CN105645924B - 一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN105645924B
CN105645924B CN201511026200.5A CN201511026200A CN105645924B CN 105645924 B CN105645924 B CN 105645924B CN 201511026200 A CN201511026200 A CN 201511026200A CN 105645924 B CN105645924 B CN 105645924B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
ceramic material
functional ceramic
sludge
preparation
bentonite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201511026200.5A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN105645924A (zh
Inventor
董良杰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Xintao Environmental Protection Special Materials Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Xintao Environmental Protection Special Materials Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen Xintao Environmental Protection Special Materials Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Xintao Environmental Protection Special Materials Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201511026200.5A priority Critical patent/CN105645924B/zh
Publication of CN105645924A publication Critical patent/CN105645924A/zh
Priority to US15/393,261 priority patent/US10239042B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105645924B publication Critical patent/CN105645924B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
    • B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
    • B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
    • B01J20/28083—Pore diameter being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
    • B01J20/28085—Pore diameter being more than 50 nm, i.e. macropores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28088—Pore-size distribution
    • B01J20/28092—Bimodal, polymodal, different types of pores or different pore size distributions in different parts of the sorbent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/305—Addition of material, later completely removed, e.g. as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing, e.g. for forming pores
    • B01J20/3064—Addition of pore forming agents, e.g. pore inducing or porogenic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32—Burning methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62204—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/638—Removal thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
    • B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C02F2101/322—Volatile compounds, e.g. benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C02F2101/327—Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons [PAH's]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • C04B2235/3218—Aluminium (oxy)hydroxides, e.g. boehmite, gibbsite, alumina sol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
    • C04B2235/405—Iron group metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5454—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof nanometer sized, i.e. below 100 nm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
    • C04B2235/6583—Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures
    • C04B2235/6584—Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures at an oxygen percentage below that of air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

Abstract

本发明涉及一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法和应用，其原料配方为：0.1%~0.5%的铁粉，20%~25%的膨润土，其余为污泥（干重），功能性陶瓷材料具有孔径为1~50纳米的介孔和孔径大于50微米的微孔。膨润土能够将细菌的细胞壁刺破并吸收其水份，使得活性细菌留下一个完整的壳体，在后期较低的温度和厌氧条件下煅烧，细菌的有机物部分形成网状的炭化结构，然后和膨润土一起生成有微孔和介孔的功能性陶瓷材料。铁粉在煅烧过程中形成氧化亚铁、四氧化三铁的复合物，从而将污泥中含有的重金属固定在内部，不析出。本发明的原料以污泥为主，原料成本低，能够以废治废，实现经济循环，此外，本发明煅烧温度低，能耗小，生产成本低。

