CN105638701B

CN105638701B - Nematicidal composition and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN105638701B
Application number: CN201510872777.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·T·布里斯托
Original assignee: Rotam Agrochem International Co Ltd
Current assignee: Rotam Agrochem International Co Ltd
Priority date: 2014-12-02
Filing date: 2015-12-02
Publication date: 2022-05-13
Anticipated expiration: 2035-12-02
Also published as: WO2016086727A1; BR102015030206A2; TWI714542B; CN105638701A; GB2532955A; TW201628500A; GB2532955B; AR102565A1; GB201421381D0

Abstract

The invention relates to a nematicidal composition containing thiodicarb. The invention also relates to a method and use of thiodicarb in controlling nematodes and enhancing the growth of plants and/or plant parts.

Description

Nematicidal composition and application thereof

The invention relates to a nematicidal composition. The invention also relates to the use of the above-mentioned compositions for controlling nematodes, including Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachypus, Meloidogyne parvus, Meloidogyne incognita, cyst nematodes soyabean, reniform reniformis, and for increasing the growth of plants and/or plant parts.

Nematodes are small worms that are almost transparent and invisible to the naked eye. The nematodes are typically 0.3 to 3.0 millimeters in length. Despite its small size, nematodes cause losses of about 12% of the produce annually, which corresponds to millions of dollars in losses in crops (SASSER & FRECKMAN, 1987). Nematodes usually feed on the roots or shoots of plants. They reduce the absorption and transport of moisture and nutrients. A range of plants can be infested with nematodes including crops such as sugar cane, soybean, corn, coffee and cotton. Nematodes infest the field in a spotted/short forest form and spread very little in the field. Plants infested with nematodes may exhibit symptoms of malnutrition and reduced growth compared to healthy plants. Confirmation of nematode presence requires sampling of soil and roots and laboratory analysis.

Existing methods for controlling nematodes are very limited. As an example of a commonly applied treatment, the contaminated soil is heated with steam. However, steam treatment is technically difficult and too costly for general application in this field.

Accordingly, there is a great need for improved techniques for controlling nematodes in crops, in particular for nematicidal compositions and methods for controlling nematodes and other plant pests and pathogens. It would be advantageous if the nematicidal compositions could be conveniently used and manufactured at low cost compared to existing treatment techniques.

It has now been surprisingly found that thiodicarb exhibits high activity in controlling nematodes in a range of plants, including pratylenchus maydis, meloidogyne javanicus, pratylenchus praecox, meloidogyne parvus, meloidogyne incognita, cyst of soybean, reniform nematodes. Thiodicarb has been found to be particularly effective in controlling nematodes in non-transgenic plants such as sugarcane, soybean, cotton, corn and coffee. In addition, nematicidal compositions comprising thiodicarb have also been found to promote the growth of plants and/or plant parts.

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a nematicidal composition for controlling nematodes in a plant, the composition comprising thiodicarb.

In another aspect, the invention provides the use of thiodicarb to control nematodes in plants.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method of controlling nematodes in plants at a locus, the method comprising applying thiodicarb to the locus.

In addition, the present invention provides a method of promoting the growth of a plant or plant part comprising applying thiodicarb to the plant or plant part.

The invention further provides the use of thiodicarb to promote the growth of a plant or plant part.

Thiodicarb, whose chemical name is 3,7,9, 13-tetramethyl-5, 11-dioxa-2, 8, 14-trithia-4, 7,9, 12-tetra-azapentadeca-3, 12-diene-6, 10-dione, is a carbamate with the following chemical structure:

thiodicarb is reported as an insecticide by a.a. sousa et al (j.econ.entomol.,1977,70,803), which is reviewed by h.s.yang & d.e.thurman (proc.br.crop. conf. -pens dis.,1981,3, 687).

"plant" as used herein refers to all plants and plant populations, such as desired or undesired wild plants, crops, non-transgenic plants, but transgenic plants are not included.

"plant part", as used herein, refers to all parts and organs of a plant, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stems, trunks, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. Harvested material is also included, as are vegetative and generative propagation material, for example, cuttings, tubers, meristems, rhizomes, lateral shoots, seeds, single and multiple plant cells, and any other plant tissue.

As used herein, "surrounding" refers to the location where the plant is growing, the location where the plant propagation material of the plant is sown, or the location where the plant propagation material of the plant is to be sown.

