CN105651656A - Particle shape analyzing device based on laser holography imaging method and working mechanism of particle shape analyzing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of particle analysis and discloses a particle shape analyzing device based on a laser holography imaging method and a working mechanism of the particle shape analyzing device. The device comprises a laser, a microscope lens, a diaphragm, a transparent observation piece and an image sensor, wherein a fluid inlet and outlet hole channel is formed in the transparent observation piece. The laser holography imaging method is adopted to directly perform interference on particles in a to-be-measured fluid, holographic imaging information is produced and then is subjected to data inversion processing, space imaging information reflecting the particle shape can be obtained, so that a filter membrane is not needed, sample contamination can be avoided, measurement errors and consumable costs can be reduced, and the operating process of the device is simplified. Besides, the device has the advantages of high real-time performance, high particle resolution and wide detection object range, and actual application and popularization are facilitated.

Description

Based on device and the working mechanism thereof of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape

Technical field

The present invention relates to grain size analysis technical field, specifically, it relates to a kind of device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape and working mechanism thereof.

Background technology

At present, in order to the problem of environmental pollution tackling, solving industrial production and human settlements mode of life causes, especially endanger serious haze problem, it is necessary to the particulate matter characteristic in air carried out continuously, accurately and widely monitor, such as, carry out the measurement work of PM2.5 and PM10. The existing measuring method for particulate in air matter characteristic, mainly contains weighting method, concussion balance method and Beta rays method etc. Wherein, the principle of described weighting method is sampling thief by certain Cutting feature respectively, quantitative volumes of air is extracted with constant speed, PM2.5 and PM10 in ambient air is made to be trapped within the filter membrane of known quality, according to the quality of filter membrane before and after sampling, poor and sampling volume, calculates the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10; The principle of described concussion balance method uses a vibration conical hollow pipe in mass sensor, and at its vibration end, replaceable filter membrane (oscillation frequency depends on its quality of tapered tube characteristic sum) is installed, when sampling air-flow passes through filter membrane, particulate matter wherein is deposited on filter membrane, the quality change of filter membrane causes the change of oscillation frequency, gone out the quality being deposited on filter membrane particulate matter by oscillation frequency change calculations, then calculate the mass concentration of this period particulate matter mark according to flow, on-the-spot envrionment temperature and air pressure; The principle of described Beta rays method is the principle utilizing Beta ray attenuation, ambient air sucks sampling tube by sampling pump, discharge after filter membrane, particulate matter is deposited on filter membrane, when �� ray is by the filter membrane that deposits particulate matter, the energy decrement of Beta ray, by just calculating the concentration of particulate matter to the mensuration of decrement.

But this several mode all needs to adopt filter membrane in advance the particle in air to be carried out filtering screening, what therefore carry out is damage detection, sample is easily made to be polluted, the impact being such as subject to atmospheric moisture, thus have that measuring error is big, consumptive material costly, appliance requires often calibrates and the problem of complicated operation.

Summary of the invention

Measuring error is there is big for above-mentioned current existing several method, consumptive material is costly, appliance requires often calibrates the problem with complicated operation, the present invention provides a kind of device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape and working mechanism thereof, the holographic imaging information that laser hologram imaging method is directly treated the particle in fluid measured and carried out producing through interference effect can be utilized, then holographic imaging information is carried out data inversion procedure, can obtain reflecting the aerial image information of particle shape, thus without the need to using filter membrane, sample can be avoided to be polluted, and then measuring error and consumptive material expense can be reduced, the operating process of simplified apparatus. in addition, described device also has real-time, particle resolution ratio height and the wide advantage of detected object, is convenient to practical application and popularization.

The technical solution used in the present invention, provide a kind of device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape on the one hand, comprise laser apparatus, microlens, diaphragm, transparent observation part and image sensor, wherein, described transparent observation part has fluid manhole; Described laser apparatus, described microlens, described diaphragm, described transparent observation part and described image sensor be coaxial inner conductor setting successively, and the optical focus of described microlens is arranged in the axle center hole of described diaphragm, the end face of described diaphragm and the first end face of described transparent observation part offset, and the described transparent biend of observation part and the sensitive surface of described image sensor offset.

Concrete, described laser apparatus is the pulsed laser of optical maser wavelength between 355��635 nanometers; Or, described laser apparatus is the modulated continuous wave laser of optical maser wavelength between 355��635 nanometers.