Description

一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
城市废水处理厂采用活性污泥法处理废水产生大量的多余污泥，我国每年吐出的“脱水污泥”则接近2200万吨，该些污泥主要含有70～80％的细菌、病毒、重金属，并且活性污泥常温下难以干化(数年都不能干燥)，因而无法直接利用。活性污泥中含有的微生物(细菌和病毒)，细菌细胞壁不容易破坏，常规方法只有在温度大于298℃时才发生破裂，在干化过程中消耗大量的能源，因此脱水和减量十分困难。
目前对于这些活性污泥的处理办法有用作堆肥产生肥料、干化填埋、压滤干化焚烧、制作陶瓷滤砖。但是，用作堆肥产生肥料存在重金属析出和病原菌、病毒的问题；干化填埋会污染地下水；压滤干化焚烧产生废气和二恶英，并且消耗大量能源；制作陶瓷滤砖，需要添加50％以上的黏土，消耗资源，成本高，效益低。
申请号为200810238351.0，申请日为2008-12-15的发明涉及一种生化陶瓷及其制备方法与应用。该生化陶瓷是以废水污泥为主料，配加碳酸钙或石膏、黏土、二水氢氧化钙、液体蜡、铁粉或氧化铁粉等辅料缺氧烧制而成。该生化陶瓷必须在1000℃以上的温度下进行煅烧，污泥中的细菌被完全烧掉，因而不会形成模板，也不会形成介孔，从而生化陶瓷不具有介孔，仅具有微孔，该生化陶瓷能够用于水处理中，以去除水体中的TCOD、氨、氧化氨和硫化氢等，也能够用作细菌筛选的生物介质。但是，该生化陶瓷的煅烧温度高，能耗大，成本高，不具有介孔，功能较为单一。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种具有选择吸附功能且功能多样的功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法和应用，该功能性陶瓷材料以污泥为主要原料，制备时能耗小，成本低。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采取的一种技术方案是：
一种功能性陶瓷材料，按重量百分百计，其原料配方为：0.1％～0.5％的铁粉，20％～25％的膨润土，其余为污泥(干重)，所述的功能性陶瓷材料具有孔径为1～50纳米的介孔和孔径大于50微米的微孔。
优选地，所述的铁粉采用粒径为20～80纳米的纳米零价铁。
优选地，所述的污泥为采用活性污泥法处理废水产生的多余污泥。
优选地，所述的功能性陶瓷材料由所述的铁粉、所述的膨润土和所述的污泥经搅拌混合后，在厌氧条件及温度800℃～900℃下煅烧制得。
一种所述的功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法，将所述的铁粉、所述的膨润土和所述的污泥搅拌混合，然后在厌氧条件下、升温至800℃～900℃下，进行煅烧得到所述的功能性陶瓷材料。
优选地，所述的铁粉、所述的膨润土和所述的污泥在0℃～40℃下搅拌混合，搅拌速度为40～80r/min，
优选地，控制所述的搅拌混合的时间为1～4h。
优选地，在830℃～870℃下进行所述煅烧。
优选地，以4～6℃/min的速度进行升温。
优选地，控制所述煅烧的时间为4～6h。
本发明还涉及所述的功能性陶瓷材料用于净化水体或空气的用途。
一种去除或减少海水或废水中的石油残毒和/或铀和/或重金属离子的方法，采用所述的功能性陶瓷材料对海水或废水进行处理。
本发明中，所述的石油残毒指的是苯系物和多环芳烃，其中，苯系物包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、间对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯；多环芳烃包括萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并(G,H,I)苝、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、苊烯。
一种去除或减少水体中COD和/或氨氮的方法，以所述的功能性陶瓷材料为载体，在该载体上培养细菌得到生化陶瓷，并使水体通过该生化陶瓷。
一种去除或减少空气和/或水体中放射性碘-131的方法，采用所述的功能性陶瓷材料对空气和/或水体进行处理。
由于以上技术方案的实施，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
