CN105651486A - Flow-induced heat exchanger tube bundle vibration testing system - Google Patents
Flow-induced heat exchanger tube bundle vibration testing system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种流体诱发换热器管束振动试验测试系统。该系统主要由入口部件、实验部件和出口部件连接而成。入口部件的两个进口分别与供给气体的压缩机和供给液体的离心泵相连，入口部件的上部为气液混合器，下部为扩压腔；从出口部件流出的液体或气液混合物进入储罐，储罐的出口与离心泵的进口相连；实验部件有可更换的管板及管束，以实现多种管束的试验，实验部件进出口装有压力表，壁面上设有双电导探针和动态应变测量仪的接入端，两者的输出端与计算机相连。本发明能对不同排列方式、节径比和管材的管束在不同操作参数下进行单相和两相流诱发换热器管束振动实验，得到临界流速、振幅和阻尼等参数，评定各种工况下的振动特性。
The invention discloses a fluid-induced heat exchanger tube bundle vibration test system. The system is mainly composed of inlet parts, experimental parts and outlet parts. The two inlets of the inlet part are respectively connected with the compressor for supplying gas and the centrifugal pump for supplying liquid. The upper part of the inlet part is a gas-liquid mixer, and the lower part is a diffuser chamber; the liquid or gas-liquid mixture flowing out from the outlet part enters the storage tank , the outlet of the storage tank is connected to the inlet of the centrifugal pump; the experimental part has replaceable tube sheets and tube bundles to realize the test of various tube bundles. The input end of the strain gauge, and the output end of the two are connected to the computer. The invention can conduct single-phase and two-phase flow-induced heat exchanger tube bundle vibration experiments on tube bundles with different arrangement modes, pitch-to-diameter ratios and pipe materials under different operating parameters, obtain parameters such as critical flow velocity, amplitude and damping, and evaluate various working conditions The following vibration characteristics.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及换热器管束振动试验测试系统，尤其涉及一种流体诱发换热器管束振动试验测试系统。 The invention relates to a tube bundle vibration test system for a heat exchanger, in particular to a fluid-induced tube bundle vibration test system for a heat exchanger.
背景技术 Background technique
在过程工业中，绝大多数的工艺过程都与加热、冷却和保温有关，为了实现工艺物料间的热量传递，人们常采用各种类型的换热器，它是化工、石油、食品、动力、冶金、制药及核能工业中广泛应用的工艺设备。其中，管壳式换热器的应用尤为广泛，在管壳式换热器中，由于折流板的设置，使得换热器中的管束时刻受到横向流的冲刷，容易由于流体诱发振动而发生破坏失效。近些年来，随着换热器内操作流速的提高以及设备的大型化发展，随之而来的换热器振动破坏与失效事故也逐年增加，使得这类现象引起国内外工程界与相关研究者的普遍关注。工业中常用的换热器，诸如：核蒸汽发生器、冷凝器和锅炉中均存在两相流体诱发振动，相比单相流体诱发振动，两相流体诱发振动更为复杂。 In the process industry, the vast majority of processes are related to heating, cooling and heat preservation. In order to realize the heat transfer between process materials, people often use various types of heat exchangers. It is a chemical, petroleum, food, power, Process equipment widely used in metallurgy, pharmaceutical and nuclear energy industries. Among them, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is widely used. In the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, due to the setting of the baffle, the tube bundle in the heat exchanger is always washed by the lateral flow, which is easy to occur due to fluid-induced vibration. Destruction fails. In recent years, with the increase of the operating flow rate in the heat exchanger and the large-scale development of equipment, the subsequent vibration damage and failure accidents of the heat exchanger have also increased year by year, making this kind of phenomenon arouse domestic and foreign engineering circles and related research. the general attention of the audience. Heat exchangers commonly used in industry, such as: nuclear steam generators, condensers and boilers, all have two-phase fluid-induced vibrations. Compared with single-phase fluid-induced vibrations, two-phase fluid-induced vibrations are more complicated.