Concrete, it is embedded with antireflecting coating between the end face of described diaphragm and the first end face of described transparent observation part; And/or, it is embedded with antireflecting coating between the biend of described transparent observation part and the sensitive surface of described image sensor. Concrete further, described antireflecting coating is optical cement layer or immersion oil layer.

Concrete, described diaphragm is set to L to the distance of described fluid manhole₁, described fluid manhole is set to L to the distance of described image sensor₂, then described two segment distance L₁And L₂Meet following relation:

$L_1\≥\frac{0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0{L}_2}{(2\mathrm{\η}d\sin \left(a\tan \left(\frac{D}{{2L}_2}\right)\right)-0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0)}$

In formula, ��₀For optical maser wavelength, �� is the specific refractory power of described transparent observation part, and d is the Pixel Dimensions size of described image sensor, and the effective feeling that D is described image sensor answers district's size size.

Concrete, the transparent material that described transparent observation part is greater than 1.5 by specific refractory power is made.

Concrete, the axle center hole diameter of described diaphragm is 1.22 ��₀, in formula, ��₀For optical maser wavelength.

Concrete, described image sensor is ccd sensor or cmos sensor.

The technical solution used in the present invention, provides the working mechanism of the aforementioned device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape on the other hand, comprises the steps: that S101. imports to the fluid manhole in transparent observation part and treats fluid measured; S102. laser apparatus is started, transponder pulse formula laser; S103. making described laser through microlens, and focus in the axle center hole of diaphragm, then diffraction forms point source spherical wave; S104. described point source spherical wave is through transparent observation part, and through during described fluid manhole with the described Interaction between particles formation particle diffracted wave treated in fluid measured; S105. described point source spherical wave and described particle diffracted wave are interfered mutually, and project in the sensitive surface of image sensor, generate holographic imaging information; S106. described computer receives the described holographic imaging information from described image sensor, obtains reflecting the aerial image information of particle shape through data inversion procedure.

Concrete, described in treat that fluid measured is liquid or gas.

To sum up, adopt the device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape provided by the present invention and working mechanism thereof, there is following useful effect: the holographic imaging information that (1) can utilize laser hologram imaging method directly to treat the particle in fluid measured and carry out producing through interference effect, then holographic imaging information is carried out data inversion procedure, can obtain reflecting the aerial image information of particle shape, thus without the need to using filter membrane, sample can be avoided to be polluted, and then measuring error and consumptive material expense can be reduced, the operating process of simplified apparatus; (2) it is convenient to utilize computer system that induction image forming information carries out online data inversion procedure, conveniently immediately obtains measuring result, real-time; (3) 0.2 micron of even higher resolving power can be reached, it is possible to solve the existing problem being subject to optical limit restriction based on microscopy and its resolving power, measure significant for airborne particulate material; (4) particle in gas not only can be carried out image checking by described device, it is also possible to the particle in liquid is carried out image checking, and object to be measured is wider, is convenient to practical application and popularization.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, it is briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape provided by the invention.

Fig. 2 is the workflow schematic diagram of this device provided by the invention.

In above-mentioned accompanying drawing: 1, laser apparatus 2, microlens 3, diaphragm 4, transparent observation part 401, fluid manhole 5, image sensor 6, computer 7, antireflecting coating.

Embodiment

Hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, the device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape provided by the invention and working mechanism thereof are described in detail by way of example. It should be noted that at this, the explanation for these way of example understands the present invention for helping, but does not form limitation of the invention.

Various technology described herein may be used for but is not limited to grain size analysis technical field, it is also possible to for other similar field.

Term "and/or" herein, it it is only a kind of association relation describing affiliated partner, can there are three kinds of relations in expression, such as, A and/or B, it is possible to represent: Individual existence A, Individual existence B, there are A and B tri-kinds of situations simultaneously, term "/and " describes another kind of affiliated partner relation herein, and expression can exist two kinds of relations, such as, A/ and B, can represent: Individual existence A, Individual existence A and B two kinds of situations, in addition, character "/" herein, general expression forward-backward correlation is to liking a kind of "or" relation.

Embodiment one

Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of the device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape provided by the invention, and Fig. 2 shows the workflow schematic diagram of this device provided by the invention. The described device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape that the present embodiment provides, comprises laser apparatus 1, microlens 2, diaphragm 3, transparent observation part 4 and image sensor 5, wherein, has fluid manhole 401 in described transparent observation part 4;Described laser apparatus 1, described microlens 2, described diaphragm 3, described transparent observation part 4 and described image sensor 5 be coaxial inner conductor setting successively, and the optical focus of described microlens 2 is arranged in the axle center hole of described diaphragm 3, the end face of described diaphragm 3 and the first end face of described transparent observation part 4 offset, and the described transparent biend of observation part 4 and the sensitive surface of described image sensor 5 offset.

