CN105645966B - A kind of preparation method of C/C SiC ceramic matrix composite materials vacuum insulation panel - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of C/C SiC ceramic matrix composite materials vacuum insulation panel Download PDF

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CN105645966B
CN105645966B CN201511032983.8A CN201511032983A CN105645966B CN 105645966 B CN105645966 B CN 105645966B CN 201511032983 A CN201511032983 A CN 201511032983A CN 105645966 B CN105645966 B CN 105645966B
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carbon fiber
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陈照峰
汪洋
余盛杰
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • C04B35/71Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
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    • C04B35/515Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
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    • C04B35/565Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
    • C04B35/573Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained by reaction sintering or recrystallisation
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of C/C SiC ceramic matrix composite materials vacuum insulation panel, prepares one layer of carbon fiber precast body on the heat insulation core material surface for being coated with graphite paper first;One layer of pyrolytic carbon is prepared in carbon fiber surface using chemical vapor infiltration again;Then molten silicon method of impregnation is used, the sample prepared is put into graphite crucible, embedded with Si powder, crucible is put into vacuum drying oven and heated, reaction temperature is 1,450 1550 DEG C, fills out the remaining micro-crack of envelope using chemical vapor infiltration depositing silicon carbide layers, a small sircle hole is finally opened in material shell bottom, envelope aperture is filled out with melt under vacuum conditions, obtains C/C SiC ceramic matrix composite material vacuum insulation panels.It can be used by the C/SiC composite vacuum heat-insulations plate material obtained by this method under 1500 DEG C of environment above, there is low thermal conductivity coefficient.

Description

A kind of preparation method of C/C-SiC composites vacuum insulation panel
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of thermal insulation board, more particularly to a kind of C/C-SiC composites vacuum heat-insulation The preparation method of plate.
Background technology
Novel high speed aerospace craft have the characteristics that the reaction time it is short, it is global it is quick reach, be each Aero-Space in the world One of space technology research focus that big country competitively carries out.The flying speed of some novel high speed aerospace crafts is up to 10 horses Conspicuous, the flight time, the Aerodynamic Heating on aircraft fuselage surface was extremely serious, and its superhigh temperature spot temperature up to dozens of minutes Up to more than 1600 DEG C, this harsh thermal environment limits plus the space that compact housing construction is brought, to thermal protection system Propose thundering challenge.The heat-barrier material used in thermal protection system must be provided simultaneously with superhigh temperature resistant, ultralow thermal conductivity The performance characteristics such as rate and sufficient intensity, the heat that could effectively obstruct fuselage surface or superhigh temperature position are propagated toward fuselage interior, It can just bear superhigh temperature, the drastically harsh heating power environment such as thermal shock, judder simultaneously.Ceramic matric composite has intensity Height, can high temperature resistant the features such as, but these materials all have higher thermal conductivity factor, if being used as heat-insulating material certainly will increase The thickness and weight of material.If by ceramic matric composite as shell, adiabatic core is filled in inside, then make it that material can be Used under high temperature, not only weight substantially reduces, while also has low thermal conductivity coefficient.This is by with huge application prospect, spy It is not in national defense industry, Aero-Space etc..
Document " composite, Yin Hongfeng, Wei Jian metallurgical industry publishing house " describes what is prepared by chemical liquid phase method of impregnation 2D C/SiC composites are respectively 14~20.6W/m with the thermal conductivity factor in vertical carbon fiber direction in parallel carbon fiber direction K and 5.9~7W/mK.Document " calculating of unidirectional C/C thermal conductivity of composite materials, Chen Jie, Xiong Xiang, Xiao Peng charcoal element technologies, 2008,27 (2):1-4 " describes heat conduction system of the unidirectional C/C composites in parallel carbon fiber direction with vertical carbon fiber direction Number is respectively 40.65~51.12W/mK and 3.83~5.96W/mK.Foreign literature " OrtonaA, Gianella S, Pusterla S.An integrated assembly method of sandwich structured ceramic Matrix composites [J] .Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2011,31 (9):1821- 1826. " disclose a kind of sandwich structure composite.The material is by upper and lower two-layer ceramic based composites layer and middle carbon SiClx froth bed is formed.The material has lower thermal conductivity factor than C/C and C/SiC composites, but is used for inside it simultaneously It is antivacuum, therefore its thermal conductivity is still relatively large, so to ensure its using effect, then will increase the thickness of sic foam layer Degree, to reach effect of heat insulation, this will just cause the weight of material to increase.From data above, answered for a kind of solid Condensation material, can not meet the requirement of extremely low thermal conductivity factor, and invention is a kind of with extremely low thermal conductivity factor and can superhigh temperature resistant Material then seems extremely urgent.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome traditional vacuum heat-insulating plate can not be in hot environment The problem of lower use, there is provided it is a kind of to use at high temperature, and C/C-SiC composite vacuum that thermal conductivity factor is extremely low The preparation method of thermal insulation board.