本发明通过采用膨润土，膨润土能够在常温下快速将细菌的细胞壁刺破并吸收其水份，使得活性细菌留下一个完整的壳体，在后期较低的温度和厌氧条件下煅烧，细菌的有机物部分形成网状的炭化结构，然后和膨润土一起生成有微孔和介孔的功能性陶瓷材料，失去水分的细菌实际上成为微观结构的模板，从而生成功能性陶瓷材料的网状介孔部分。铁粉在煅烧过程中形成氧化亚铁、四氧化三铁的复合物，从而将污泥中含有的重金属固定在内部，不析出。本发明的原料以污泥为主，原料成本低，能够以废治废，实现经济循环，此外，本发明的煅烧温度仅为800℃～900℃，煅烧温度低，能耗小，从而使得成产成本低。
由本发明制备得到的功能性陶瓷材料具有选择吸附功能，能应用于废水处理、空气多环芳烃吸附和被污染海水的净化。特别的是，本发明的功能性陶瓷材料能够吸附海水中的石油残毒；能够从海水中吸附铀；能够对废水进行过滤除去废水中的多种重金属(如铅镉汞砷铊铀等)；功能性陶瓷材料中的微孔可以作为细菌生长的载体，从而用于水体过滤、修复去除水体中的COD、氨氮等；能够吸附水体和空气中的放射性碘-131。
附图说明
附图1为实施例1制备的功能性陶瓷材料在1微米标尺下的扫描电镜图；
附图2为实施例1制备的功能性陶瓷材料在500纳米标尺下的扫描电镜图；
附图3为实施例1制备的功能性陶瓷材料在5微米标尺下的扫描电镜图。
附图4为实施例1制备得到的功能性陶瓷材料对As、Cd、Hg、Tl、Pb、U的移除率的淋洗曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明，但本发明不限于以下实施例。以下所涉及的含量在无特别定义时，指的是质量含量。
实施例1
一种功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法为：
将0.3％的粒径为50纳米的纳米零价铁，22％的膨润土，77.7％的污泥，在常温下，以40r/min的搅拌速度搅拌混合3h，然后在厌氧条件下，以5℃/min的速度升温至850℃，进行煅烧6h，得到功能性陶瓷材料。如附图1至3可见，功能性陶瓷材料具有孔径为1～50纳米的介孔和孔径大于50微米的微孔。
实施例2
一种功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法为：
将0.1％的粒径为20纳米的纳米零价铁，25％的膨润土，74.9％的污泥，在常温下，以80r/min的搅拌速度搅拌混合3h，然后在厌氧条件下，以5℃/min的速度升温至870℃，进行煅烧4h，得到功能性陶瓷材料。
实施例3
一种功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法为：
将0.5％的粒径为80纳米的纳米零价铁，20％的膨润土，79.5％的污泥，在常温下，以50r/min的搅拌速度搅拌混合3h，然后在厌氧条件下，以5℃/min的速度升温至830℃，进行煅烧4h，得到功能性陶瓷材料。
一：功能性陶瓷材料对131I吸附性能测试
1、主要试剂和仪器
测试材料：催化微鼻过滤材料MN-10-20-1购自河南天源环保公司；实施例1至3制得的功能性陶瓷材料；
放射性Na131I溶液：活度约为3.79×104Bq；
测试用自来水：取自中国原子能科学研究院工作区；
去离子水：ELIX 3纯水系统生产，美国Millipore公司；
电子天平：PB3002-E型，d＝0.01g，梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司；
分离柱：玻璃材质，柱内径10mm，床高160mm；
低本底反康γ谱仪：HPGe探测器与DSPec谱仪均为美国ORTEC公司出品。
2、实验过程
2.1测试材料预处理
称取测试材料各10.00克，用去离子水浸泡过夜，放置备用。
2.2各材料对131I吸附率的测定
2.2.1将放射性Na131I溶液分成五等份，一份用100ml自来水稀释，直接用于γ谱仪测量，样品编号为DIYYPH2；其它四份用50ml自来水稀释，其pH值约为2，放置备分析用。
2.2.2.湿法装柱装材料MN-10-20-1，分离柱两端用少量聚四氟乙烯丝填充，加入已制备的一份50ml含131I溶液，控制流速为1ml·min-1，再加入50ml自来水淋洗分离柱，合并流出液，γ谱仪测量，样品编号为DI10201PH2。
