CN105652267B - A kind of passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method based on aspect - Google Patents
A kind of passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method based on aspect Download PDFInfo
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- CN105652267B CN105652267B CN201610048275.1A CN201610048275A CN105652267B CN 105652267 B CN105652267 B CN 105652267B CN 201610048275 A CN201610048275 A CN 201610048275A CN 105652267 B CN105652267 B CN 105652267B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
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Abstract
A kind of passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method based on aspect of the present invention, including following steps：1st, the bistatic radar system model being made of GNSS transmitting satellites S, airflight target T and receiver R is established；2nd, GNSS reflected signal link calculation models are established, obtain bistatic radar distance product square (RrRt)2Amendment type；3rd, establish based on aspect θrBistatic radar space geometry position relationship model, obtained using two dimensional analysis method by RrThe R of expressiontExpression formula；4th, by RtExpression formula substitutes into bistatic radar distance product square (RrRt)2Amendment type, obtain by RrThe bistatic radar equation of expression；5th, involved parameter is brought by RrIn the bistatic radar equation of expression, receiver maximum detectable range (R is calculatedr)max。
Description
【Technical field】
The invention belongs to satellite navigation and application fields, and in particular to a kind of passive radar based on aspect is maximum to be visited
Survey distance calculation method.
【Background technology】
Passive radar refers to radar not electromagnetic signals in itself, only utilizes the electromagnetic signal (external radiation) of target emanation
Carry out the radar of target acquisition and tracking.The electromagnetic signal of target emanation may be the signal of target its own transmission, it is also possible to
Third party's electromagnetic signal after target reflects.Passive radar detects target using external sort algorithm, without transmitter, only needs to receive
Machine just may make up target detection system.From radar system, the system transmitter and receiver are strange land configurations, belong to double
(more) base radar.Compared with conventional radar technology, passive radar has anti-stealthy, anti-ground-hugging attack, anti-scouting, anti-interference etc.
Advantage becomes a key areas of radar research.
The signal category of Global Navigation Satellite System (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) transmitting
In third party's electromagnetic signal, there is high-precision, round-the-clock, round-the-clock advantage, to military service, civilian department and scientific research department
Door has important application.However, detecting airflight target using GNSS reflected signals, it is still within visiting in the world
The rope stage.
Airflight target is detected using GNSS reflected signals, it is necessary to which receiver is to GNSS direct signals and reflection
Signal is received and handled.Receiver sensitivity refers to minimum letter that is that receiver can receive and remaining to normal work
Number intensity.When the reflected signal strength for reaching receiver is just met for its sensitivity, the detection range to airbound target is
The attainable maximum detectable range of receiver institute.Maximum detectable range is to weigh Passive Radar System to visit airflight target
One of important indicator of survey ability, the acquisition of calculation method have very important realistic meaning.
【The content of the invention】
It is an object of the invention to：The present invention proposes that a kind of passive radar maximum detectable range based on aspect resolves
Method by setting receiver sensitivity, calculates the attainable maximum detectable range of receiver institute, so as to be passive radar
System provides an important evidence to the assessment of the detectivity of airflight target.
The technical scheme is that：
The present invention is a kind of passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method based on aspect, and specific steps are such as
Under：
Step 1 establishes the bistatic radar system being made of GNSS satellite S, airflight target T and ground receiver R
Model.By the satellite-signal that GNSS satellite S emits, there are two types of form arrival ground receivers：One kind is direct arrival ground receiver
Machine R is known as direct signal；One kind is to reach ground receiver R again after being reflected via airflight target T, is known as reflected signal.