As shown in Figure 1, in the structure of described device, also comprise the computer 6 communicating to connect described image sensor 5. Described laser apparatus 1 is for the ground transponder pulse formula laser along axial line to described image sensor 5 Directional discontinuity, the frequency requirement of described pulse type laser is mated mutually with the picture-taken frequency of described image sensor 5, the pulse width of described pulse type laser requires the Minimum Exposure Time being greater than described image sensor 5, thus so that described image sensor 5 can produce preferably sensed image; Described microlens 2 for laser being carried out further optically focused effect, to form point source spherical wave at the axle center hole place diffraction of described diaphragm 3; Described transparent observation part 4 is for providing particle diffraction place, make point source spherical wave when through described fluid manhole, particle diffracted wave can be formed with the described Interaction between particles treated in fluid measured, simultaneously so that the particle diffracted wave produced and point source spherical wave are interfered mutually, and project in the sensitive surface of described image sensor 5, forming holographic sensed image, described fluid manhole 401 wherein treats side liquid for importing and derive; Described image sensor 5 is for carrying out light wave induction image forming, and obtains the holographic imaging information corresponding with holographic sensed image through opto-electronic conversion; Described holographic imaging information from described image sensor 5, for utilizing existing data inversion procedure technology, is carried out mathematics inversion procedure by described computer 6, obtains reflecting the aerial image information of particle shape, the three-dimensional image information etc. of such as particle. Thus can utilize the holographic imaging information that laser hologram imaging method is directly treated the particle in fluid measured and carried out producing through interference effect, then holographic imaging information is carried out data inversion procedure, can obtain reflecting the aerial image information of particle shape, when applying without the need to using filter membrane, sample can be avoided to be polluted, and then measuring error and consumptive material expense can be reduced, the operating process of simplified apparatus, in addition described device also has real-time and that detected object is wide advantage, is convenient to practical application and popularization.

Concrete, described laser apparatus 1 can be, but not limited to for optical maser wavelength between 355��635 nanometers (laser that laser that laser that laser that such as wavelength is 355 nanometers, wavelength are 375 nanometers, wavelength are 405 nanometers, wavelength are 473 nanometers, wavelength be 488 nanometers laser, wavelength be the laser of 532 nanometers and wavelength be the laser etc. of 635 nanometers) pulsed laser, or, described laser apparatus 1 can be, but not limited to as optical maser wavelength that (such as wavelength is the laser of 355 nanometers between 355��635 nanometers, wavelength is the laser of 375 nanometers, wavelength is the laser of 405 nanometers, wavelength is the laser of 473 nanometers, wavelength is the laser of 488 nanometers, wavelength is the laser of 532 nanometers and wavelength is the laser etc. of 635 nanometers) the continuous wave laser modulated, wherein, the described modulation system modulating continuous wave laser can be, but not limited to as acousto-optic modulation mode (namely transmitting end configure an acousto-optic modulation device) at continuous wave laser or Electro-optical Modulation mode (namely transmitting end configure an electrooptic modulator) at continuous wave laser.According to Rayleigh criterion in optics theory the radius of Airy disk (shortest distance can differentiated between two picture points about equal), it is seen that the greatest optical resolving power �� of described device_MaxFor:

${\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{Max}}=\frac{1.22{\mathrm{\λ}}_0}{2\mathrm{\η}\left(\mathrm{NA}\right)}=\frac{0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0}{\mathrm{\η}\left(\mathrm{NA}\right)}$

In formula, ��₀For optical maser wavelength, �� is the specific refractory power (referring to the absolute refractive index of relative vacuum, identical in full) of described transparent observation part 4, and NA is numerical aperture. Therefore the greatest optical resolving power �� of described device_MaxNumerical values recited directly and laser wavelength lambda₀It is directly proportional: namely optical maser wavelength is more short, ��_MaxNumerical value more little, the resolving power of reflection is more high. Thus by described laser apparatus 1 being carried out the restriction of described laser, it is possible to guarantee that described device has higher optical resolution.