2.2.3将另外三份Na131I中分别加入已预处理的实施例1至3中制得的功能性陶瓷材料，搅拌吸附20min，过滤；分两次加入25ml自来水，搅拌吸附20min，过滤，收集滤液，γ谱仪测量，样品编号为DISWTPH2-1、DISWTPH2-2、DISWTPH2-3。
3、结果
四种不同材料对131I吸附实验的结果见表1。
表1
二：实施例1制备得到的功能性陶瓷材料对As、Cd、Hg、Tl、Pb、U的移除率
As、Cd、Hg、Tl、Pb、U移除率：参照MOH《生活饮用水水质处理器卫生安全与功能评价规范-一般水质处理器》&EPA200.8ICP/MS。测试结果参见图4。
三：功能性陶瓷材料对原油中苯系物、多环芳烃的吸附能力检测
1、材料
实施例1至3制得的功能性陶瓷材料。
海水取自渤海海滨秦皇岛市黄金海岸翡翠岛和天津滨海。
原油来源于中石油，按原油:海水＝1:100(毫升)人工混合模拟海水被原油污染。
2、苯系物、多环芳烃检测方法：
挥发性苯系物测定：吹扫-捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法。
16种多环芳烃的测定：高效液相色谱法。
3、研究方法：
实验一：
(1)、将石油与海水按1:100的比例充分震荡混合12小时，静置6小时。
(2)、取200毫升油水混合物加入250ml的试剂瓶中，分别加入4克实施例1至3制得的功能性陶瓷材料，在摇床上以100rpm进行震荡，按加入功能性陶瓷材料材料后2、4、8、16、24、36、48、72小时取样密封，4℃倒置保存，样品送中国地质科学研究院国家地质测试中心测定。
实验二：
(1)、将石油与海水按1:100的比例充分震荡混合12小时，静置6小时。
(2)、取3000毫升油水混合物加入3500ml的试剂瓶中，加入60克实施例1制得的功能性陶瓷材料，在摇床上以100rpm进行震荡，按加入功能性陶瓷材料后2、6、14、26、50、74、98小时取样密封，4℃倒置保存，样品送中国地质科学研究院国家地质测试中心测定。
实验三：
(1)、将石油与海水按1:100的比例充分震荡混合12小时，静置6小时。
(2)、取3000毫升油水混合物加入3500ml的试剂瓶中，加入5克实施例1制得的功能性陶瓷材料，在摇床上以100rpm进行震荡，按加入功能性陶瓷材料后2、6、14、26、50、74、98小时取样密封，4℃倒置保存，样品送中国地质科学研究院国家地质测试中心测定。
4、测试结果
实验一的测试结果见表2，实验二的测试结果见表3，实验三的测试结果见表4。
表2
从表2可知，石油与海水混合物中的挥发性苯系物如苯、甲苯、乙苯、间对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯成分在功能性陶瓷材料后2～4小时左右即被完全吸附到检测极限值以下。说明功能性陶瓷材料对石油中的苯系物有很强的吸附能力。
表3
表4
四：实施例1制得的功能性陶瓷材料对石油中苯系物质的吸附潜力
为测定功能性陶瓷材料对原油中苯系物等的吸附潜力，依据以下公式计算了功能性陶瓷材料对苯系物的吸附能力：
K＝(A×V)/M
其中，K为每克功能性陶瓷材料吸附苯系物质的量，A为苯系物质的浓度减少值，V为体积(3000ml)，M为功能性陶瓷材料的克数。计算结果如表5和表6所示。
表5
60g/3000mL 5g/3000mL
挥发性有机物 K(mg/g) K(mg/g)
苯 0.586 3.029
甲苯 0.258 0.819
乙苯 0.017 0
间对二甲苯 0.061 0
邻二甲苯 0.038 0.235
苯乙烯 0 0
总和 0.960 4.086
表6
从上述结果可以看出，在向3000mL原油：海水(1：100)混合物中加入60g和5g功能性陶瓷材料时，功能性陶瓷材料对原油中的苯系物吸附能力很高，对挥发性苯系物的吸附能力分别可达0.96mg/g和4.086mg/g，对半挥发性多环芳烃等苯系物的吸附能力分别可达104.765纳克(ng)/克(g)和21.519微克(μg)/克(g)。同时，结果也表明，在减少功能性陶瓷材料用量的情况下，仍然可以达到非常好的吸附效果。此外，结果还表明，功能性陶瓷材料可能仍然具有更高的吸附潜力。
以上对本发明做了详尽的描述，其目的在于让熟悉此领域技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，凡根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (12)