迄今为止，对于单向流体横向流过管束诱发的振动，已有比较成熟的审核方法和实践经验。而对于两相流诱发管束的振动，尚有一些问题亟待探究。虽然已出现一些用于研究单相和两相流诱发管束振动的实验装置，但大部分实验装置只能进行单相流实验，只有少部分的实验装置可以用于两相流实验，而且具有操作复杂和可研究内容单一的缺点，有关操作简便的两相流诱发管束振动的实验装置亟待设计。 So far, there are relatively mature audit methods and practical experience for the vibration induced by unidirectional fluid laterally flowing through the tube bundle. As for the vibration of tube bundles induced by two-phase flow, there are still some issues to be explored urgently. Although some experimental devices have been used to study the vibration of tube bundles induced by single-phase and two-phase flow, most of the experimental devices can only be used for single-phase flow experiments, and only a small number of experimental devices can be used for two-phase flow experiments, and have the ability to operate Due to the shortcomings of complexity and single research content, it is urgent to design an experimental device for tube bundle vibration induced by two-phase flow that is easy to operate.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种流体诱发换热器管束振动试验测试系统，主要用于测得含气率、管道流速和换热器管束振动曲线。该实验系统不仅可以研究管束在横向流条件下，含气率、排布方式、节径比以及管材对管束振动的影响，还可以研究管束在横流下的振动特性和临界流速，进而为相关标准的修订以及换热器的振动安全设计提供参考。 The object of the present invention is to provide a fluid-induced heat exchanger tube bundle vibration test system, which is mainly used for measuring the air content ratio, pipeline flow velocity and heat exchanger tube bundle vibration curve. The experimental system can not only study the influence of gas content, arrangement, pitch-diameter ratio, and pipe material on the vibration of the tube bundle under the condition of cross flow, but also study the vibration characteristics and critical flow velocity of the tube bundle under cross flow, and then provide relevant standards. The revision and vibration safety design of heat exchangers provide reference.
本发明所采用的技术方案是： The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
本发明所述的系统主要由入口部件、实验部件和出口部件依次连接而成；其中： The system of the present invention is mainly formed by sequential connection of inlet components, experimental components and outlet components; wherein:
入口部件的下部为扩压腔，上部为气液混合器；扩压腔下端与气体分布器相连，扩压腔中间设有液体入口管；气体分布器依次经三通球阀、气体流量计和压缩机出口阀与压缩机出口相连；液体入口管依次经液体流量计、出口阀、离心泵、入口阀和储罐与出口部件上端相连； The lower part of the inlet part is a diffuser chamber, and the upper part is a gas-liquid mixer; the lower end of the diffuser chamber is connected to a gas distributor, and a liquid inlet pipe is arranged in the middle of the diffuser chamber; the gas distributor passes through a three-way ball valve, a gas flow meter and a compressor in sequence. The machine outlet valve is connected to the compressor outlet; the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the upper end of the outlet part through the liquid flow meter, outlet valve, centrifugal pump, inlet valve and storage tank in sequence;
实验部件的中间筒体为矩形截面，沿长度方向的中间筒体内从下至上依次装有多根刚性管和多个柔性组件，左右管板分别安装在中间筒体两边，多根刚性管两端分别安装在左右管板各自孔中； The middle cylinder of the experimental part has a rectangular cross-section. A number of rigid tubes and multiple flexible components are installed in the middle cylinder along the length direction from bottom to top. The left and right tube plates are respectively installed on both sides of the middle cylinder. Installed in the respective holes of the left and right tube sheets;
多个柔性组件中的每根刚性换热管两端分别通过左琴钢线和右琴钢线与各自的固定机构和各自的拉紧机构连接； The two ends of each rigid heat exchange tube in the plurality of flexible components are respectively connected to the respective fixing mechanism and the respective tensioning mechanism through the left piano wire and the right piano wire;
所有被测量的柔性组件中的每根刚性换热管的右琴钢线上均粘贴应变片并通过连线穿过测试接口端盖与动态应变测量仪相连；实验部件下端入口处安装有双电导探针，动态应变测量仪和双电导探针的输出端与计算机相连；实验部件的进出口分别装有入口压力表和出口压力表。 Each rigid heat exchange tube in all measured flexible components is pasted with a strain gauge on the right piano steel wire and connected to the dynamic strain measuring instrument through the end cover of the test interface through the connection line; The output ends of the probe, the dynamic strain measuring instrument and the double conductance probe are connected to the computer; the inlet and outlet of the experimental components are respectively equipped with an inlet pressure gauge and an outlet pressure gauge.