Concrete, it is embedded with antireflecting coating 7 between the end face of described diaphragm 3 and the first end face of described transparent observation part 4; And/or, it is embedded with antireflecting coating 7 between the biend of described transparent observation part 4 and the sensitive surface of described image sensor 5. As shown in Figure 1, by arranging described antireflecting coating 7, it is possible to alleviate light wave and produce reflection in the corresponding end of described transparent observation part 4, from light-wave energy loss can be reduced, the inductive effects of light wave at described image sensor 5 is ensured. Concrete further, described antireflecting coating 7 can be but be not limited to optical cement layer or immersion oil layer. As what optimize, in the present embodiment, described antireflecting coating 7 adopts immersion oil layer, it is possible on the basis guaranteeing anti-reflection effect, is also convenient to replacing and the cleaning of described transparent observation part 4.

Concrete, described diaphragm 3 is set to L to the distance of described fluid manhole 401₁, described fluid manhole 401 is set to L to the distance of described image sensor 5₂, then described two segment distance L₁And L₂Meet following relation:

$L_1\≥\frac{0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0{L}_2}{(2\mathrm{\η}d\sin \left(a\tan \left(\frac{D}{{2L}_2}\right)\right)-0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0)}$

In formula, ��₀For optical maser wavelength, �� is the specific refractory power of described transparent observation part 4, and d is the Pixel Dimensions size of described image sensor 5, and the effective feeling that D is described image sensor 5 answers district's size size. As shown in Figure 1, in the structure of described device, the effective feeling of described image sensor 5 answers district to be positioned in the sensitive surface of described image inductor 5, it can be, but not limited to the border circular areas for the described transparent biend of observation part 4 and the sensitive surface of described image sensor 5 offset or square area, when this region is circular, corresponding effective feeling answers district size size D to be round diameter, and when this region is square, corresponding effective feeling answers district size size D for the square length of side. Carrying out data inversion procedure (such as when FFT processes for the ease of determining areas imaging) for the ease of follow-up, described effective feeling answers district to be preferably square, requires that described effective feeling answers the single-row or single row of pixels number in district to be 2 simultaneouslyⁿIndividual (n is natural number), such as, when described effective feeling answers district to be 512 �� 512 pixel size, corresponding effective feeling answers district size size D=512d; Or when described effective feeling answers district to be 1024 �� 1024 pixel size, corresponding effective feeling answers district size size D=1024d; Or when described effective feeling answers district to be 2048 �� 2048 pixel size, corresponding effective feeling answers district size size D=2048d.

As shown in Figure 1, in the structure of described transparent observation part 4, owing to being according to the theoretical numerical aperture NA ' obtaining its correspondence of optics simultaneously:

${\mathrm{NA}}^{\′}=\sin \left(\mathrm{\θ}\right)=\sin \left(a\tan \left(\frac{D}{{2L}_2}\right)\right)$

, then the greatest optical resolving power �� ' of described transparent observation part 4_MaxFor:

${{\mathrm{\σ}}^{\′}}_{\mathrm{Max}}=\frac{1.22{\mathrm{\λ}}_0}{2\mathrm{\η}\left({\mathrm{NA}}^{\′}\right)}=\frac{0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0}{\mathrm{\η}\left({\mathrm{NA}}^{\′}\right)}=\frac{0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0}{\mathrm{\η}\sin \left(a\tan \left(\frac{D}{{2L}_2}\right)\right)}$

, then further, the maximum pixel resolving power on described image bed sensor 5 can be obtainedFor:

${\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{Max}}^p=\frac{{{\mathrm{\σ}}^{\′}}_{\mathrm{Max}}}{2}=\frac{0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0}{2\mathrm{\η}\sin \left(a\tan \left(\frac{D}{{2L}_2}\right)\right)}$

, simultaneously in order to enable the minimum sensing unit on described image inductor 5 and described maximum pixel resolving powerMate mutually, it is necessary to meet following relation:

${\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{Max}}^p\≤\left(\frac{L_1}{L_1+L_2}\right)d$

, thus derived by limited formula, described two segment distance L can be obtained₁And L₂Following relation limit:

$L_1\≥\frac{0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0{L}_2}{(2\mathrm{\η}d\sin \left(a\tan \left(\frac{D}{{2L}_2}\right)\right)-0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0)}$

, limit according to described relation and described transparent observation part 4 arranged, it is possible to make described whole device obtain a rational optical system design, and obtain higher pixel resolution on described image bed sensor 5.