As used herein, "nematode" refers to a plant nematode, i.e., a nematode that is parasitic to a plant and causes damage to the plant. Plant nematodes encompass nematodes that are parasitic to plants as well as nematodes that live in the soil.

"promoting growth" or "increasing growth" refers to a measurable increase in growth of a plant as compared to the growth of the same plant under the same conditions but without application of the nematicidal composition of the invention.

Application of the compositions or methods of the invention can increase the growth of a plant by at least about 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 150%, or 200%.

In addition, the present invention can be used to increase the yield of protected plants. Yield can be measured by, but is not limited to: the yield of the product; plant weight, fresh weight of the plant or any plant part, dry weight of the plant or any plant part, specific ingredients contained by the plant including, but not limited to, sugar content, starch content, oil content, protein content, vitamin content, leaf area, stem volume, plant height, branch height, root length, shoot fresh material, root fresh material, or any method apparent to one skilled in the art.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a nematicidal composition comprising an effective amount of thiodicarb for controlling and combating nematodes in plants. The compositions are particularly effective for controlling pratylenchus maydis, meloidogyne javanica, pratylenchus praecox, meloidogyne pumilus, meloidogyne incognita, cystokinis sojae, reniform nematodes in plants, plant parts and/or their surroundings.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling and combating nematodes in plants by applying to the plant, plant part or surroundings thereof a nematicidally amount of thiodicarb. As mentioned above, the method is particularly effective in controlling C.zeae, C.javanicus, C.brachypus, C.pumilus, C.sojae and reniform.

By applying the compositions or methods of the present invention to plants, plant parts, or their surroundings, the growth and/or yield of the plants is increased. Thus, the compositions and methods of the present invention are also believed to improve the growth and/or yield of plants.

In one embodiment, plants treated by the methods and compositions, or their surroundings, are infected by nematodes, especially the nematodes mentioned above.

In the present invention, nematodes are controlled in plants by the application of thiodicarb. Thiodicarb is typically administered in a composition. Thiodicarb can be present in the composition in any suitable amount. In some embodiments of the invention, thiodicarb is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 90% by weight, preferably from about 10% to about 85% by weight, and more preferably from about 20% to about 80% by weight.

The nematicidal compositions and methods of the invention are suitable for treatment of plants in a wide range of crops, including cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops; fruits such as pomes, stone fruits and small stone-free fruits such as apples, grapes, pears, plums, peaches, apricots, pistachios, and cherries, and berries such as strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries; leguminous plants such as beans, lentils, peas and soybeans; sugar cane; oil plants such as rape, mustard, and sunflower; cucurbitaceae such as cucurbits, cucumbers and watermelons; fiber plants such as cotton, flax, hemp, and jute; citrus such as citrus unshiu, citrus (citrus citron), citrus hybrids (including grapefruit, tangelo, and tangerine), pomelo, kumquat, lemon, lime, mandarin (orange), bitter orange, sweet orange, shaddock, and satsuma mandarin; vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrot, onion, tomato, potato, and red pepper; coffee; and ornamentals such as flowers, e.g., roses, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens, e.g., conifers.

In some embodiments, the nematicidal compositions and methods of the invention are applied to non-transgenic plants. In certain embodiments, the nematicidal compositions and methods of the present invention are used to treat legumes, sugar cane, fiber plants, cereals, and coffee. In some embodiments, the nematicidal compositions and methods of the present invention are used to treat soybeans, sugar cane, cotton, corn and coffee.

In particular, the nematicidal compositions and methods of the invention are useful for controlling nematodes and other plant pests and pathogens such as pratylenchus maydis, meloidogyne javanicus, pratylenchus praecox, meloidogyne parvus, meloidogyne incognita, cystenorhabditis sojae, reniform nematodes in soybean, sugarcane, cotton, corn and coffee.

