CN105648343B - 一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢 - Google Patents

一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢 Download PDF

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CN105648343B
CN105648343B CN201610165942.4A CN201610165942A CN105648343B CN 105648343 B CN105648343 B CN 105648343B CN 201610165942 A CN201610165942 A CN 201610165942A CN 105648343 B CN105648343 B CN 105648343B
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任庆华
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Anhui Keling Instrument Co Ltd
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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Abstract

一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢,其化学成分:1.2~1.6%C,0.55~0.85%Si,1.10~1.30%Mn,5.50~6.50%Cr,3.40~4.40%Mo,1.05~1.15%V,0.50~0.70%Nb,0.02~0.04%Ti,1.6~1.9%W,0.03~0.05%Re,0.0008~0.003%B,0.05~0.09%N,≤0.015%P,≤0.015%S,其余为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质。本发明具有较高的强度、耐磨性,还具有良好的热硬性和切削性能,而生产成本低。

Description

一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢
技术领域
本发明属于刀具用钢技术领域,尤其涉及一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢。
背景技术
刀具材料从人类诞生之初就在人类的生产、生活中有着广泛的应用,而随着社会的进步以及生产加工自动化程度的提高,对刀具材料的性能要求、加工要求、使用要求日益提高。
目前,高强耐磨刀具用钢常采用W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢。W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢的碳化物细小均匀,因此有良好的综合性能,硬度为62-67HRC,抗弯性是一般硬质合金的2-3倍,是陶瓷的5-6倍,还具有良好的耐磨、耐热性,在切削温度高达500-650℃时仍能进行切削。W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢除用于制造各种类型的一般刀具外,还可制作大型及热塑成型刀具,用途广泛。但W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢易于氧化脱碳,其热加工及热处理工艺较为复杂。另外由于添加了较多的钼、钒等贵重合金,造成其生产成本较高,不利于企业提高竞争力。
申请号为00103223.2的中国发明专利公开了一种高耐磨性铸造高速钢,其特征在于该钢种的具体化学成分为( 重量% ): 1.8%~4.2%C, 2%~12%W, 3%~12%Mo,4%~15%Cr, 0%~10%Co, 2.5%~10%V, 0.3%~2.5%Nb, 0.5%~1.5%Si, 0.3%~0.8%Mn, 0.02%~0.10%Al, 0.02%~0.10%N,≤0.03%S,≤0.03%P,其余为Fe。该高速钢的特点是高碳、高钒、高铬,加入大量的W、Mo、Cr、V 以及Nb等碳化物元素,这些碳化物元素是提供耐磨性的重要因素,因此该高速钢拥有良好的铸造性能,耐磨。但由于该高速钢含有大量的Mo、V,其生产成本比W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢还要高,这制约了该钢的推广应用。
申请号为90103207.7的中国发明专利公开了低合金高性能高速钢,其特征在于该钢种的具体化学成分为( 重量% ): 0.85%~1.05%C,3.0%~5.0%W,2.0%~3.5%Mo,3.5%~5.0%Cr,1.20%~1.80%V,0.70%~1.20%Si,0.20%~0.50%Mn,0.02%~0.08%N,≤0.03%S,≤0.03%P,其余为Fe。该高速钢希望通过降低合金元素含量从而降低生产成本,但由于该高速钢与W6Mo5Cr4V2 钢一样,贵重金属元素Mo、W、V的含量均比较高,因此生产成本并没有真正意义上的降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是要解决现有问题而提供一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢,通过对合金元素含量的调整,从而获得良好的硬度、强韧性和耐磨性,且贵重合金元素含量较少、生产成本低。
本发明的技术方案是这样得以实现的:一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢,其特点是:其化学成分(重量%)如下:1.2~1.6%C,0.55~0.85%Si,1.10~1.30%Mn,5.50~6.50%Cr,3.40~4.40%Mo,1.05~1.15%V,0.50~0.70%Nb,0.02~0.04%Ti,1.6~1.9%W,0.03~0.05%Re,0.0008~0.003%B,0.05~0.09%N,≤0.015%P,≤0.015%S,其余为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质。