Wherein, the transmission power of S is Pt, the transmitter antenna gain (dBi) G of St, the propagation distance of S to R is L, and the propagation distance of S to T is Rt, T
Radar cross section for σ (β), the propagation distance of T to R is Rr, R reception antennas equivalent area is Ar, R receiving antenna gains are Gr；
Step 2 establishes GNSS reflected signal link calculation models.By carrying out reflected signal link calculation, obtain biradical
Ground radar distance product square (RrRt)2Amendment type；
Step 3 is established based on aspect θrBistatic radar space geometry position relationship model.Aspect θrFor
Receive the aspect in base.GNSS signal can be received and dispatched two bases and one bistatic detection of airflight target configuration at this time
System planes are obtained using two dimensional analysis method by RrThe R of expressiontExpression formula；
Step 4, by step 3 by RrThe R of expressiontExpression formula be updated to the bistatic radar that is obtained in step 2 away from
From product square (RrRt)2Amendment type, so as to obtain by RrThe bistatic radar equation of expression；
Step 5, by satellite launch power, transmitter antenna gain (dBi), receiving antenna gain, GNSS signal wavelength, target radar
Sectional area, receiver sensitivity, launch loss receive loss, transmitting antenna directional diagram propagation factor and reception antenna propagate because
Son be updated to that step 4 obtains by RrIn the bistatic radar equation of expression, so as to calculate receiver maximum detectable range
(Rr)max。
Wherein, " the establishing GNSS reflected signal link calculations model " described in step 2 comprises the following steps：
Step 2.1, satellite-signal is sent from GNSS satellite, is directly received machine received signal and is known as direct signal, warp
Machine received signal is received again after target reflection is known as reflected signal.If GNSS reflected signals send after by RtPropagation away from
From airflight target is reached, power flow density S at airflight target is obtainedtExpression formula；
Step 2.2, by the radar cross section σ (β) of airflight target, it can obtain the table of reflection signal power P at target
Up to formula；
Step 2.3, after GNSS reflected signals reach target, then through RrPropagation distance reach ground receiver R, obtain mesh
It marks echo-signal and reaches the power flow density S received at base antennarExpression formula；
Step 2.4, by receiving base radar antenna equivalent area Ar, obtain receiving the target echo power that base receives
PrExpression formula to get having arrived free space bistatic radar equation expression formula；
Pr=SrAr (4)
And due to
Wherein, λ be GNSS signal wavelength, GrFor receiving antenna gain, then formula (4) can turn to：
Combinatorial formula (2), formula (3) and formula (6) are available from by space bistatic radar equation expression：
Step 2.5, the free space bistatic radar equation expression formula transition form that will be obtained in step 2.4 obtains double
Base distance by radar product square (RrRt)2Expression formula；
Step 2.6, it is contemplated that passive radar launch loss LT, receive loss LR, transmitting antenna directional diagram propagation factor FT
And the directional diagram propagation factor F of reception antennaR, can obtain bistatic radar distance product square (RrRt)2Amendment type：
GNSS signal receives and dispatches two bases and airflight target configuration bistatic detection System planes, in S-R-T compositions
In triangle, it can be obtained using the cosine law：
Rt 2=Rr 2+L2-2RrLcos(π-θr) (10)
Further arranging can obtain：
Rt 2=Rr 2+L2+2RrLcosθr (11)
Formula (11) is substituted into formula (9) to obtain：
Receiver on the right side of formula (12) equation receives power PrWhen reaching minimum value, this reception is corresponded on the left of equation
The maximum detectable range R of machiner, i.e., when reaching receiver sensitivity when GNSS reflected signals reach ground receiver, receive at this time
The distance of machine and airflight target is the detection range of receiver maximum therefore.
I.e. formula (12) can be written as：
For given GNSS signal source, transmission power Pt, transmitter antenna gain (dBi) GtIt is known with signal wavelength lambda；It is right
In given airflight target, radar cross section is that σ (β) is known；For given ground receiver, reception antenna
Gain GrTo be known；After the direct signal of GNSS reaches ground receiver, believed according to direct projection channel signal time delay in receiver
Breath, the distance L of signal source to receiver can be asked, i.e. L is known；Passive radar launch loss LT, receive loss LR, transmitting antenna
Directional diagram propagation factor FTAnd the directional diagram propagation factor F of reception antennaRIt is known parameters；It is connect for given ground
Receipts machine, the sensitivity of receiver is knowable, i.e. (Pr)minIt is known.
As given aspect θr, the maximum detectable range corresponding to this receiver can be acquired by formula (13)
(Rr)max, which is that a kind of heretofore described passive radar based on aspect is maximum
Detection range calculation method.
The advantage of the invention is that：
(1) present invention carries out detailed analysis by establishing reflected signal link calculation model to GNSS reflected signals link,
Finally obtain bistatic radar distance product square (RrRt)2Amendment type, i.e., in the link propagation of reflected signal, obtained Pr、
RtAnd RrRelational expression between three.