Taking an example, available maximum pixel resolving power on described image bed sensor 5 being described below: described laser apparatus 1 is the pulsed laser of 405 nanometer lasers as emission wavelength, described microlens 2 is 40 times for magnification and numerical aperture is the camera lens of 0.75; Described diaphragm 3 is to the distance L of described fluid manhole 401₁=0.6mm, described fluid manhole 401 is to the distance L of described image sensor 5₂=9.3mm, the duct width of described fluid manhole 401 is 0.1mm (ignoring when calculating maximum pixel resolving power), the specific refractory power of described transparent observation part 4 is 1.74 (resin material that it is 1.74 that described transparent observation part 4 can be, but not limited to by specific refractory power is made), the Pixel Dimensions d=3.45um of described image sensor 5, effective feeling in sensitive surface answers district size size D=2048d=7.0656mm, then meeting described two segment distance L₁And L₂Described relation limit basis on, available maximum picture number resolving power is(now), it is possible to reach the rank of 0.2 micron. If the laser transmitter adopting optical maser wavelength shorter, it is also possible to make maximum picture number resolving power furtherNumerical value lower.

Concrete, the transparent material that described transparent observation part 4 can be, but not limited to be greater than 1.5 by specific refractory power is made. Greatest optical resolving power �� according to aforesaid described device_Max:

${\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{Max}}=\frac{1.22{\mathrm{\λ}}_0}{2\mathrm{\η}\left(\mathrm{NA}\right)}=\frac{0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0}{\mathrm{\η}\left(\mathrm{NA}\right)}$

It will be seen that the greatest optical resolving power �� of described device_MaxNumerical values recited directly and specific refractory power �� be inversely proportional to: namely specific refractory power �� is more high, ��_MaxNumerical value more little, the resolving power of reflection is more high. Thus by described transparent observation part 4 being carried out the restriction of described material, it is possible to guarantee that described device has higher optical resolution.

Concrete, the axle center hole diameter of described diaphragm 3 can be, but not limited to be 1.22 ��₀, in formula, ��₀For optical maser wavelength. Although the axle center hole diameter of described diaphragm 3 can also be less than 1.22 ��₀, but laser light energy can be caused like this to lose, therefore in the present embodiment, the axle center hole diameter of described diaphragm 3 is preferably 1.22 ��₀��

Concrete, described image sensor 5 can be, but not limited to as CCD (Charge-coupledDevice, charge coupled cell) sensor or CMOS (ComplementaryMetal-OxideSemiconductor, complementary oxidized metal semi-conductor) sensor. As what optimize, in the present embodiment, described image sensor 5 adopts cmos sensor, on the basis that can obtain high-quality hologram image and holographic imaging information, and described device also can be made to have advantages such as power consumption is little and price is low.

As shown in Figure 2, the working mechanism of the aforementioned device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is possible to but be not limited to comprise the steps: that S101. imports to the fluid manhole in transparent observation part and treat fluid measured; S102. laser apparatus is started, transponder pulse formula laser; S103. making described laser through microlens, and focus in the axle center hole of diaphragm, then diffraction forms point source spherical wave; S104. described point source spherical wave is through transparent observation part, and through during described fluid manhole with the described Interaction between particles formation particle diffracted wave treated in fluid measured; S105. described point source spherical wave and described particle diffracted wave are interfered mutually, and project in the sensitive surface of image sensor, generate holographic imaging information; S106. described holographic imaging information is sent to computer, carries out data inversion procedure, finally obtain reflecting the aerial image information of particle shape.

In described step S101, described in treat that fluid measured can be, but not limited to as liquid or gas, such as ambient atmosphere or tap water. In described step S106, the mode of described data inversion procedure (also referred to as image reproduction processes) is available data process technology, and it can be, but not limited to as following processing mode:

I_r=iFFT (FFT (I_h)��FFT(I_psf))

In formula, FFT () is Fourier transform function, and iFFT () is inverse-Fourier transform function, I_rFor aerial image information, I_hFor holographic imaging information, I_psfFor a source image information. In data inversion procedure process, owing to described fluid manhole 401 has certain width (such as 0.1mm), and the size of particle is much smaller (greatly about um level) comparatively speaking, therefore first need to carry out automatic focusing, inverting locks the horizontal position of particle in described fluid manhole 401, then inverting obtains reflecting the aerial image information of particle shape. Finally by described computer, the entity space image of particle being shown and analyzed, the detection of such as gray analysis or particle is analyzed, so that it may to obtain the observation results such as the size of such as particle or shape.