1.一种功能性陶瓷材料，其特征在于：按重量百分百计，其原料配方为：0.1%~0.5%的铁粉，20%~25%的膨润土，其余为污泥，其中，所述的污泥以干重计，所述的功能性陶瓷材料具有孔径为1~50纳米的介孔和孔径大于50微米的微孔，所述的功能性陶瓷材料由所述的铁粉、所述的膨润土和所述的污泥经搅拌混合后，在厌氧条件及温度800℃~900℃下煅烧制得，所述的铁粉采用粒径为20~80纳米的纳米零价铁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功能性陶瓷材料，其特征在于：所述的污泥为采用活性污泥法处理废水产生的多余污泥。
3.一种如权利要求1至2中任一项所述的功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：将所述的铁粉、所述的膨润土和所述的污泥搅拌混合，然后在厌氧条件下、升温至800℃~900℃下，进行煅烧得到所述的功能性陶瓷材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的铁粉、所述的膨润土和所述的污泥在0℃~40℃下搅拌混合，搅拌速度为40~80r/min。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：控制所述的搅拌混合的时间为1~4h。
6.根据权利要求3所述的功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：在830℃~870℃下进行所述煅烧。
7.根据权利要求3或6所述的功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：以4~6℃/min的速度进行升温。
8.根据权利要求3所述的功能性陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：控制所述煅烧的时间为4~6h。
9.权利要求1至2中任一项所述的功能性陶瓷材料用于净化水体或空气的用途。
10.一种去除或减少海水或废水中的石油残毒和/或铀和/或重金属离子的方法，其特征在于：采用如权利要求1至2中任一项权利要求所述的功能性陶瓷材料对海水或废水进行处理。
11.一种去除或减少水体中COD和/或氨氮的方法，其特征在于：以如权利要求1至2中任一项所述的功能性陶瓷材料为载体，在该载体上培养细菌得到生化陶瓷，并使水体通过该生化陶瓷。
12.一种去除或减少空气和/或水体中放射性碘-131的方法，其特征在于：采用如权利要求1至2中任一项所述的功能性陶瓷材料对空气和/或水体进行处理。
CN201511026200.5A 2015-12-30 2015-12-30 一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法及应用 Active CN105645924B (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201511026200.5A CN105645924B (zh) 2015-12-30 2015-12-30 一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法及应用
US15/393,261 US10239042B2 (en) 2015-12-30 2016-12-29 Method for producing a functional ceramic material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201511026200.5A CN105645924B (zh) 2015-12-30 2015-12-30 一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法及应用