(2) present invention is by establishing the bistatic radar space geometry position relationship model based on aspect, by S, T and
Space geometry position relationship between R three is converted into a biradical ground level, by introducing aspect θr, obtain RtAnd Rr
Therebetween relational expression to get to one kind by Rr、θrRepresent RtMethod.
(3) present invention is by by Rr、θrRepresent Rt, it is final to obtain and Pr、θrAnd RrRelated radar equation expression formula.Work as table
The target echo power P that base receives is received up in formularWhen being arranged to receiver sensitivity, the airflight mesh that is calculated
Mark the distance R of T to receiver RrThat is the attainable maximum detectable range of receiver institute therefore, solution process is simple and clear, is easy to
It realizes.
(4) present invention proposes a kind of passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method based on aspect, passes through reception
Clever sensitivity calculates the maximum detectable range corresponding to the receiver.For receiver in actual airflight target acquisition
The selection of model has very strong practicability.
(5) maximum detectable range calculation method proposed by the present invention is based on detection of the passive radar to airflight target,
Its concealment is stronger, and practicability is preferable.
【Description of the drawings】
Fig. 1 is bistatic radar reflector satellite reflected signal propagation path schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is bistatic radar geometrical relationship schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method flow chart based on GNSS-R aspects.
Fig. 4 is reflected signal link calculation model flow figure.
Figure label is described as follows：
S represents GNSS transmitting satellites；PtRepresent the transmission power of S；GtRepresent the transmitter antenna gain (dBi) of S；
T represents airflight target；RtRepresent the propagation distance of S to T；R represents ground receiver；
RrRepresent the propagation distance of T to R；ArRepresent the reception antenna equivalent area of R；O represents the earth's core；
GrRepresent the receiving antenna gain of R；L represents the propagation distance of S to R, also referred to as baseline；
θrFor base-line extension to RrAnticlockwise angle receives the aspect in base.
【Specific embodiment】
The embodiment of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 show bistatic radar reflector satellite reflected signal propagation path schematic diagram.By GNSS satellite S, aerial
In the bistatic radar system model of airbound target T and ground receiver R compositions, had by the GNSS satellite S satellite-signals emitted
Two kinds of forms reach ground receiver：It is a kind of directly to reach ground receiver R, it is known as direct signal；One kind is via aerial target T
Ground receiver R is reached after reflection again, is known as reflected signal.Wherein, the transmission power of S is Pt, transmitter antenna gain (dBi) Gt, S arrives
The propagation distance of R is L, and the propagation distance of S to T is Rt, the target RCS product of T is σ (β), and the propagation distance of T to R is Rr, R
Reception antenna equivalent area is Ar, R receiving antenna gains are Gr；
Fig. 2 show bistatic radar geometrical relationship schematic diagram.GNSS transmitting satellites S, airbound target T and receiver R structures
Into a bistatic plane triangle, baseline L extended lines and RrAnticlockwise angle is θr。
Fig. 3 show the passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method flow chart based on GNSS-R aspects, including
Following steps：
Step 1 establishes the bistatic radar system being made of GNSS transmitting satellites S, airflight target T and receiver R
Model；
Step 2 establishes GNSS reflected signal link calculation models.By carrying out reflected signal link calculation, obtain biradical
Ground radar distance product square (RrRt)2Amendment type；
Step 3 is established based on aspect θrBistatic radar space geometry position relationship model.Aspect θrFor
Receive the aspect in base.GNSS signal can be received and dispatched two bases and one bistatic detection of airflight target configuration at this time
System planes are obtained using two dimensional analysis method by RrThe R of expressiontExpression formula；
Step 4, by step 3 by RrThe R of expressiontExpression formula be updated to the bistatic radar that is obtained in step 2 away from
From product square (RrRt)2Amendment type, so as to obtain by RrThe bistatic radar equation of expression；
Step 5, by satellite launch power, transmitter antenna gain (dBi), receiving antenna gain, GNSS signal wavelength, target radar
Sectional area, receiver sensitivity, launch loss receive loss, transmitting antenna directional diagram propagation factor and reception antenna propagate because