Technical scheme is used by realize the purpose of the present invention:(1) in the outer surface of low thermal conductivity material core One layer of graphite paper is coated, graphite paper thickness is 30-100 μm, and core is ceramic foam, ceramic fiber blanket, carbon fiber felt, core gas Porosity is 70%~90%;(2) prefabricated component is formed in graphite paper surface wrap carbon fiber skin, carbon fiber skin is pre- by carbon fiber Cloth composition is soaked, carbon fiber skin can also be made up of the carbon fiber by braiding, and prefabricated body thickness is 2-20mm;(3) will be prefabricated Part is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, is warming up to 900-1200 DEG C, is passed through propylene, methane, hydrogen, argon gas, nitrogen, is passed through Chemical vapor infiltration penetrates into carbon caused by propylene, methane decomposition in shell, shell is become C/C composite skeletons, The porosity of shell is 5%~20%;(4) molten silicon method of impregnation is used, the sample prepared is put into graphite crucible, with Si powder Embedding, crucible is put into vacuum drying oven and heated, and vacuum drying oven programming rate be 1-10 DEG C/min, and vacuum is 10 in stove-1- 10Pa, Reaction temperature is 1450-1550 DEG C, reaction time 1-2h, and fine and close C/C-SiC material shells are made;(5) using chemistry Vapor infiltration method, obtained fine and close C/C-SiC material shells in (4) step are continued into depositing silicon carbide layers, sedimentation time For 10-30h, the remaining micro-crack of envelope, the C/C-SiC material shells being fully sealed are filled out;(6) at material shell bottom Open a small sircle hole, hole diameter 0.1-2mm in portion;(7) sample is kept flat in vacuum drying oven, perforate is face-up, aperture upper part One block of melt is placed, the volume of melt is 0.5-1 cubic centimetres;(8) vacuumize, vacuum in stove is reached below 1Pa, temperature 900-1750 DEG C is raised to, vacuum drying oven programming rate is 1-10 DEG C/min, is incubated 1-2h, is taken out after cooling, it is compound to obtain C/C-SiC Material vacuum thermal insulation board.
Wherein:
Silica flour particle diameter described in step (4) is 10-500 μm.
Melt described in step (7) is buik silicon, one kind in simple glass, bulk silica.
The invention has the advantages that:1. material prepared by can use under 1500 DEG C of environment above;Material prepared by 2. Material has extremely low thermal conductivity coefficient.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of sectional view of C/SiC composites vacuum insulation panel;
10 be C/SiC material shells;20 be heat insulation core material;30 be melt.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than limitation the scope of the present invention, after the present invention has been read, various equivalences of the those skilled in the art to the present invention The modification of form falls within the application appended claims and limited.
Embodiment 1
(1) one layer of graphite paper is coated in the outer surface of ceramic fibre core, graphite paper thickness is 100 μm, the core porosity For 90%:
(2) prefabricated component being formed in graphite paper surface wrap carbon fiber skin, carbon fiber skin is made up of carbon fibre initial rinse fabric, Prefabricated body thickness is 3mm;
(3) prefabricated component is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, is warming up to 1100 DEG C, be passed through propylene, hydrogen, argon gas, By chemical vapor infiltration, shell is set to become C/C composite skeletons, the porosity of shell is 10%;
(4) molten silicon method of impregnation is used, the sample prepared is put into graphite crucible, is embedded with Si powder, crucible is put into Heated in vacuum drying oven, vacuum drying oven programming rate is 10 DEG C/min, and vacuum is 10Pa in stove, and reaction temperature is 1500 DEG C, reaction Time is 1h, and fine and close C/C-SiC material shells are made;
(5) chemical vapor infiltration is used, obtained fine and close C/C-SiC material shells in (4) step are continued to sink Product silicon carbide layer, sedimentation time 20h, fill out the remaining micro-crack of envelope, the C/C-SiC material shells being fully sealed;
(6) small sircle hole, hole diameter 1mm are opened in material shell bottom;
(7) sample is kept flat in vacuum drying oven, perforate is face-up, and aperture upper part places a buik silicon, and volume is 1 cube Centimetre;
(8) vacuumize, vacuum in stove is reached 10-1Pa, temperature are raised to 1500 DEG C, and vacuum drying oven programming rate is 5 DEG C/ Min, 1h is incubated, is taken out after cooling, obtains C/C-SiC composite vacuum insulation panels.
Embodiment 2
(1) one layer of graphite paper is coated in the outer surface of ceramic fibre core, graphite paper thickness is 50 μm, and the core porosity is 80%;
(2) prefabricated component is formed in graphite paper surface weave carbon fiber skin, prefabricated body thickness is 5mm;
(3) prefabricated component is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, is warming up to 1000 DEG C, be passed through methane, hydrogen, argon gas, By chemical vapor infiltration, shell is set to become C/C composite skeletons, the porosity of shell is 10%;
(4) molten silicon method of impregnation is used, the sample prepared is put into graphite crucible, is embedded with Si powder, crucible is put into Heated in vacuum drying oven, vacuum drying oven programming rate is 10 DEG C/min, and vacuum is 1Pa in stove, and reaction temperature is 1500 DEG C, during reaction Between be 1h, be made fine and close C/C-SiC material shells;
(5) chemical vapor infiltration is used, obtained fine and close C/C-SiC material shells in (4) step are continued to sink Product silicon carbide layer, sedimentation time 30h, fill out the remaining micro-crack of envelope, the C/C-SiC material shells being fully sealed;
(6) small sircle hole, hole diameter 2mm are opened in material shell bottom;
(7) sample is kept flat in vacuum drying oven, perforate is face-up, and aperture upper part places one block of simple glass, volume 1 Cubic centimetre;
(8) vacuumize, vacuum in stove is reached 10-1Pa, temperature are raised to 900 DEG C, and vacuum drying oven programming rate is 10 DEG C/ Min, 1h is incubated, is taken out after cooling, obtains C/C-SiC composite vacuum insulation panels.