所述各自的固定机构结构相同，每个固定机构，均包括端盖螺栓、垫圈和左螺纹嵌入件；左螺纹嵌入件与柔性组件的刚性换热管左端连接，端盖螺栓通过垫圈与其相对应的左管板孔固接，左琴钢线一端与左螺纹嵌入件连接，左琴钢线另一端穿过左端的端盖螺栓并与端盖螺栓固接。 The respective fixing mechanisms have the same structure, and each fixing mechanism includes an end cover bolt, a washer and a left threaded insert; the left thread insert is connected to the left end of the rigid heat exchange tube of the flexible component, and the end cover bolt corresponds to it through the washer One end of the left piano wire is connected to the left threaded insert, and the other end of the left piano wire passes through the left end cover bolt and is fixed to the end cover bolt.
所述各自的拉紧机构结构相同，每个拉紧机构，均包括左螺纹嵌入件、内螺纹嵌入件和调节螺母；左螺纹嵌入件与柔性组件的刚性换热管右端连接，右管板外侧依次装有拉紧挡板和拉紧板，内螺纹嵌入件一端与拉紧板孔连接，内螺纹嵌入件另一端孔内装有调节螺母，右琴钢线一端与右螺纹嵌入件连接，右琴钢线另一端经内螺纹嵌入件孔并穿过调节螺母中心孔与调节螺母固接，内螺纹嵌入件外装有测试接口端盖。 The respective tensioning mechanisms have the same structure, and each tensioning mechanism includes a left threaded insert, an internal threaded insert and an adjusting nut; the left threaded insert is connected to the right end of the rigid heat exchange tube of the flexible assembly, and the outer side of the right tube plate A tightening baffle and a tensioning plate are installed in sequence, one end of the internal thread insert is connected to the hole of the tension plate, and an adjusting nut is installed in the hole at the other end of the internal thread insert, one end of the right piano wire is connected to the right thread insert, and the right piano The other end of the steel wire passes through the hole of the internal thread insert and passes through the central hole of the adjusting nut to be fixedly connected with the adjusting nut, and the internal thread insert is equipped with a test interface end cover.
所述中间筒体的下部内壁设有定位挡板，定位挡板与左右管板底面接触，确定左右管板在中间筒体中的竖直位置。 The inner wall of the lower part of the intermediate cylinder is provided with a positioning baffle, which is in contact with the bottom surfaces of the left and right tube sheets to determine the vertical positions of the left and right tube sheets in the intermediate cylinder.
所述气液混合器，内部装满便于气、液混合的波纹填料。 The gas-liquid mixer is filled with corrugated fillers for gas-liquid mixing.
所述被测量的柔性组件是指分布在拉紧板中间的柔性组件。 The measured flexible components refer to the flexible components distributed in the middle of the tension plate.
本发明具有的有益效果是： The beneficial effects that the present invention has are:
（1）该实验系统中管束与管板以及中间筒体之间均为可拆式连接，不仅可以获得被测管束在横流下的振动特性以及临界流速，而且可以研究管束的排列方式、节径比以及管材对流体诱发换热器管束振动的影响。 (1) In this experimental system, the tube bundle, the tube sheet and the intermediate cylinder are all detachable connections. Not only can the vibration characteristics and critical flow velocity of the measured tube bundle be obtained under cross flow, but also the arrangement mode and pitch diameter of the tube bundle can be studied. Ratio and effect of tube material on fluid-induced vibration of tube bundles in heat exchangers.