The nematicidal compositions comprising thiodicarb may optionally comprise one or more adjuvants. The adjuvant used in the nematicidal composition will depend on the type of formulation and/or the manner of application of the formulation by the end user. Formulations incorporating the nematicidal compositions of the present invention are described hereinafter. Suitable adjuvants which may be included in the compositions of the invention are all conventional formulation adjuvants or components such as extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, defoamers, antifreeze agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid binders and inert fillers. Suitable adjuvants are known in the art and are commercially available. Their use in the formulation of the compositions of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

The nematicidal composition may comprise one or more inert fillers. The inert fillers are known in the art and are commercially available. Suitable fillers are in solid form and include, for example, natural ground minerals such as kaolin, alumina, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, or synthetic ground minerals such as highly dispersed silicic acid, alumina, silicates, and calcium phosphate, and calcium hydrogen phosphate. Suitable inert fillers for granules include, for example, crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, or granules of synthetic inorganic and organic finely ground materials, and granules of organic materials, such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks.

The nematicidal composition may comprise one or more surfactants, which are preferably nonionic, cationic and/or anionic in nature, and surfactant mixtures having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties, depending on the nature of the active compound to be formulated. Suitable surfactants are known in the art and are commercially available. Suitable anionic surfactants may be referred to as water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds. Useful soaps include higher fatty acids (C)₁₀To C₂₂) Alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts of, for example, oleic acid or stearic acid or the sodium or potassium salts of natural fatty acid mixtures. The surfactant may be an emulsifier, dispersant or wetting agent of ionic or non-ionic type. Examples which may be used are salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of lignosulfonic acids, salts of benzenesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acids, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (especially alkylphenols), salts of sulfosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (especially alkyltaurates), or phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated phenols or alcohols. When the active compound and/or inert carrier and/or adjuvant/adjuvant is not soluble in water and the carrier for the final application of the composition is water, it is generally desirable to have at least one surfactant present.

The nematicidal composition may comprise one or more polymeric stabilizers. Suitable polymeric stabilizers that may be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers of mono-and diolefins, polyacrylates, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethanes, or polyamides. Suitable stabilizers are known in the art and are commercially available.

In general, the surfactants and polymeric stabilizers described above are believed to impart stability to the composition, thereby allowing formulation, storage, transport, and application of the composition.

Suitable anti-foaming agents for use in the composition include all materials which may be conventionally used in agrochemicals for this purpose. Suitable defoamers are known in the art and are commercially available. Particularly preferred defoamers are mixtures of polydimethylsiloxanes and perfluoroalkylphosphonic acids, for example silicone defoamers available from GE corporation or Compton corporation (Compton).

Suitable organic solvents can be selected from all customary organic solvents which are capable of completely dissolving the active compounds used. Likewise, suitable organic solvents for the active ingredient are known in the art. The following may be considered as preferred substances: n-methylpyrrolidone, N-octylpyrrolidone, cyclohexyl-1-pyrrolidone; or a mixture of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics (usually as solvasso)^TM200) was obtained. Suitable solvents are commercially available.

Suitable preservatives for use in the compositions include all materials which may be conventionally used in agrochemical compositions of this type to achieve this purpose and are likewise well known in the art. Suitable examples which may be mentioned include

(from Bayer AG) and

(from Bayer corporation).

Suitable antioxidants are all substances which can be used conventionally in agrochemical compositions to achieve this purpose, as is known in the art. Butylated hydroxytoluene is preferred.

Suitable thickeners include all materials conventionally used in agrochemical compositions for this purpose, such as xanthan gum, PVOH, cellulose and its derivatives, clay hydrous silicates, magnesium aluminum silicates or mixtures thereof. Likewise, such thickeners are known in the art and are commercially available.

The nematicidal composition further comprises one or more solid adhesion agents. Such adhesives are known in the art and are commercially available. It includes organic adhesives, including tackifiers such as cellulose or substituted celluloses, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or meshes, and inorganic adhesives such as gypsum, silica or cement.

Furthermore, depending on the formulation, the composition of the invention may also comprise water.

In some embodiments of the invention, thiodicarb may be applied and used in pure form, or more preferably, in combination with at least one adjuvant as described above.

The nematicidal compositions of the invention may be formulated in different ways depending on their use. Suitable formulation types are known in the art and include soluble Solution (SL), Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC), aqueous Emulsion (EW), Microemulsion (ME), oil suspension (OD), suspended seed coating (FS), water dispersible granule (WG), Soluble Granule (SG), water dispersible powder (WP), Soluble Powder (SP), Granule (GR), micro-Capsule Granule (CG), Fine Granule (FG), macro-granule (GG), Suspoemulsion (SE), micro-Capsule Suspension (CS), and micro-granule (MG). Preferred formulation types include suspending agents (SC) and water dispersible granules (WG).