The single embodiment of the present invention is above are only, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, all profits The change of unsubstantiality is carried out to the present invention with this design, the behavior for invading the scope of protection of the invention all should be belonged to.In every case it is Any type of letter made without departing from the content of technical solution of the present invention, the technical spirit according to the present invention to above example Single modification, equivalent variations and remodeling, still fall within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of preparation method of C/C-SiC composites vacuum insulation panel, it is characterised in that including following sequential steps:
(1) one layer of graphite paper is coated in the outer surface of low thermal conductivity material core, graphite paper thickness is 30-100 μm, and core is Ceramic foam, ceramic fiber blanket, carbon fiber felt, the core porosity are 70%~90%;
(2) graphite paper surface wrap carbon fiber skin formed prefabricated component, carbon fiber skin be made up of carbon fibre initial rinse fabric or It is made up of the carbon fiber by braiding, prefabricated component thickness is 2-20mm;
(3) prefabricated component is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, is warming up to 900-1200 DEG C, be passed through propylene, methane, hydrogen, Argon gas, nitrogen, carbon caused by propylene, methane decomposition is penetrated into carbon fiber skin by chemical vapor infiltration, makes carbon fine Dimension shell becomes C/C composite skeletons, and the porosity of C/C composite skeletons is 5%~20%;
(4) molten silicon method of impregnation is used, the sample prepared is put into graphite crucible, is embedded with Si powder, crucible is put into vacuum Heated in stove, vacuum drying oven programming rate is 1-10 DEG C/min, and vacuum is 10 in stove-1- 10Pa, reaction temperature 1450-1550 DEG C, reaction time 1-2h, fine and close C/C-SiC material shells are made;
(5) chemical vapor infiltration is used, obtained fine and close C/C-SiC material shells in (4) step are continued to deposit carbon SiClx layer, sedimentation time 10-30h, fill out the remaining micro-crack of envelope, the C/C-SiC material shells being fully sealed;
(6) small sircle hole, hole diameter 0.1-2mm are opened in material shell bottom;
(7) sample is kept flat in vacuum drying oven, perforate is face-up, and aperture upper part places one block of melt, and the volume of melt is 0.5-1 cubic centimetres;
(8) vacuumize, vacuum in stove is reached below 1Pa, temperature is raised to 900-1750 DEG C, and vacuum drying oven programming rate is 1-10 DEG C/min, 1-2h is incubated, is taken out after cooling, obtains C/C-SiC composite vacuum insulation panels.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Si powders footpath described in step (4) is 10-500 μm.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the melt described in step (7) is buik silicon, common glass One kind in glass, bulk silica.
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CN107323696A (en) * 2017-07-24 2017-11-07 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 A kind of high-temperature vacuum heat insulation composite material with ceramic package
CN107353031A (en) * 2017-07-24 2017-11-17 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 A kind of superhigh temperature vacuum insulation composite of fibre reinforced
CN107365162A (en) * 2017-07-24 2017-11-21 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 The preparation method of the vacuum heat insulation materials used under 1000 DEG C ~ 2200 DEG C hot conditions
CN107504325A (en) * 2017-07-29 2017-12-22 南京航空航天大学 A kind of preparation method of high temperature VIP composites
CN108068432A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-05-25 南京航空航天大学 A kind of preparation method of the low heat conduction high-temperature resistance carbon fiber enhancing carborundum/glass carbon composite vacuum heat-insulating plate of high densification
CN108516858A (en) * 2018-04-20 2018-09-11 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 A kind of high-temperature vacuum heat insulation composite material with ceramic fibre shell
CN109152298B (en) * 2018-09-30 2020-05-08 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 Light temperature control device and manufacturing method thereof
CN112010663B (en) * 2019-06-01 2021-11-19 南京航空航天大学 C/SiC ceramic matrix composite with refractory metal carbide interface and preparation method thereof
US11624287B2 (en) * 2020-02-21 2023-04-11 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Ceramic matrix composite component having low density core and method of making
CN113045325B (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-14 西北工业大学 Preparation method of high-strength carbon/carbon-silicon carbide composite material
CN113149684A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-23 上海骐杰碳素材料有限公司 Carbon-carbon or carbon-ceramic composite material winding preform, product and preparation method thereof

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JP3120884B2 (en) * 1991-12-13 2000-12-25 東芝セラミックス株式会社 SiC coated C / C composite
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