（2）该实验系统中的柔性管束通过螺纹传动来实现对管束固有频率的调节，此调节方法比较稳定，操作简单，易于实现。 (2) The flexible tube bundle in this experimental system realizes the adjustment of the natural frequency of the tube bundle through screw drive. This adjustment method is relatively stable, simple to operate, and easy to implement.
（3）该实验系统可以实现单相和两相流实验，易于两者之间的对比。 (3) The experimental system can realize single-phase and two-phase flow experiments, which is easy to compare between the two.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构原理示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure principle of the present invention.
图2是单个柔性组件的结构原理示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and principle of a single flexible component.
图中：1、入口部件，1.1、气体分布器，1.2、扩压腔，1.3、气液混合器，1.4、液体入口管，2、实验部件，2.1、定位挡板，2.2、左右管板，2.3、刚性管，2.4、柔性组件，2.4.1、端盖螺栓，2.4.2、左右琴钢线，2.4.3、垫圈，2.4.4、左右螺纹嵌入件，2.4.5、刚性换热管，2.4.6、内螺纹嵌入件，2.4.7、调节螺母，2.5、中间筒体，2.6、测试接口端盖，2.7、应变片，2.8、拉紧挡板，2.9、拉紧板，3、出口部件，4、储罐，5、入口阀，6、离心泵，7、出口阀，8、液体流量计，9、三通球阀，10、气体流量计，11、压缩机出口阀，12、压缩机，13、入口压力表，14、出口压力表，15、双电导探针，16、计算机，17、动态应变测量仪。 In the figure: 1. Inlet parts, 1.1. Gas distributor, 1.2. Diffuser chamber, 1.3. Gas-liquid mixer, 1.4. Liquid inlet pipe, 2. Experimental parts, 2.1. Positioning baffle, 2.2. Left and right tube sheets, 2.3. Rigid tubes, 2.4. Flexible components, 2.4.1. End cap bolts, 2.4.2. Left and right piano wires, 2.4.3. Washers, 2.4.4. Left and right threaded inserts, 2.4.5. Rigid heat exchange tubes , 2.4.6, internal thread insert, 2.4.7, adjusting nut, 2.5, intermediate cylinder, 2.6, test interface end cover, 2.7, strain gauge, 2.8, tension baffle, 2.9, tension plate, 3, Outlet parts, 4. Storage tank, 5. Inlet valve, 6. Centrifugal pump, 7. Outlet valve, 8. Liquid flow meter, 9. Three-way ball valve, 10. Gas flow meter, 11. Compressor outlet valve, 12, Compressor, 13. Inlet pressure gauge, 14. Outlet pressure gauge, 15. Dual conductivity probes, 16. Computer, 17. Dynamic strain gauge.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明所述的系统主要由入口部件1、实验部件2和出口部件3依次连接而成；其中： As shown in Figure 1, the system of the present invention is mainly formed by successively connecting inlet part 1, experiment part 2 and outlet part 3; Wherein:
入口部件1整体从上到下的横截面为逐渐变小的矩形截面，其下部为扩压腔1.2，上部为气液混合器1.3；扩压腔1.2下端与气体分布器1.1相连，扩压腔1.2中间设有液体入口管1.4；气体分布器1.1依次经三通球阀9、气体流量计10和压缩机出口阀11与压缩机12出口相连；液体入口管1.4依次经液体流量计8、出口阀7、离心泵6、入口阀5和储罐4与出口部件3上端相连，出口部件3为整体从下到上的横截面为逐渐变小的矩形截面。 The overall cross section of the inlet part 1 from top to bottom is a gradually smaller rectangular section, the lower part of which is a diffuser chamber 1.2, and the upper part is a gas-liquid mixer 1.3; the lower end of the diffuser chamber 1.2 is connected to the gas distributor 1.1, and the diffuser chamber 1.2 There is a liquid inlet pipe 1.4 in the middle; the gas distributor 1.1 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 12 through the three-way ball valve 9, the gas flow meter 10 and the compressor outlet valve 11 in sequence; the liquid inlet pipe 1.4 passes through the liquid flow meter 8 and the outlet valve in turn 7. The centrifugal pump 6, the inlet valve 5 and the storage tank 4 are connected to the upper end of the outlet part 3, and the outlet part 3 as a whole has a gradually smaller rectangular cross section from bottom to top.
