necked flask is filled with NH ₃ , and the spring clamp 19 is closed.

Principle: In this experiment, concentrated ammonia water is dripped into NaOH to generate a large amount of heat to promote the decomposition reaction of concentrated ammonia water. The reaction equation is:

NH ₃ ·H ₂ O +NaOH==NH ₃ ↑+NaCl + 2H ₂ O

NH ₃ +H ₂ O=NH ₃ H ₂ O (reversible)

The nature of ammonia gas: ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas are colorless gas with pungent odor, volatile, the two react to form NH ₄ Cl, NH ₄ Cl is a white solid particle, so white smoke is produced, the reaction The equation is:

NH ₃ +HCl=NH ₄ Cl

3.2 Blow up fire experiment

Use a slender glass tube dipped in water to slowly blow air on the absorbent cotton coated with Na ₂ O ₂ powder, the absorbent cotton will turn black, and sparks will appear, persist for fifteen seconds, and the absorbent cotton will burn.

Principle: Human respiration produces a large amount of CO ₂ , and Na ₂ O ₂ powder reacts with CO ₂ to release a large amount of heat, which can make the absorbent cotton burn, so blow slowly on the absorbent cotton coated with Na ₂ O ₂ powder, and the absorbent cotton burns, the reaction equation for:

C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ +6H ₂ O+6O ₂ →6CO ₂ +12H ₂ O+a lot of energy (38ATP)

2Na ₂ O ₂ + 2CO ₂ == 2Na ₂ CO ₃ + O ₂ ↑

3.3 Running "firecracker" experiment

The cotton thread was burnt, the wooden stick fell rapidly, collided with the ball, and the ball soaked in ethanol slid down the glass track, and reacted violently with the concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate powder smeared on the track, sending out "firecrackers" the crackling sound.

Principle: Concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with potassium permanganate to generate highly oxidizing manganese heptoxide (also known as permanganic anhydride). The melting point of Mn ₂ O ₇ (dark green oily substance) is 5.9°C. When it encounters organic matter, it will explode and generate MnO ₂ black flocculent substances. A tiny amount of ethanol reacts with it to produce a tiny explosion with a crackling sound. The reaction equation is:

H ₂ SO ₄ (concentrated) + 2KMnO ₄ =K ₂ SO ₄ +Mn ₂ O ₇ +H ₂ O

3.4 Color experiment

The small iron ball falls into the concentrated NaOH, causing the concentrated NaOH to overflow, and drop them into four test tubes containing phenolphthalein, FeCl ₃ , CuSO ₄ solution, and red litmus indicator respectively, and red, reddish-brown precipitates, and blue particles appear respectively. Layer precipitation and blue color reaction.

Principle: NaOH is alkaline, can turn phenolphthalein red, react with red litmus indicator, the ionization balance of litmus hydrolysis will move to the right, red litmus indicator will turn blue, and form reddish-brown precipitate with Fe ³⁺ , With Cu ²⁺ to generate a blue precipitate, the reaction equation is as follows:

3NaOH + FeCl ₃ ==3NaCl + Fe(OH) ₃ ↓

2NaOH + CuSO ₄ == Na ₂ SO ₄ + Cu(OH) ₂ ↓

3.5 Fountain experiment

The small iron ball falls, pulls the small plastic test tube containing a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid HCl through the pulley mechanism, the plastic small test tube rises rapidly , and the potential energy of the dilute HCl in it is converted into kinetic energy, and sprayed into the three-necked flask; then quickly close the spring clamps 20, 23 , open the spring clips 21, 22 to produce a fountain phenomenon.

Principle: The basic principle of the fountain experiment is to generate a large air pressure difference inside and outside the bottle in a short period of time, and use the atmospheric pressure to press the liquid in the beaker below the bottle into the bottle to form a fountain at the mouth of the nozzle. When the dilute HCl solution in the plastic small test tube enters the flask, the dilute HCl reacts with ammonia gas quickly to generate NH ₄ Cl, and a sufficient pressure difference (negative pressure) is generated in the bottle in a short time, and the external atmospheric pressure will dissipate the sodium hydroxide solution Press it into the bottle to form a "fountain" at the mouth of the nozzle, and the reaction equation is:

NH ₃ +HCl=NH ₄ Cl

Claims (6)

1. The multi-phenomena controllable experimental device is characterized in that: it includes an ammonia gas preparation experimental device, a fountain experimental device, and a color development experimental device; the ammonia gas preparation experimental device consists of a large test tube (1) with a branch pipe and a separating funnel (2 ) composition; the fountain experiment device is composed of an inverted three-necked flask (3), a beaker (5) and a small plastic test tube (6), and the three ports of the three-necked flask (3) are respectively connected to the large The test tube (1), the beaker (5), and the small plastic test tube (6) are connected; the color development experiment device is composed of a disc reactor (7), a small test tube (8), a small iron ball (9) and a small iron ball control device, wherein the small test tube (8) is located below the outer circumference of the disc reactor (7), and the small iron ball (9) is located above the disc reactor (7); the small iron ball control device includes a The iron stand (10) above the device (7), the light glass track (13) placed on the iron stand (10), the small stone ball (14) placed on the light glass track (13) and the small iron ball (9) The corresponding piston (12); the small iron ball (9) is connected with the plastic small test tube (6) through a pulley mechanism (11). 2. The multi-phenomena controllable experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes an experimental device for blowing fire, which includes a wooden stick (15) and a bracket (16) arranged above the glass track (13) ), one end of the stick is movably connected to the bracket (16), and the other end is connected to the bracket (16) through a cotton thread (17); the cotton thread (17) is provided with absorbent cotton (18). 3. The multi-phenomena controllable experimental device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the connection port between the three-neck flask (3) and the large test tube (1) with a branch tube is provided with a pointed glass emptying port ( 4). 4. The multi-phenomena controllable experimental device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that spring clips are respectively arranged on the conduits. 5. The multi-phenomena controllable experimental device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there are four small test tubes (8) in the color development experimental device. 6. The multi-phenomena controllable experimental device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fountain experimental device has two beakers (5).

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