优选的化学成分(重量%)如下:1.35~1.45%C,0.60~0.70%Si,1.15~1.25%Mn,5.80~6.20%Cr,3.40~3.60%Mo,1.05~1.10%V,0.55-0.65%Nb,0.02~0.03%Ti,1.65~1.75%W,0.03~0.05%Re,0.0010~0.0025%B,0.055~0.065%N,≤0.015%S,≤0.015%P,其余为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本发明可由常规冶炼方法按上述成分要求冶炼而成,通过合理调整合金元素的组份和含量来提高钢的综合性能;以廉价的铬代替部分昂贵的钼,以钒加铌的组合代替稀有、具有放射性的钴。与W6Mo5Cr4V2 高速钢相比,在保证钢的高强、耐磨的前提下,降低了钢的生产成本。钛、稀土、硼等元素的加入,进一步提高钢的淬透性、强韧性及耐磨性。极低的P、S含量,改善了钢的各项性能指标。本高速钢经1100~1200度高温淬火及500~580度的三次回火处理后,其硬度可达HRC65-70。本发明的高速钢具有较高的强度、耐磨性,还具有良好的热硬性和切削性能,而生产成本却大大低于W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢,适用于制作各种刀具。
具体实施方式
本发明其化学成分(重量%)如下:1.2~1.6%C,0.55~0.85%Si,1.10~1.30%Mn,5.50~6.50%Cr,3.40~4.40%Mo,1.05~1.15%V,0.50~0.70%Nb,0.02~0.04%Ti,1.6~1.9%W,0.03~0.05%Re,0.0008~0.003%B,0.05~0.09%N,≤0.015%P,≤0.015%S,其余为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质。
具体化学成分说明:
(1)碳:它与碳化物形成元素可形成各种碳化物,使钢能够获得所需要的强度,适量的过剩碳化物还可阻止晶粒长大,从而提高耐磨性。但碳含量过高,会使钢材失去塑性,另外由于碳化物过多,分布不均匀,也会引起刀具崩裂。本发明中碳含量为1.2~1.6%。
(2)硅:可提高钢的淬透性、回火稳定性,有利于通过热处理提高钢基体的强度、硬度以及热稳定性。本发明中硅含量为0.55~0.85%。
(3)锰:可提高钢基体的强度,并能减小或消除硫的不良影响,提高钢的淬透性。本发明中锰含量为1.10~1.30%。
(4)铬:铬是一种强的碳化物形成元素,它能与碳形成多种化合物,以及与铁碳形成复合的化合物,提高钢的硬度、强度、耐磨性和抗氧化性,而且铬与钨能共同形成复合碳化物,提高复合碳化物在低温时在奥氏体中的溶解度,还能阻止高温时碳化物的集聚。本发明中铬含量为5.50~6.50%。
(5)钼:主要作用是可提高钢的淬透性和热塑性,防止回火脆性。本发明中钼含量为3.40~4.40%。
(6)钒:钒能和碳、氮形成碳氮化合物,可替代价格昂贵的钴元素来提高钢的红硬性,钒还能细化钢的晶粒组织,提高钢的高温硬度、高温强度、韧性和耐磨性,当它在高温熔入奥氏体时可增加钢的淬透性,可以防止钢的过热敏感倾向。本发明中钒含量为1.05~1.15%。
(7)铌:具有强烈的细晶强化作用和析出强化作用,能提高钢基体的强度、硬度。本发明中铌含量为0.50~0.70%。
(8)钛:通过细晶强化方式来提高钢的强度,对塑性、韧性也有改善,还可改善耐磨性。本发明中钛含量为0.02~0.04%。
(9)钨:主要作用是能提高钢的红硬性和热塑性,并能提高钢的耐磨性。本发明中钨含量为1.6~1.9%。
(10)稀土Re:一方面将钢中脆性夹杂变性为塑性球状夹杂,改善钢的塑性;另一发明通过细化晶粒的作用,提高钢的强韧性;还可以提高钢的耐蚀性。本发明中稀土Re含量为0.03~0.05%。
(11)硼:用来提高钢的硬度和耐磨性。本发明中硼含量为0.0008~0.003%。
实施例1:
一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢,该钢的化学成分(重量%)组成为:1.35%C,0.60%Si,1.15%Mn,5.80%Cr,3.40%Mo、1.05%V、0.55%Nb、0.02%Ti、1.65%W,0.03%Re,0.0010%B,0.055%N,≤0.015%S,≤0.015%P,其余为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质。
上述实施例的材料经1100~1200度高温淬火及500~580度的三次回火处理后,硬度达HRC65-70,金相组织回火针状体和细小、均匀的碳化物。该材料具有优良的机械性能、耐磨性,明显优于现有同类材料。
实施例2:
一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢,该钢的化学成分(重量%)组成为:1.45%C,0.70%Si,1.25%Mn,6.20%Cr,3.60%Mo、1.10%V、0.65%Nb、0.03%Ti、1.75%W,0.05%Re,0.0025%B,0.065%N,≤0.015%S,≤0.015%P,其余为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质。
上述实施例的材料经高温淬火和三次回火处理,硬度达HRC58-62,金相组织回火针状体和细小、均匀的碳化物。该材料具有优良的机械性能、耐磨性,明显优于现有同类材料。

Claims (1)

1.一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢,其特征在于:其化学成分(重量%)如下:1.35~1.45%C,0.60~0.70%Si,1.15~1.25%Mn,5.80~6.20%Cr,3.40~3.60%Mo,1.05~1.10%V,0.55-0.65%Nb,0.02~0.03%Ti,1.65~1.75%W,0.03~0.05%稀土RE,0.0010~0.0025%B,0.055~0.065%N,≤ 0.015%S,≤ 0.015%P,其余为铁Fe和不可避免的杂质。
CN201610165942.4A 2016-03-22 2016-03-22 一种高强耐磨刀具用高速钢 Expired - Fee Related CN105648343B (zh)

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CN108085611A (zh) * 2017-11-28 2018-05-29 昆山双儒模具科技有限公司 低合金高耐磨性高速钢及其制备工艺

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