The nematicidal compositions of the invention may also comprise other active ingredients for achieving a particular effect, for example bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, molluscicides or herbicides. Alternatively, thiodicarb can be used in combination with one or more similar active ingredients in the methods of the present invention. Suitable compounds providing the above activities are known in the art and are commercially available. The other active ingredients and thiodicarb may be administered together, for example as separate compositions as described above; or separately, e.g., simultaneously or sequentially to the surroundings.

In the methods of the invention, thiodicarb can be applied to the target plant or plant of interest, one or more plant parts, or the surroundings thereof, for example, in the manner of the nematicidal compositions of the invention.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling nematodes and other plant pests and pathogens around a plant comprising applying to the surroundings a nematicidal composition comprising thiodicarb.

As mentioned above, the use of thiodicarb is effective in enhancing the growth of plants and/or plant parts, thereby enhancing the yield of the plants; the thiodicarb is used, for example, in the form of a nematicidal composition of the invention containing an effective amount of thiodicarb. The method of enhancing the growth of plants and/or plant parts comprises applying to the plants, plant parts and/or their surroundings a nematicidal composition comprising an effective amount of thiodicarb. In some embodiments, growth is increased/promoted by at least about 5%. In other embodiments, growth is increased/promoted by at least about 10%. In some embodiments, growth is increased/promoted by at least about 20%. In certain embodiments, growth is increased/promoted by at least about 50%.

In general, the nematicidal compositions may be prepared and applied by applying the nematicidal compositions of thiodicarb in any suitable ratio as required by the locus to be treated. The application rate can be within a wide range and depends on the following factors: soil quality, type of application (foliar application; seed dressing; application to the seed trench), target crop plants, nematodes to be controlled, prevailing weather conditions in each case, and other factors which are dependent on the type of application, the application time and the target crop. Typically, the application rate is from 1 to about 3000 graham (g/ha), especially from 100 to 3000 g/ha, preferably from 200 to 2500 g/ha.

According to the method of the invention, the nematicidal composition comprising thiodicarb may be applied in any suitable form as described above, and the application to the locus where control is desired is in the form of a single treatment or a series of treatments, preferably at short intervals, for example on the same day. Preferably the nematicidal composition is applied a plurality of times, especially 2 to 5 times, more preferably 3 times.

According to the method of the invention, the nematicidal composition may be applied at any suitable time. In some embodiments of the invention, the nematicidal composition is applied to the plant environment before, during, or after planting. Such treatments may be carried out by conventional methods known in the art, such as drip irrigation, spraying, and soil fumigation. In some embodiments, the nematicidal composition is applied to a plant propagation material such as a seed, e.g., a seed coating. These application methods and corresponding application machines are known in the art.

Embodiments of the present invention are described by the following examples for illustrative purposes only. In the present specification and claims, percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

Formulation examples

EXAMPLE 1 soluble agent (SL)

Thiodicarb is mixed in the amounts shown in the following table,

And N-methyl pyrrolidone to obtain a homogeneous solution.

EXAMPLE 2 Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC)

An emulsifiable concentrate was prepared having the composition shown in the following table:

EXAMPLE 3 Water dispersible powder (WP)

Water dispersible powders were prepared having the composition shown in the following table:

example 4 Water dispersible granule (WG)

Water dispersible granule formulations having the following compositions summarized in the table below were prepared:

from the water dispersible granules, an aqueous suspension of the desired concentration is obtained by diluting the water dispersible granules with an appropriate amount of water.

EXAMPLE 5 suspending agent (SC)

Aqueous suspension formulations were prepared having the compositions shown in the following table:

example 6 Water dispersible granules (WG)

Water dispersible granule formulations having the compositions summarized in the following table were prepared:

example 7 Water dispersible granule (WG)

Water dispersible granules having the composition shown in the following table were prepared:

example 8 suspended seed coating agent (FS)

A suspended seed coating having the composition shown in the following table was prepared:

example 9 Water dispersible granules (WG)

example 10 emulsion in water (EW)

An aqueous emulsion formulation was prepared having the composition shown in the following table:

EXAMPLE 11 suspending agent (SC)

Suspension formulations were prepared having the compositions shown in the following table:

biological examples

Example 1 sugarcane-corn pratylenchus

Nematode inoculants were prepared from a pure subpopulation of corn Pratylenchus zeae (Pratylenchus zeae) recovered from sugarcane crops located in papaemb u. This pure subpopulation was propagated by corn plants (Zea mays L.) "DKB 390 PRO" in clay containers in a greenhouse. This subset was previously characterized based on the morphological characteristics of adult females fixed in temporary mounts by using dichotomy keys (dichotomic keys) created by SANTOS et al (2005).