实验部件2的中间筒体2.5为矩形截面，沿长度方向的中间筒体2.5内从下至上依次装有按照一定排列方式(如正方形或三角形)和节径比(如19/25或25/32)排布的多根刚性管2.3和多个柔性组件2.4，左右管板2.2分别安装在中间筒体2.5两边，多根刚性管2.3两端分别安装在左右管板2.2各自孔中。 The middle cylinder 2.5 of the experimental part 2 has a rectangular cross-section, and the middle cylinder 2.5 along the length direction is sequentially equipped with a certain arrangement (such as a square or a triangle) and a pitch ratio (such as 19/25 or 25/32). ) a plurality of rigid tubes 2.3 and a plurality of flexible components 2.4, the left and right tube plates 2.2 are respectively installed on both sides of the middle cylinder 2.5, and the two ends of the multiple rigid tubes 2.3 are respectively installed in the respective holes of the left and right tube plates 2.2.
如图1、图2所示，多个柔性组件2.4中的每根刚性换热管2.4.5两端分别通过左琴钢线2.4.2和右琴钢线2.4.2与各自的固定机构和各自的拉紧机构连接。 As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the two ends of each rigid heat exchange tube 2.4.5 in the plurality of flexible components 2.4 respectively pass through the left piano wire 2.4.2 and the right piano wire 2.4.2 with their respective fixing mechanisms and respective tensioning mechanism connections.
所有被测量的柔性组件2.4中的每根刚性换热管2.4.5的右琴钢线2.4.2上均粘贴应变片2.7并通过连线穿过测试接口端盖2.6与动态应变测量仪17相连；实验部件2下端入口处安装有双电导探针15，动态应变测量仪17和双电导探针15的输出端与计算机16相连；实验部件2的进出口分别装有入口压力表13和出口压力表14。 Strain gauges 2.7 are pasted on the right piano wire 2.4.2 of each rigid heat exchange tube 2.4.5 in all flexible components 2.4 to be measured and connected to the dynamic strain measuring instrument 17 through the test interface end cap 2.6 through the connection line Two conductance probes 15 are installed at the entrance of the lower end of the test part 2, and the output ends of the dynamic strain gauge 17 and the two conductance probes 15 are connected to the computer 16; the inlet and outlet of the test part 2 are respectively equipped with inlet pressure gauge 13 and outlet pressure Table 14.
所述各自的固定机构结构相同，以一个固定机构为例，它包括端盖螺栓2.4.1、垫圈2.4.3和左螺纹嵌入件2.4.4；左螺纹嵌入件2.4.4与柔性组件的刚性换热管2.4.5左端连接，端盖螺栓2.4.1通过垫圈2.4.3与其相对应的左管板2.2孔固接，左琴钢线2.4.2一端与左螺纹嵌入件2.4.4连接，左琴钢线2.4.2另一端穿过左端的端盖螺栓2.4.1并与端盖螺栓2.4.1固接。 The respective fixing mechanisms have the same structure, taking one fixing mechanism as an example, it includes end cap bolts 2.4.1, washers 2.4.3 and left-threaded inserts 2.4.4; the rigidity of left-threaded inserts 2.4.4 and flexible components The left end of the heat exchange tube 2.4.5 is connected, the end cover bolt 2.4.1 is fixed to the corresponding hole of the left tube plate 2.2 through the washer 2.4.3, and one end of the left piano wire 2.4.2 is connected to the left threaded insert 2.4.4. The other end of the left piano wire 2.4.2 passes through the end cover bolt 2.4.1 at the left end and is fixedly connected with the end cover bolt 2.4.1.