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN105645924A CN105645924A (zh) 2016-06-08
CN105645924B true CN105645924B (zh) 2018-09-18

Family

ID=56491039

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201511026200.5A Active CN105645924B (zh) 2015-12-30 2015-12-30 一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法及应用

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US10239042B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN105645924B (zh)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA3037009A1 (en) * 2016-09-26 2018-03-29 Mesofilter Inc. Filtration medium for removal or inactivation of microorganisms from water
CN107442067A (zh) * 2017-08-24 2017-12-08 赣州艺佳兴陶瓷有限公司 用于吸附重金属的多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法
CN107362769B (zh) * 2017-09-04 2020-10-02 南京乐透思环保科技有限公司 一种复合材料及制备方法与其在污水生化处理中的应用
CN110508242A (zh) * 2019-06-12 2019-11-29 董良杰 一种生物陶复合材料及其袋装产品、制备方法和应用
CN113322114B (zh) * 2021-05-07 2023-01-03 宁夏亘峰嘉能能源科技股份有限公司 一种煤矸石基型煤固硫剂

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101475362A (zh) * 2008-12-15 2009-07-08 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 一种生化陶瓷及其制备方法与应用
CN103386231A (zh) * 2013-07-12 2013-11-13 苏州微陶重金属过滤科技有限公司 一种家用过滤器滤芯材料及其制备方法
CN104556308A (zh) * 2014-12-12 2015-04-29 江苏省陶瓷研究所有限公司 一种水处理用多元微电解陶瓷制作方法
JP2015193489A (ja) * 2014-03-31 2015-11-05 株式会社クボタ 窒化ケイ素系多孔体およびその製造方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4677086A (en) * 1984-05-18 1987-06-30 Westvaco Corporation Shaped wood-based active carbon
DE69102405T2 (de) * 1990-12-13 1994-09-29 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Aktivkohlesubstanz, Herstellungsverfahren und Anwendung.
CN103189334A (zh) * 2010-09-16 2013-07-03 小松精练株式会社 多孔陶瓷烧结体
CN103274757B (zh) * 2013-06-07 2014-06-25 苏磊 一种高效滤除放射性碘和铯的功能陶瓷材料及其制备方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101475362A (zh) * 2008-12-15 2009-07-08 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 一种生化陶瓷及其制备方法与应用
CN103386231A (zh) * 2013-07-12 2013-11-13 苏州微陶重金属过滤科技有限公司 一种家用过滤器滤芯材料及其制备方法
JP2015193489A (ja) * 2014-03-31 2015-11-05 株式会社クボタ 窒化ケイ素系多孔体およびその製造方法
CN104556308A (zh) * 2014-12-12 2015-04-29 江苏省陶瓷研究所有限公司 一种水处理用多元微电解陶瓷制作方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105645924A (zh) 2016-06-08
US10239042B2 (en) 2019-03-26
US20170189889A1 (en) 2017-07-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105645924B (zh) 一种功能性陶瓷材料、其制备方法及应用
Luo et al. Sorption of norfloxacin, sulfamerazine and oxytetracycline by KOH-modified biochar under single and ternary systems
Ghosh et al. Adsorption of methylene blue on kaolinite
Shavandi et al. Removal of Fe (III), Mn (II) and Zn (II) from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by natural zeolite
Pan et al. Characteristics of adsorbents made from biological, chemical and hybrid sludges and their effect on organics removal in wastewater treatment
Anirudhan et al. Removal and recovery of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions by amine functionalized epichlorohydrin-grafted cellulose
Katsou et al. Use of ultrafiltration membranes and aluminosilicate minerals for nickel removal from industrial wastewater
Kosobucki et al. Immobilization of selected heavy metals in sewage sludge by natural zeolites
Wu et al. Contrasting effect of lanthanum hydroxide and lanthanum carbonate treatments on phosphorus mobilization in sediment
Kulkarni Removal of organic matter from domestic waste water by adsorption
Karanac et al. Efficient multistep arsenate removal onto magnetite modified fly ash
Ren et al. Biosorption of tetradecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride on activated sludge: kinetic, thermodynamic and reaction mechanisms
Chaari et al. Use of clay to remove heavy metals from Jebel Chakir landfill leachate
Xiao et al. Magnetically recoverable Ni@ carbon nanocomposites: solid-state synthesis and the application as excellent adsorbents for heavy metal ions
He et al. Removal of vanadium from vanadium-containing wastewater by amino modified municipal sludge derived ceramic
Viglašová et al. Engineered biochar as a tool for nitrogen pollutants removal: Preparation, characterization and sorption study
Yu et al. Magnetic SN-functionalized diatomite for effective removals of phenols
Wang et al. Phosphate adsorption performance of a novel filter substrate made from drinking water treatment residuals
Detho et al. COD and ammoniacal nitrogen reduction from stabilized landfill leachate using carbon mineral composite adsorbent
Aziz et al. Comparative study on the adsorption efficiency of two different local clays for the cationic dye; application for adsorption of methylene blue from medical laboratories wastewater
Zhou et al. Characterizing the correlation between dephosphorization and solution pH in a calcined water treatment plant sludge
Wang et al. Effect of hydrogen sulfide on phosphorus lability in lake sediments amended with drinking water treatment residuals
Yang et al. The removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution by the anaerobically digested sewage sludge with hydrothermal pretreatment
Elouear et al. The use of exhausted olive cake ash (EOCA) as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions
Ngouateu et al. Kinetics and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of phenol and methylene blue onto cola nut shell based activated carbon

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant