CN105629173B - Estimate the method and apparatus of the state-of-charge SOC of battery - Google Patents
Estimate the method and apparatus of the state-of-charge SOC of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105629173B CN105629173B CN201510974468.5A CN201510974468A CN105629173B CN 105629173 B CN105629173 B CN 105629173B CN 201510974468 A CN201510974468 A CN 201510974468A CN 105629173 B CN105629173 B CN 105629173B
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- battery
- soc
- sufficient standing
- circuit
- preset
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
Abstract
The invention discloses the method and apparatus of state-of-charge SOC for estimating battery a kind of.The described method includes: establishing the equivalent-circuit model of the battery according to the C-V characteristic of the battery；Judge whether the battery meets preset sufficient standing condition according to the equivalent-circuit model established；The SOC of the battery is estimated according to the judging result whether battery meets the preset sufficient standing condition.The method and apparatus of the SOC of estimation battery of the invention can accurately judge voltage extent of rebound, to more accurately estimate the SOC of battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vehicle electric fields, and in particular, to a kind of method and dress of the state-of-charge SOC for estimating battery
It sets.
Background technique
All specially design has battery management system (BMS) to the great-capacity power battery group being equipped on electric car at present, with
The state (including voltage, electric current, temperature, capacity etc.) of battery pack and monomer is monitored and is assessed.
The state-of-charge (State of Charge, SOC) of battery, also known as battery dump energy, representative is that battery uses
The ratio of the capacity of residual capacity and its fully charged state after lying idle for a period of time or for a long time, commonly uses percentage table
Show, value range is 0~1.It indicates that battery discharge is complete as SOC=0, indicates that battery is completely filled with as SOC=1.It is right
It is the critically important function of BMS system that SOC, which carries out estimation,.
At present in vehicle launch, SOC can be estimated by open circuit voltage method.Open circuit voltage method is quiet in vehicle
After setting a period of time, the open-circuit voltage of battery is detected, and estimated using the look-up table for representing open-circuit voltage and SOC corresponding relationship
Count SOC.Existing open circuit voltage method estimation SOC needs guarantee that battery is generally needed by standing for a long time before vehicle launch
It is more than hour to want one, such estimated result is just more accurate.Start if vehicle is not fully parked with a hour, can be used
The SOC stored in system when vehicle last time closes is as current SOC.This estimation method is not enough quickly, accurately.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method and apparatus of SOC for estimating battery a kind of, and this method and device can be accurate
The SOC of ground estimation battery.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides the method for state-of-charge SOC for estimating battery a kind of, this method packet
It includes: establishing the equivalent-circuit model of the battery according to the C-V characteristic of the battery；According to the equivalent-circuit model established
Judge whether the battery meets preset sufficient standing condition；Whether meet the preset sufficient standing according to the battery
The judging result of condition estimates the SOC of the battery.
Optionally, the equivalent-circuit model established is any one in following: thevenin equivalent circuit multistage wears dimension
Southern equivalent circuit.
Optionally, the preset sufficient standing condition includes: U∞-U2< VSet,Wherein, U∞It is infinitely great for time of repose
The open-circuit voltage of Shi Suoshu battery, U2For the current open circuit voltage of the battery, VsetFor predeterminated voltage.
Optionally, the equivalent-circuit model established is multistage thevenin equivalent circuit, described equivalent according to what is established
Circuit model judge the step of whether battery meets preset sufficient standing condition include: following formula set up in the case where,
Determine that the battery meets the preset sufficient standing condition:
Wherein, U1Open-circuit voltage when for battery last time power-off, Δ T is the time of repose, and τ is described multistage wears
Tie up the maximum value in the corresponding multiple time constants of multiple resistance capacitance parallel networks in southern equivalent circuit.
Optionally, the judging result for whether meeting preset sufficient standing condition according to the battery estimates the electricity
The step of SOC in pond includes: in the case where determining that the battery meets the preset sufficient standing condition, according to preset
The look-up table of open-circuit voltage and SOC corresponding relationship estimates the SOC of the battery；And determining that it is described pre- that the battery is unsatisfactory for
If sufficient standing condition in the case where, using the battery last time power off when SOC as the SOC of the battery.
The present invention also provides the devices of state-of-charge SOC for estimating battery a kind of, which includes: to establish module, is used for
The equivalent-circuit model of the battery is established according to the C-V characteristic of the battery；Judgment module, for according to established etc.
Effect circuit model judges whether the battery meets preset sufficient standing condition；Estimation module, for being according to the battery
The no judging result for meeting the preset sufficient standing condition estimates the SOC of the battery.
According to the above technical scheme, to judge whether battery meets by the equivalent-circuit model for the battery established default
Sufficient standing condition, so that whether sufficient standing takes suitable estimation method to estimate SOC according to battery.Therefore, this hair
The method and apparatus of the SOC of bright estimation battery can accurately judge voltage extent of rebound, to more accurately estimate battery
SOC.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will the following detailed description will be given in the detailed implementation section.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention, and constitutes part of specification, with following tool
Body embodiment is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is that the battery discharge that an illustrative embodiments provide stands cell voltage in experiment and changes with time song
Line；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method for the SOC for the estimation battery that an illustrative embodiments provide；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the second order thevenin equivalent circuit for the battery that an illustrative embodiments provide；
Fig. 4 is the voltage curve of the battery constant-current discharge that an illustrative embodiments provide and standing；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that SOC is estimated according to judging result that an illustrative embodiments provide；
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of the device of the SOC for the estimation battery that an illustrative embodiments provide；
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the device of the SOC for the estimation battery that another exemplary embodiment provides；And
Fig. 8 is the block diagram for the estimation module that an illustrative embodiments provide.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, detailed description of the preferred embodiments.It should be understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to restrict the invention.
The open-circuit voltage of usual battery rapid resilient portion voltage of meeting after terminating electric discharge slowly gos up again, Zhi Daoda
To stable electromotive force.Fig. 1 be an illustrative embodiments provide battery discharge stand experiment in cell voltage at any time
Change curve.As shown in Figure 1, cell voltage can first rise in step after battery stops electric discharge, then slowly rebound, voltage is waited until
Rebound needs long time completely, and slowly voltage and time are in certain functional relation in springback process.
Existing open circuit voltage method using the one-to-one relationship between the SOC and open-circuit voltage of battery after sufficient standing come
Estimate SOC.It how long is sufficient standing for battery standing, the time generallyd use is 1~2 hour.But voltage specifically returns
How long also related with the service condition (for example, discharge current, discharge time etc.) before battery bullet is.On in the prior art
State problem, the present invention provides it is a kind of judge battery whether the technical solution of sufficient standing, so as to more accurately utilize
The SOC of open circuit voltage method estimation battery.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method for the SOC for the estimation battery that an illustrative embodiments provide.As shown in Fig. 2, the party
Method the following steps are included:
In step s 11, the equivalent-circuit model of battery is established according to the C-V characteristic of battery.
Wherein, the equivalent-circuit model for establishing battery can more accurately be analyzed to obtain the voltage time after battery standing
Play characteristic.Wherein, the equivalent-circuit model established can be any one in following: Dai Weinan (Thevenin) equivalent electricity
Road, multistage thevenin equivalent circuit etc..The equivalent-circuit model of the above battery can obtain for those skilled in the art, this
It is illustrated by taking second order thevenin equivalent circuit as an example in text.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the second order thevenin equivalent circuit for the battery that an illustrative embodiments provide.Such as Fig. 3 institute
Show, second order thevenin equivalent circuit includes the internal resistance of cell R being connected in series0With two RC parallel network (R1C1And R2C2), it is electronic
Gesture is E, open-circuit voltage U1.After carrying out parameter fitting, it can obtain with battery there is the second order of identical C-V characteristic to wear
Tie up southern equivalent-circuit model.
In step s 12, according to the equivalent-circuit model established judge the battery whether meet it is preset sufficiently it is quiet
Set condition.
When meeting the sufficient standing condition, it can determine that the voltage of battery has been sprung back to a certain degree, it is remaining
Rebound leeway is smaller and can be ignored.The sufficient standing condition can be by being manually arranged, according to the requirement to extent of rebound
Different sufficient standing conditions can be set in difference.
The sufficient standing condition for example may include:
U∞-U2< Vset (1)
Wherein, U∞The open-circuit voltage of battery, U when for time of repose being infinity2For the current open circuit voltage of battery, Vset
For predeterminated voltage.It is, the open-circuit voltage of battery springs back to open-circuit voltage and its difference when time of repose is infinitely great
Less than VsetWhen, U can be used2Carry out approximate substitution U∞, it is believed that battery sufficient standing.
When the established equivalent-circuit model of derivation is multistage thevenin equivalent circuit in detailed below, how to judge that battery is
The no sufficient standing condition met in above-mentioned (1) formula.
Fig. 4 is the voltage curve of the battery constant-current discharge that an illustrative embodiments provide and standing.As shown in figure 4,
AB sections of internal resistance of cell R when being battery constant-current discharge0On partial pressure: UA-UB=IR0；
BC sections:
CD sections: UC-UD=IR0；
DE sections spring back the stage for voltage:
Wherein, UDFor fixed value,It and constant-current discharge electric current before and discharge time phase
It closes.Open-circuit voltage when E is the electromotive force and time of repose infinity of voltage source in equivalent circuit diagram.RpAnd CpIt is respectively more
In multiple RC parallel networks in rank thevenin equivalent circuit, the resistance value and capacitance of dominant RC parallel network.
It is, RpCpBe in the corresponding multiple time constants of multiple RC parallel networks in multistage thevenin equivalent circuit most
Big value, the RpCpIt can be by, using repeatedly standing discharge test is done in temperature, SOC, being fitted by voltage rebound each
It arrives.
If battery last time power-off time is t1, current time t2, open-circuit voltage when battery last time powers off is U1, battery
Current open circuit voltage be U2, then t1And t2All meet DE sections of function of voltage equation:
When being infinity between upon standing,
Wherein, τ=RpCp, t2-t1=Δ T.It is available according to aforesaid equation (1), (2) and (3):
It is, battery meets the sufficient standing condition in equation (1) when the open-circuit voltage of battery meets equation (4).
From the above mentioned, in equation (4), U2For the current open circuit voltage of battery, VsetFor predeterminated voltage, U1It is disconnected for battery last time
Open-circuit voltage when electric, Δ T are time of repose, and τ is that multiple RC parallel networks in multistage thevenin equivalent circuit respectively correspond
Multiple time constants in maximum value.
As an example it is assumed that τ is 300s, VsetFor 0.1V.If time of repose is 5 minutes,
Work as U2-U1When less than 0.172V, then determine that battery has met the condition of sufficient standing.
In this embodiment, need to be arranged open-circuit voltage when power-supply management system record battery last time power-off.
Back to Fig. 2, in step s 13, whether sentencing for the preset sufficient standing condition is met according to the battery
Disconnected result estimates the SOC of the battery.
According to battery, whether sufficient standing estimates the SOC of battery, can be estimated according to open circuit voltage method.Specifically,
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that SOC is estimated according to judging result that an illustrative embodiments provide.As shown in figure 5, according to battery whether
The step of meeting the SOC of the judging result estimation battery of preset sufficient standing condition (step S13), may comprise steps of.
In step S131, in the case where determining that battery meets preset sufficient standing condition, according to preset open circuit
The SOC of the look-up table of voltage and SOC corresponding relationship estimation battery.
In step S132, in the case where determining that battery is unsatisfactory for preset sufficient standing condition, by battery in last time
SOC of the SOC as battery when power-off.
According to the above technical scheme, the present invention improves existing open circuit voltage method, passes through the battery established
Equivalent-circuit model judges whether battery meets preset sufficient standing condition, so that whether sufficient standing is taken according to battery
Suitable estimation method estimates SOC.Therefore, the method for the SOC of estimation battery of the invention can accurately judge that voltage returns
Bullet degree, to accurately estimate the SOC of battery.
The present invention also provides the devices of state-of-charge SOC for estimating battery a kind of.Fig. 6 is that an illustrative embodiments provide
Estimation battery SOC device block diagram.As shown in fig. 6, the device includes establishing module 11, judgment module 12 and estimation mould
Block 13.
Module 11 is established for establishing the equivalent-circuit model of battery according to the C-V characteristic of battery.
Judgment module 12 is used to judge whether battery meets preset sufficient standing according to the equivalent-circuit model established
Condition.
Estimation module 13 is used to whether meet according to battery the judging result estimation battery of preset sufficient standing condition
SOC。
Optionally, the equivalent-circuit model established can be any one in following: thevenin equivalent circuit, multistage
Thevenin equivalent circuit.
Optionally, the preset sufficient standing condition may include:
U∞-U2< Vset
Wherein, U∞The open-circuit voltage of battery, U when for time of repose being infinity2For the current open circuit voltage of battery, Vset
For predeterminated voltage.
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the device of the SOC for the estimation battery that another exemplary embodiment provides.Reality shown in Fig. 7
It applies in mode, the equivalent-circuit model established is multistage thevenin equivalent circuit, and judgment module 12 includes judging submodule
121。
Judging submodule 121 is used in the case where following formula is set up, and it is described preset sufficiently quiet to determine that the battery meets
Set condition:
Wherein, U1Open-circuit voltage when for battery last time power-off, Δ T is the time of repose, and τ is described multistage wears
Tie up the maximum value in the corresponding multiple time constants of multiple resistance capacitance parallel networks in southern equivalent circuit.
Fig. 8 is the block diagram for the estimation module 13 that an illustrative embodiments provide.As shown in figure 8, the estimation module 13
It may include the first estimation submodule 131 and the second estimation submodule 132.
First estimation submodule 131 is used in the case where determining that battery meets preset sufficient standing condition, according to pre-
If open-circuit voltage and SOC corresponding relationship look-up table estimation battery SOC.
Second estimation submodule 132 is used in the case where determining that battery is unsatisfactory for preset sufficient standing condition, will be electric
SOC of SOC of the pond when powering off last time as battery.
About the control device in above embodiment, wherein modules execute the concrete mode of operation related
The embodiment of this method is described in detail, and no detailed explanation will be given here.
According to the above technical scheme, to judge whether battery meets by the equivalent-circuit model for the battery established default
Sufficient standing condition, so that whether sufficient standing takes suitable estimation method to estimate SOC according to battery.Therefore, this hair
The device of the SOC of bright estimation battery can accurately judge voltage extent of rebound, to more accurately estimate the SOC of battery.