Son be updated to that step 4 obtains by RrIn the bistatic radar equation of expression, so as to calculate receiver maximum detectable range
(Rr)max。
Wherein, " the establishing GNSS reflected signal link calculations model " described in step 2 comprises the following steps：
With reference to Fig. 4, the idiographic flow of the link calculation models of GNSS reflected signals described in step 2 comprises the following steps：
Step 1, satellite-signal are sent from GNSS satellite, are directly received machine received signal and are known as direct signal, through mesh
Machine received signal is received again after mark reflection is known as reflected signal.If GNSS reflected signals send after by RtPropagation distance
Airflight target is reached, obtains power flow density S at airflight targettExpression formula；
Step 2 by target radar reflection cross section, can obtain the expression of reflection signal power P at airflight target
Formula：
Step 3, after GNSS reflected signals reach target, then through RrPropagation distance reach ground receiver R, obtain mesh
It marks echo-signal and reaches the power flow density S received at base antennarExpression formula；
Step 4, by receiving base radar antenna equivalent area Ar, obtain receiving the target echo power P that base receivesr
Expression formula；
Pr=SrAr (4)
And due to
Wherein, λ be GNSS signal wavelength, GrFor receiving antenna gain, then formula (4) can turn to：
Combinatorial formula (2), formula (3) and formula (6) are available from by space bistatic radar equation expression：
Step 5, the free space bistatic radar equation expression formula transition form that will be obtained in step 4, obtains biradical
Ground radar distance product square (RrRt)2Expression formula：
Step 6, since actual radar system always has various losses, it is contemplated that passive radar launch loss LT, receive damage
Consume LR, transmitting antenna directional diagram propagation factor FTAnd the directional diagram propagation factor F of reception antennaR, then can obtain biradical land mine
Up to distance product square (RrRt)2Amendment type：
GNSS signal receives and dispatches two bases and airflight target configuration bistatic detection System planes, in S-R-T compositions
In triangle, it can be obtained using the cosine law：
Rt 2=Rr 2+L2-2RrLcos(π-θr) (10)
Further arranging can obtain：
Rt 2=Rr 2+L2+2RrLcosθr (11)
Formula (11) is substituted into formula (9) to obtain：
From mathematical knowledge, the receiver on the right side of formula (12) equation receives power PrWhen reaching minimum value, equation
Left side corresponds to the maximum detectable range R of this receiverr, i.e., it is clever to reach reception when GNSS reflected signals reach ground receiver
During sensitivity, the distance of receiver and airflight target is the detection range of receiver maximum therefore at this time.
I.e. formula (12) can be written as：
For given GNSS signal source, transmission power Pt, transmitter antenna gain (dBi) GtIt is known with signal wavelength lambda；It is right
In given airflight target, radar cross section is that σ (β) is known；For given ground receiver, reception antenna
Gain GrTo be known；After the direct signal of GNSS reaches ground receiver, believed according to direct projection channel signal time delay in receiver
Breath, the distance L of signal source to receiver can be asked, i.e. L is known；Passive radar launch loss LT, receive loss LR, transmitting antenna
Directional diagram propagation factor FTAnd the directional diagram propagation factor F of reception antennaRIt is known parameters；It is connect for given ground
Receipts machine, the sensitivity of receiver is knowable, i.e. (Pr)minIt is known.
As given aspect θr, the maximum detectable range corresponding to this receiver can be acquired by formula (13)
(Rr)max, which is that a kind of heretofore described passive radar based on aspect is maximum
Detection range calculation method.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method based on aspect, it is characterised in that：It is as follows：
Step 1 using GNSS satellite S as radar signal station, using ground receiver R as signal receiving terminal, is established biradical
Ground radar system realizes the detection to aerial target T；By the satellite-signal that GNSS satellite S emits, there are two types of form arrival ground
Receiver：One kind is direct arrival ground receiver R, is known as direct signal；One kind be via airflight target T reflect after again
Ground receiver R is reached, is known as reflected signal；Wherein, the transmission power of S is Pt, the transmitter antenna gain (dBi) G of St, the propagation of S to R
Distance is L, and the propagation distance of S to T is Rt, the radar cross section of T is σ (β), and the propagation distance of T to R is Rr, R reception antennas etc.