A 3mL sample of the composition represented in table 1 was applied evenly on the soil and near the roots of the sugarcane plants. Thereafter, the roots of the sugarcane plants were inoculated with 10mL suspensions containing pratylenchus maydis at different developmental stages, after which the roots were covered with soil. This was repeated 5 times.

TABLE 1

Phytotoxicity of the treatment was evaluated after 15 days and 30 days. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on sugarcane plants.

The sugarcane plants were examined for shoot height and plant shoot freshness 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2.

The number of pratylenchus maydis in different developmental stages in 10 grams of root samples of the sugarcane plants was counted after 45 and 90 days. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3.

It can be seen that treatment of sugarcane plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced nematode numbers compared to the control group. Sugarcane plants showed significantly stronger shoot growth after treatment with thiodicarb compared to the control group.

Example 2 sugarcane-corn pratylenchus

A 3mL sample of the composition represented in table 4 was applied evenly on the soil and in the vicinity of the roots of the plants. Thereafter, the roots of the sugarcane plants at different developmental stages were inoculated with 10mL of a suspension containing pratylenchus maydis, after which the roots were covered with soil. This was repeated 5 times.

Table 4.

Sample (I)	Content (number of thiodicarb per hectare)
		1. Thiobiwei 350SC (6L/ha)	2100
2. Control (with nematode)	0

The number of nematode eggs in the roots of the plants was counted 135 days after inoculation. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

Table 5.

It can be seen that treatment of sugarcane plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced nematode egg counts compared to the control group.

Example 3 sugarcane-Meloidogyne javanica and pratylenchus maydis

Nematode inocula were prepared from a pure subpopulation of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne japonica) retained from soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in clay containers in a greenhouse. This subgroup was previously identified based on the perineal surface-like topographic features prepared by TAYLOR and NETSCHER (1974), based on the topography of the oral region of the male (EISENSBACK et al, 1981), and based on the isozyme phenotype of the esterase obtained by the technique of ESBENSHADE and TRIANTAPHYLLOU (1990) using the conventional vertical electrophoresis system, namely Mini protein II of Berloda, BIO-RAD.

A 3mL sample of the composition summarized in table 6 below was applied uniformly on the soil and in the vicinity of the roots in the proportions shown in the table. After this, the roots of the sugarcane plants were inoculated with 10mL of a suspension containing 5000 eggs (pratylenchus maydis and meloidogyne javanica) and juvenile second-stage meloidogyne javanica, after which the roots were covered with soil. This was repeated 5 times. In addition, according to the analysis, meloidogyne javanica and pratylenchus maydis were also found in the suspension of the extracted roots.

Table 6.

The sugarcane plants were examined for shoot height 100 days after application. The results are shown in Table 7 below.

Table 7.

The number of meloidogyne javanica in different developmental stages in the roots, the number of meloidogyne javanica in different developmental stages in 10 grams of roots, the number of pratylenchus maydis in different developmental stages in 10 grams of roots, the number of eggs of the nematode in the roots were counted 100 days after application. The results are shown in Table 8 below.

Table 8.

Example 4 Soybean root knot nematode

Nematode inocula were prepared from a pure subpopulation of Meloidogyne javanica (melodogyne javanica) retained from tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in clay containers in a greenhouse. This subgroup was previously identified based on the perineal surface-like topographic features prepared by TAYLOR and NETSCHER (1974), based on the topography of the oral region of the male (EISENSBACK et al, 1981), and based on the isozyme phenotype of the esterase obtained by the technique of ESBENSHADE and TRIANTAPHYLLOU (1990) using the conventional vertical electrophoresis system, namely Mini protein II of Berloda, BIO-RAD.

A suspension comprising eggs and a second juvenile form (J2) was prepared from the roots of the tomatoes. 10mL of suspension was inoculated with eggplant for 22 days. After this, the eggplants were transplanted to pots and kept in the greenhouse. After 100 days, the roots of the eggplant were washed and crushed with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite in a mixer. The suspension was then passed through a 200 mesh (0.074mm opening) screen over 500(0.025mm opening). Eggs and young forms retained on a 500 mesh screen were collected and washed.