The described device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape that the present embodiment provides and working mechanism thereof, there is following technique effect: the holographic imaging information that (1) can utilize laser hologram imaging method directly to treat the particle in fluid measured and carry out producing through interference effect, then holographic imaging information is carried out data inversion procedure, can obtain reflecting the aerial image information of particle shape, thus without the need to using filter membrane, sample can be avoided to be polluted, and then measuring error and consumptive material expense can be reduced, the operating process of simplified apparatus; (2) it is convenient to utilize computer system that induction image forming information carries out online data inversion procedure, conveniently immediately obtains measuring result, real-time; (3) 0.2 micron of even higher resolving power can be reached, it is possible to solve the existing problem being subject to optical limit restriction based on microscopy and its resolving power, measure significant for airborne particulate material; (4) particle in gas not only can be carried out image checking by described device, it is also possible to the particle in liquid is carried out image checking, and object to be measured is wider, is convenient to practical application and popularization.

As mentioned above, it is necessary, the present invention can be realized preferably. For a person skilled in the art, according to the teachings of the present invention, design the multi-form device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape and working mechanism does not need creative work. Without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention these embodiments changed, revise, replace, integrate and modification still falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the device based on laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterized in that, comprise laser apparatus (1), microlens (2), diaphragm (3), transparent observation part (4) and image sensor (5), wherein, described transparent observation part (4) has fluid manhole (401);

Described laser apparatus (1), described microlens (2), described diaphragm (3), described transparent observation part (4) and described image sensor (5) be coaxial inner conductor setting successively, and the optical focus of described microlens (2) is arranged in the axle center hole of described diaphragm (3), the end face of described diaphragm (3) and the first end face of described transparent observation part (4) offset, and the described transparent biend of observation part (4) and the sensitive surface of described image sensor (5) offset.

2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the device of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterised in that, described laser apparatus (1) is the pulsed laser of optical maser wavelength between 355��635 nanometers;

Or, described laser apparatus (1) is the modulated continuous wave laser of optical maser wavelength between 355��635 nanometers.

3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the device of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterized in that, between the end face of described diaphragm (3) and the first end face of described transparent observation part (4), it is embedded with antireflecting coating (7);

And/or, it is embedded with antireflecting coating (7) between the biend of described transparent observation part (4) and the sensitive surface of described image sensor (5).

4. as claimed in claim 3 based on the device of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterised in that, described antireflecting coating (7) is optical cement layer or immersion oil layer.

5. as claimed in claim 1 based on the device of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterised in that, described diaphragm (3) is set to L to the distance of described fluid manhole (401)₁, described fluid manhole (401) is set to L to the distance of described image sensor (5)₂, then described two segment distance L₁And L₂Meet following relation:

$L_1\≥\frac{0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0{L}_2}{\left(2\mathrm{\η}dsin\right(atan\left(\frac{D}{2L_2}\right))-0.61{\mathrm{\λ}}_0)}$

In formula, ��₀For optical maser wavelength, �� is the specific refractory power of described transparent observation part (4), and d is the Pixel Dimensions size of described image sensor (5), and the effective feeling that D is described image sensor (5) answers district's size size.

6. as claimed in claim 1 based on the device of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterised in that, the transparent material that described transparent observation part (4) is greater than 1.5 by specific refractory power is made.

7. as claimed in claim 1 based on the device of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterised in that, the axle center hole diameter of described diaphragm (3) is 1.22 ��₀, in formula, ��₀For optical maser wavelength.

8. as claimed in claim 1 based on the device of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterised in that, described image sensor (5) is ccd sensor or cmos sensor.

9. any one as described in claim 1 to 8 is based on the working mechanism of the device of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterised in that, comprise the steps:

S101. import to the fluid manhole in transparent observation part and treat fluid measured;

S102. laser apparatus is started, transponder pulse formula laser;

S103. making described laser through microlens, and focus in the axle center hole of diaphragm, then diffraction forms point source spherical wave;

S104. described point source spherical wave is through transparent observation part, and through during described fluid manhole with the described Interaction between particles formation particle diffracted wave treated in fluid measured;

S105. described point source spherical wave and described particle diffracted wave are interfered mutually, and project in the sensitive surface of image sensor, generate holographic imaging information;

S106. described holographic imaging information is sent to computer, carries out data inversion procedure, finally obtain reflecting the aerial image information of particle shape.

10. as claimed in claim 9 based on the working mechanism of device of laser hologram imaging method analysing particulates shape, it is characterised in that, described in treat that fluid measured is liquid or gas.