Effect area is Ar, R receiving antenna gains are Gr；
Step 2 establishes GNSS reflected signal link calculation models；By carrying out reflected signal link calculation, biradical land mine is obtained
Up to distance product square (RrRt)2Amendment type；
Step 3 is established based on aspect θrBistatic radar space geometry position relationship model；Aspect θrTo receive
The aspect in base；GNSS signal transmitting-receiving one bistatic detection system in two bases and airflight target configuration is put down at this time
Face is obtained using two dimensional analysis method by RrThe R of expressiontExpression formula；
Step 4, by step 3 by RrThe R of expressiontExpression formula is updated to the bistatic radar distance product obtained in step 2
Square (RrRt)2Amendment type, so as to obtain by RrThe bistatic radar equation of expression；
Step 5, by satellite launch power, transmitter antenna gain (dBi), receiving antenna gain, GNSS signal wavelength, target RCS
Product, receiver sensitivity, launch loss receive loss, transmitting antenna directional diagram propagation factor and reception antenna propagation factor generation
Enter to step 4 obtain by RrIn the bistatic radar equation of expression, so as to calculate receiver maximum detectable range (Rr)max。
2. a kind of passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method based on aspect according to claim 1, special
Sign is：
Wherein, the GNSS reflected signal link calculation models of establishing described in step 2 comprise the following steps：
Step 2.1, satellite-signal is sent from GNSS satellite, is directly received machine received signal and is known as direct signal, through target
Machine received signal is received after reflection again and is known as reflected signal；If GNSS reflected signals send after by RtPropagation distance arrive
Up to airflight target, power flow density S at airflight target is obtainedtExpression formula；
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Step 2.2, by the radar cross section σ (β) of airflight target, the expression formula of reflection signal power P at target is obtained；
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Step 2.3, after GNSS reflected signals reach target, then through RrPropagation distance reach ground receiver R, obtain target return
Ripple signal reaches the power flow density S received at base antennarExpression formula；
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Expression formula is to get having arrived free space bistatic radar equation expression formula；
Pr=SrAr (4)
And due to
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Wherein, λ be GNSS signal wavelength, GrFor receiving antenna gain, then formula (4) turns to：
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Combinatorial formula (2), formula (3) and formula (6) obtain free space bistatic radar equation expression：
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Step 2.5, the free space bistatic radar equation expression formula transition form that will be obtained in step 2.4, obtains bistatic
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Step 2.6, it is contemplated that passive radar launch loss LT, receive loss LR, transmitting antenna directional diagram propagation factor FTAnd
The directional diagram propagation factor F of reception antennaR, obtain bistatic radar distance product square (RrRt)2Amendment type：
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<mi>&sigma;</mi>
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<mn>2</mn>
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<mo>-</mo>
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GNSS signal receives and dispatches two bases and airflight target configuration bistatic detection System planes, in the triangle of S-R-T compositions
In shape, obtained using the cosine law：
Rt 2=Rr 2+L2-2RrLcos(π-θr) (10)
It further arranges and obtains：
Rt 2=Rr 2+L2+2RrLcosθr (11)
Formula (11) is substituted into formula (9) to obtain：
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Receiver on the right side of formula (12) equation receives power PrWhen reaching minimum value, this receiver is corresponded on the left of equation
Maximum detectable range Rr, i.e., when GNSS reflected signals reach ground receiver when reaching receiver sensitivity, at this time receiver with
The distance of airflight target is the detection range of receiver maximum therefore；
I.e. formula (12) is written as：
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3. a kind of passive radar maximum detectable range calculation method based on aspect according to claim 2, special
Sign is：For given GNSS signal source, transmission power Pt, transmitter antenna gain (dBi) GtIt is known with signal wavelength lambda；It is right
In given airflight target, radar cross section is that σ (β) is known；For given ground receiver, reception antenna
Gain GrTo be known；After the direct signal of GNSS reaches ground receiver, believed according to direct projection channel signal time delay in receiver
Breath, the distance L of signal source to receiver can be asked, i.e. L is known；Passive radar launch loss LT, receive loss LR, transmitting antenna
Directional diagram propagation factor FTAnd the directional diagram propagation factor F of reception antennaRIt is known parameters；It is connect for given ground
Receipts machine, the sensitivity of receiver is knowable, i.e. (Pr)minIt is known.
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