所述各自的拉紧机构结构相同，以一个拉紧机构为例，它包括左螺纹嵌入件2.4.4、内螺纹嵌入件2.4.6和调节螺母2.4.7；左螺纹嵌入件2.4.4与柔性组件的刚性换热管2.4.5右端连接，右管板外侧依次装有拉紧挡板2.8和拉紧板2.9，内螺纹嵌入件2.4.6一端与拉紧板2.9孔连接，内螺纹嵌入件2.4.6另一端孔内装有调节螺母2.4.7，右琴钢线2.4.2一端与右螺纹嵌入件2.4.4连接，右琴钢线2.4.2另一端经内螺纹嵌入件2.4.6孔并穿过调节螺母2.4.7中心孔与调节螺母2.4.7固接，内螺纹嵌入件2.4.6外装有测试接口端盖2.6。 The respective tensioning mechanisms have the same structure, taking a tensioning mechanism as an example, it includes a left threaded insert 2.4.4, an internal threaded insert 2.4.6 and an adjusting nut 2.4.7; the left threaded insert 2.4.4 and The right end of the rigid heat exchange tube 2.4.5 of the flexible component is connected, and the outside of the right tube plate is sequentially equipped with a tension baffle 2.8 and a tension plate 2.9. The hole at the other end of part 2.4.6 is equipped with an adjusting nut 2.4.7, one end of the right piano wire 2.4.2 is connected with the right threaded insert 2.4.4, and the other end of the right piano wire 2.4.2 passes through the internal threaded insert 2.4.6 The hole passes through the central hole of the adjusting nut 2.4.7 and is fixedly connected with the adjusting nut 2.4.7, and the internal thread insert 2.4.6 is equipped with a test interface end cover 2.6.
所述中间筒体2.5的下部内壁设有定位挡板2.1，定位挡板2.1与左、右管板2.2底面接触，确定左、右管板2.2在中间筒体2.5中的竖直位置。 The lower inner wall of the middle cylinder 2.5 is provided with a positioning baffle 2.1, and the positioning baffle 2.1 is in contact with the bottom surfaces of the left and right tube sheets 2.2 to determine the vertical position of the left and right tube sheets 2.2 in the middle cylinder 2.5.
所述气液混合器1.3，内部装满按照气液混合器1.3内壁尺寸切割而成的规整的便于气、液混合的塑料波纹填料。 The gas-liquid mixer 1.3 is filled with regular plastic corrugated fillers that are cut according to the size of the inner wall of the gas-liquid mixer 1.3 and are convenient for mixing gas and liquid.
所述被测量的柔性组件是指分布在拉紧板2.9中间的柔性组件。 The measured flexible components refer to the flexible components distributed in the middle of the tension plate 2.9.
本发明的工作原理如下： The working principle of the present invention is as follows:
（1）单相流实验 (1) Single-phase flow experiment
以水为介质，节径比为19/25的正方形排布的不锈钢管的刚性换热管2.4.5进行测试试验。利用外界水源向储罐4中注入足量的水，打开离心泵6的入口阀5，并缓慢打开离心泵6的出口阀7，将水充满整个实验装置。然后调节离心泵6的出口阀7使得液体流量计8的读数为8m3/h，并观察动态应变测量仪17所测得的信号曲线，根据所得到的固有频率，旋动刚性换热管2.4.5右端的调节螺母2.4.7，通过左右琴钢线对所有被测量的换热管(即被测量的柔性管)的固有频率进行微调，使其相同。之后，调节离心泵6的出口阀7，逐渐改变流量，待液体流量计8和入口压力表13和出口压力表14的读数稳定后，保存15个不同流量下的动态应变测量仪17所测得的信号曲线并根据其获得被测量的柔性管振动的振幅和阻尼，并根据以上所得到的振幅和流速通过作图得到临界流速。最后，关闭出口阀5和入口阀7，并将三通球阀9打开，排出实验装置中残留的水。 Using water as the medium, the rigid heat exchange tube 2.4.5 of the square arrangement of stainless steel tubes with a pitch ratio of 19/25 was tested. Inject a sufficient amount of water into the storage tank 4 using an external water source, open the inlet valve 5 of the centrifugal pump 6, and slowly open the outlet valve 7 of the centrifugal pump 6 to fill the entire experimental device with water. Then adjust the outlet valve 7 of the centrifugal pump 6 so that the reading of the liquid flow meter 8 is 8m 3 /h, and observe the signal curve measured by the dynamic strain measuring instrument 17, and rotate the rigid heat exchange tube 2.4 according to the obtained natural frequency .5 The adjustment nut 2.4.7 at the right end fine-tunes the natural frequencies of all the measured heat exchange tubes (that is, the measured flexible tubes) through the left and right piano wires to make them the same. Afterwards, adjust the outlet valve 7 of the centrifugal pump 6 to gradually change the flow rate. After the readings of the liquid flow meter 8, the inlet pressure gauge 13 and the outlet pressure gauge 14 are stable, save the results obtained by the dynamic strain measuring instrument 17 under 15 different flow rates. According to the signal curve, the amplitude and damping of the measured flexible pipe vibration are obtained, and the critical flow velocity is obtained by plotting the amplitude and flow velocity obtained above. Finally, close the outlet valve 5 and the inlet valve 7, and open the three-way ball valve 9 to discharge the residual water in the experimental device.