Soybean seeds were treated with the compositions shown in table 9. Then, the seeds were inoculated with 3mL of a suspension containing 5000 eggs and young second-stage meloidogyne javanica.

Table 9.

The phytotoxicity of the treatment was evaluated 19 days after sowing. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on soybean plants.

The number of galls on 10 g of roots of soybean plants was counted 52 days after sowing. The results are shown in Table 10 below.

Table 10.

The number of eggs and meloidogyne javanica in 10 g of soybean roots was counted 52 days after sowing. The results are shown in Table 11 below.

Table 11.

The soybean plants were tested for root length 52 days and 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 12 below.

Table 12.

It can be seen that treatment of soybean plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced nematode numbers compared to the control group. Soybean plants showed significantly stronger root growth after treatment with thiodicarb compared to the control group.

Example 5 Coffea-Brevibacterium

Nematode inocula were prepared from a pure subpopulation of Pratylenchus brachyurus retained from soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in clay containers in a greenhouse. This subpopulation was previously identified based on the topography of the perineal surface, on the topography of the oral region, and on the isozyme phenotype of the esterase.

3mL samples of the compositions summarized in Table 13 below were applied uniformly on the soil and near the roots at the application rates shown in the tables. Thereafter, the roots of the young coffee plants were inoculated with 10mL suspensions containing the different developmental stages of pratylenchus praecox, after which the roots were covered with soil. This was repeated 5 times.

Table 13.

Sample (I)	Content (number of thiodicarb per hectare)
		1. Thiodicarb 350SC (650mL)	227.5
2. Thiodicarb 350SC (900mL)	315
		3. Control (with nematode)	0
4. Control (without nematode)	0

Phytotoxicity of the treatment was evaluated after 15 days and 30 days. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on coffee plants.

The coffee plants were tested for root length 52 days and 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 14 below.

Table 14.

The number of pratylenchus praecox in different developmental stages in the roots of coffee plants was counted at 52 and 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 15 below.

Table 15.

It can be seen that treatment of coffee plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced nematode numbers compared to the control group. Coffee plants showed significantly stronger root growth after treatment with thiodicarb compared to the control group.

Example 6 coffee-Meloidogyne parvum

Nematode inocula were prepared from a pure subpopulation of root-knot nematodes (melodogyne exigua) in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in clay containers in a greenhouse. This subpopulation was previously identified based on the topography of the perineal surface, on the topography of the oral region, and on the isozyme phenotype of the esterase.

A 3mL sample of the composition summarized in table 16 was applied evenly on the soil and in the vicinity of the roots at the application rate indicated in the table. Thereafter, the roots of the young coffee plants were inoculated with 10mL of a suspension containing the root knot nematodes at different developmental stages, after which the roots were covered with soil. This was repeated 5 times.

Table 16.

Sample (I)	Content (number of thiodicarb per hectare)
		1. Thiobiwei 350SC (2L/ha)	700
2. Thiobiwei 350SC (4L/ha)	1400
		3. Control (with nematode)	0
4. Control (without nematode)	0

The coffee plants were tested for shoot height 100 days after application. The results are shown in Table 17 below.

Table 17.

The number of root knot nematodes in different developmental stages in the roots of coffee plants was counted at 52 and 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 18 below.

Table 18.

It can be seen that treatment of coffee plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced nematode numbers compared to the control group. Coffee plants showed significantly stronger shoot growth after treatment with thiodicarb compared to the control group.

Example 7 Cotton Meloidogyne incognita

Nematode inocula were prepared from a pure subpopulation of Meloidogyne incognita (melodogyne incognita) in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in clay containers in a greenhouse. This subpopulation was previously identified based on the topography of the perineal surface, on the topography of the oral region, and on the isozyme phenotype of the esterase.

3mL samples of the compositions summarized in Table 19 below were applied uniformly on the soil and near the roots at the application rates shown in the tables. Thereafter, the cotton plant roots were inoculated with 10mL suspensions containing different developmental stages of meloidogyne incognita, after which the roots were covered with soil. This was repeated 5 times.

Table 19.