It is described the prefered embodiments of the present invention in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, still, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned realities
The detail in mode is applied, within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of letters can be carried out to technical solution of the present invention
Monotropic type, these simple variants all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case where shield, it can be combined in any appropriate way.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
No further explanation will be given for the combination of energy.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for the state-of-charge SOC for estimating battery, this method comprises:
The equivalent-circuit model of the battery is established according to the C-V characteristic of the battery；
Judge whether the battery meets preset sufficient standing condition according to the equivalent-circuit model established；
The SOC of the battery is estimated according to the judging result whether battery meets the preset sufficient standing condition,
Wherein, the preset sufficient standing condition includes:
U∞-U2<Vset
The equivalent-circuit model established is multistage thevenin equivalent circuit, described to be judged according to the equivalent-circuit model established
Whether the battery, which meets the step of preset sufficient standing condition, includes:
In the case where following formula is set up, determine that the battery meets the preset sufficient standing condition:
Wherein, U∞The open-circuit voltage of the battery, U when for time of repose being infinity2For the current open circuit voltage of the battery,
VsetFor predeterminated voltage, U1Open-circuit voltage when powering off for the battery last time, Δ T are the time of repose, and τ is described multistage
The maximum value in the corresponding multiple time constants of multiple resistance capacitance parallel networks in thevenin equivalent circuit.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein it is described according to the battery whether meet it is preset sufficiently it is quiet
It sets the step of the judging result of condition estimates the SOC of the battery and includes:
In the case where determining that the battery meets the preset sufficient standing condition, according to preset open-circuit voltage and SOC
The look-up table of corresponding relationship estimates the SOC of the battery；And
In the case where determining that the battery is unsatisfactory for the preset sufficient standing condition, by the battery when powering off last time
SOC of the SOC as the battery.
3. a kind of device for the state-of-charge SOC for estimating battery, the device include:
Module is established, for establishing the equivalent-circuit model of the battery according to the C-V characteristic of the battery；
Judgment module, for judging whether the battery meets preset sufficient standing item according to the equivalent-circuit model established
Part；
Estimation module, for whether being met described in the judging result estimation of the preset sufficient standing condition according to the battery
The SOC of battery,
Wherein, the preset sufficient standing condition includes:
U∞-U2<Vset
The equivalent-circuit model established is multistage thevenin equivalent circuit, and the judgment module includes:
Judging submodule, for determining that the battery meets the preset sufficient standing condition in the case where following formula is set up:
Wherein, U∞The open-circuit voltage of the battery, U when for time of repose being infinity2For the current open circuit voltage of the battery,
VsetFor predeterminated voltage, U1Open-circuit voltage when powering off for the battery last time, Δ T are the time of repose, and τ is described multistage
The maximum value in the corresponding multiple time constants of multiple resistance capacitance parallel networks in thevenin equivalent circuit.
4. device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the estimation module includes:
First estimation submodule, in the case where determining that the battery meets the preset sufficient standing condition, according to
The look-up table of preset open-circuit voltage and SOC corresponding relationship estimates the SOC of the battery；And
Second estimation submodule, for inciting somebody to action in the case where determining that the battery is unsatisfactory for the preset sufficient standing condition
SOC of SOC of the battery when powering off last time as the battery.
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| CN201510974468.5A CN105629173B (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2015-12-22 | Estimate the method and apparatus of the state-of-charge SOC of battery |
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| CN110967646B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2021-03-30 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | SOC correction method and apparatus, battery management system, and storage medium |
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| CN103616646A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-05 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Method for correcting SOC through OCV-SOC curve |
| CN104007390A (en) * | 2013-02-24 | 2014-08-27 | 快捷半导体(苏州)有限公司 | Battery state of charge tracking, equivalent circuit selection and benchmarking |
| CN104535932A (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2015-04-22 | 吉林大学 | Lithium ion battery charge state estimating method |
| CN104678316A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-06-03 | 北京交通大学 | Method and device for estimating charge state of lithium ion battery |
| CN104714181A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and system for acquiring relationship of voltage and state of charge |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US10664562B2 (en) * | 2013-02-24 | 2020-05-26 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation and University of Connecticut | Battery state of charge tracking, equivalent circuit selection and benchmarking |
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| CN104007390A (en) * | 2013-02-24 | 2014-08-27 | 快捷半导体(苏州)有限公司 | Battery state of charge tracking, equivalent circuit selection and benchmarking |
| CN103616646A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-05 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Method for correcting SOC through OCV-SOC curve |
| CN104714181A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and system for acquiring relationship of voltage and state of charge |
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