（2）两相流实验 (2) Two-phase flow experiment
以水和空气为介质，水的流量为8m3/h，节径比为19/25的正方形排布的不锈钢管的刚性换热管2.4.5进行测试试验。利用外界水源向储罐4中注入足量的水，打开离心泵6的入口阀5，并缓慢打开离心泵6的出口阀7，以较低的流量将水充满整个实验装置。然后调节出口阀7和压缩机出口阀11，使得液体流量计8和气体流量计10的读数分别为8m3/h和4m3/h，并观察动态应变测量仪17所测得的信号曲线，根据所得到的固有频率，旋动刚性换热管2.4.5右端的调节螺母2.4.7，通过左右琴钢线对所有被测量的换热管(即被测量的柔性管)的固有频率进行微调，使其相同。之后，保持水的流量不变，逐渐改变空气的流量，待气体流量计10和入口压力表13和出口压力表14的读数稳定后，分别记录10个不同含气率下的气体流量计10、入口压力表13和出口压力表14的读数，保存动态应变测量仪17所测得的信号曲线并根据其获得被测量的柔性管振动的振幅和阻尼，并根据以上所得到的振幅和流速通过作图得到临界流速。最后，关闭入口阀5和出口阀7以及压缩机出口阀11，并将三通球阀9打开，排出实验装置中残留的水。 With water and air as the medium, the flow rate of water is 8m 3 /h, and the rigid heat exchange tube 2.4.5 of the square arrangement of stainless steel tubes with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 19/25 is tested. Inject a sufficient amount of water into the storage tank 4 using an external water source, open the inlet valve 5 of the centrifugal pump 6, and slowly open the outlet valve 7 of the centrifugal pump 6 to fill the entire experimental device with water at a low flow rate. Then adjust the outlet valve 7 and the compressor outlet valve 11 so that the readings of the liquid flow meter 8 and the gas flow meter 10 are respectively 8m 3 /h and 4m 3 /h, and observe the signal curve measured by the dynamic strain gauge 17, According to the obtained natural frequency, turn the adjusting nut 2.4.7 on the right end of the rigid heat exchange tube 2.4.5, and fine-tune the natural frequencies of all the measured heat exchange tubes (ie, the measured flexible tube) through the left and right piano wires , making it the same. Afterwards, keep the flow of water constant, and gradually change the flow of air. After the readings of gas flowmeter 10, inlet pressure gauge 13 and outlet pressure gauge 14 are stable, record the gas flowmeter 10, The readings of the inlet pressure gauge 13 and the outlet pressure gauge 14 save the signal curve measured by the dynamic strain gauge 17 and obtain the amplitude and damping of the measured flexible pipe vibration according to it, and according to the amplitude and flow rate obtained above, pass the operation The figure shows the critical velocity. Finally, close the inlet valve 5, the outlet valve 7 and the compressor outlet valve 11, and open the three-way ball valve 9 to discharge the residual water in the experimental device.
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