Sample (I)	Content (number of thiodicarb per hectare)
		1. Thiodicarb 800WG (1.75 kg/hectare)	1400
2. Control (with nematode)	0
		3. Control (without nematode)	0

Phytotoxicity of the treatment was evaluated after 15 days and 30 days. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on cotton plants.

The root material was examined 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 20 below.

Table 20.

The number of galls on 10 g roots was measured 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 21 below.

Table 21.

It can be seen that treatment of cotton plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced nematode numbers compared to the control group. Cotton plants showed significantly stronger root growth after treatment with thiodicarb compared to the control group.

Example 8 Soybean-Soybean cyst nematode

Nematode inocula were prepared from a pure subpopulation of soybean cyst nematodes (Heterodera glycines) retained from soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in clay containers in greenhouses. This subpopulation was previously identified based on the topography of the perineal surface, on the topography of the oral region, and on the isozyme phenotype of the esterase.

A suspension comprising eggs and a second juvenile form (J2) was prepared from the roots of tomatoes. 10mL of suspension was inoculated with eggplant for 22 days. The eggplants were then transplanted to pots and kept in the greenhouse. After 100 days, the roots of the eggplant were washed and crushed with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite in a mixer. The suspension was then passed through a 200 mesh (0.074mm opening) screen over 500(0.025mm opening). Eggs and young forms retained on a 500 mesh screen were collected and washed.

Soybean seeds were treated with the compositions shown in table 22. Then, the seeds were inoculated with 3mL of a suspension containing 5000 eggs and juvenile soybean cyst nematode of second stage.

Table 22.

Sample (I)	Content (ThibisWick per 100 kg seed)
		1. Thiodicarb 350SC (650mL)	227.5
2. Thiodicarb 350SC (900mL)	315
		3. Control (with nematode)	0
4. Control (without nematode)	0

The number of galls on 10 g of roots of soybean plants was counted 52 days after sowing. The results are shown in Table 23 below.

Table 23.

The root length of soybean plants was determined 52 days and 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 24 below.

Table 24.

Example 9 corn-Kidney-shaped Nematoda

Nematode inoculants were prepared from a pure subpopulation of reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis) retained from soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in clay containers in a greenhouse. This subpopulation was previously identified based on the topography of the perineal surface, on the topography of the oral region, and on the isozyme phenotype of the esterase.

A 3mL sample of the composition shown in table 25 was applied evenly over the soil and near the roots at the application rate shown in the table. Thereafter, the roots of the maize plants were inoculated with 10mL suspensions containing reniform nematodes at different developmental stages, after which the roots were covered with soil. This was repeated 5 times.

Table 25.

Phytotoxicity of the treatment was evaluated after 15 days and 30 days. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on corn plants.

The content of root-fresh material was determined 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 26 below.

Table 26.

The number of galls on 10 g roots was measured 90 days after application. The results are shown in Table 27 below.

Table 27.

It can be seen that treatment of corn plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced nematode numbers compared to the control group. Corn plants showed significantly stronger root growth after treatment with thiodicarb compared to the control group.

All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity, it will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this invention that certain changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of controlling root knot nematode javanica and pratylenchus maydis in sugar cane at a location, the method comprising applying to the location a nematicidal composition comprising thiodicarb alone as an active ingredient, wherein the thiodicarb is applied at the location at an application rate of 700 to 1400 grams per hectare.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nematicidal composition comprises thiodicarb in an amount of 1% to 90% by weight.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the nematicidal composition comprises thiodicarb in an amount of 10% to 85% by weight.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the nematicidal composition comprises thiodicarb in an amount of 20% to 80% by weight.

5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the nematicidal composition further comprises one or more extenders, carriers, solvents, stabilizers, defoamers, antifreeze agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adhesion agents or inert fillers.

6. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the nematicidal composition further comprises one or more surfactants.

7. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the composition is formulated as a Soluble Liquor (SL), an Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC), an aqueous Emulsion (EW), a Microemulsion (ME), an oil suspension (OD), a suspended seed coating (FS), a water dispersible granule (WG), a Soluble Granule (SG), a water dispersible powder (WP), a Soluble Powder (SP), a Granule (GR), a micro-Capsule Granule (CG), a Fine Granule (FG), a macro-granule (GG), a Suspoemulsion (SE), a micro-Capsule Suspension (CS), or a micro-granule (MG).