CN105628605B - A kind of analysis method of the experimental rig and vibration of shift fork ring for studying synchronizer and the abrasion of sliding block random vibration to mechanism wear coefficient - Google Patents
A kind of analysis method of the experimental rig and vibration of shift fork ring for studying synchronizer and the abrasion of sliding block random vibration to mechanism wear coefficient Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
To the analysis method of mechanism wear coefficient, the present invention is under the conditions of former static test, and new dynamic testing equipment is formed by installing vibrator additional for a kind of shift fork ring for studying synchronizer of present invention offer and the experimental rig of sliding block random vibration abrasion and vibration.The position that needs measure (present invention be to synchronizer in the abrasion of shift fork and sliding block study) measure corresponding experimental data by installing displacement and pressure sensor additional, experimental data, which is transferred in computer, to be stored and is analyzed, and the mathematical model by providing in advance calculates the coefficient of waste, then to obtain a result be displayed on the screen.The present invention enormously simplify workload, moreover since instrument is relatively more fixed, each data deviation drawn is little, while reduces the influence of human factor.The limitation of static wear coefficient in original tradition Archard formula is corrected, extends the application range of Archard formula.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to influence of the vibration to abrasion, more particularly to a kind of shift fork ring for studying synchronizer and sliding block to shake at random
Move the analysis method of the experimental rig worn and vibration to mechanism wear coefficient.
Background technology
The use of the coefficient of waste in Archard formula is all by looking into when calculating wear extent or wear rate under the conditions of non-vibration
Table is chosen, this coefficient of waste obtains in a static condition.If wear extent or wear rate under trying to achieve dynamic condition, show
So more meet reality with the coefficient of waste under dynamic condition.This coefficient reflects vibration frequency, amplitude, power spectral density, shakes
Dynamic direction and the influence for vibrating the factors such as randomness.
The assay method and experimental rig of the coefficient of waste under static conditions are that comparison is more, but in a dynamic condition, when
It is preceding also without appropriate experimental rig.
Under vibration condition, when calculating wear extent or wear rate, since no Dynamic wear coefficient can be looked into, generally use is static
The coefficient of waste substitutes, and then mutually multiplies accumulating the load for vibrating each period and the distance of movement, instead of static load and whole
A stroke, is provided with Archard formula.
For the experimental rig under vibration condition, often substituted with static test device.
During many mechanical movements, the situation of vibration often occurs, and when calculating wear extent or wear rate, lead to
Frequently with the coefficient of waste under static conditions, this does not obviously meet actual conditions.In actual condition, this influence is sometimes still very
Big, this patent is exactly to solve the problems, such as this.Existed by installing vibrator additional on the experimental provision of the present invention come analog mechanical device
The vibration of emerged in operation, and experimental data is measured by sensor, then carried out on computers using the software of establishment
Calculate, so as to calculate the coefficient of waste of mechanical device under vibrating conditions.
Wear extent in the case where calculating vibration condition or the more commonly used technology of wear rate at present, are to utilize tradition
Archard formula, still using the static coefficient of waste, provide wear extent or wear rate.The shortcomings that this method is not account for
The influence of the factors such as the direction of vibration, the randomness of vibration and mode, also all it is manually to tear open in the case of actual wear measurement
Experimental rig is unloaded, then takes out wearing terrain manual measurement, waste of manpower, material resources, financial resources, the experimental data measured also can be because of people
And it is different, float very big.Therefore, it is drawing the result is that with actually there is larger error.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to study the vibration in actual condition to provide the influence of abrasion a kind of research synchronously
The experimental rig of shift fork ring and sliding block the random vibration abrasion of device and vibration are to the analysis method of mechanism wear coefficient.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：A kind of shift fork ring for studying synchronizer and the examination of sliding block random vibration abrasion
Experiment device, the babinet of synchronizer is installed on experimental bench, in the lower surface of the babinet or the first side and following table of babinet
Be provided with vibrator mandril on the lower surface and second side of face or babinet, the end of vibrator mandril by load guide rod with
Vibrator connects, and the vibrator is installed on vibrator seat, and first side and the second side of the babinet are adjacent casees
Two sides of body, signal receiver is provided with the shift fork ring of synchronizer, and signal hair is provided with the sliding block of synchronizer
Emitter, is additionally provided with three piezoresistive pressure sensors, the signal projector, letter on the surface of shift fork ring and shoe contact
Number receiver and three piezoresistive pressure sensors are connected by data line with exterior data collecting card respectively, and data are adopted
Truck is connected with computer.
A kind of analysis method vibrated to mechanism wear coefficient,
The first step：The foundation of mathematics computing model：
In the synchronizer course of work, produced relative sliding between the sliding block and shift fork ring of synchronizer and normal pressure, and sliding block
Wear rate h represented with Archard formula be：
Wherein：H represent sliding block wear rate, W represent sliding block wear extent, ρ represent sliding block density, A represent fork ring and
The contact area of sliding block, H represent contact material hardness, and F represents normal pressure, and L represents the opposite sliding distance of fork ring and sliding block,
K represents the coefficient of waste；
And for random vibration process, since normal pressure F is stochastic variable, then revised Archard formula are：
Wherein：∑li=L represents each opposite sliding distance calculated in time step,WithIt is to pass through sensor
The average and standard deviation of the stochastic variable F measured, remaining is identical；
Then coefficient of waste K is：
Second step：The measurement of the wear extent W of sliding block：
Signal projector is provided with the shift fork ring of synchronizer, signal receiver is provided with the sliding block of synchronizer,
One pulse signal is launched to receiver by transmitter, receiver is received received signal transmission to computer after signal
In, computer will calculate the time difference for receiving signal and launching signal, and the transmission speed that signal is multiplied by with the time difference calculates
The distance value of sliding block and fork ring, a curve is formed after n times measurement, and the minimum value that distance is taken out on curve is what is worn
The value L of maximume, the distance L of sliding block and fork ring during synchronizer inactive states, then the wear extent W=L of sliding blocks-Le；
3rd step：The average of stochastic variable FAnd standard deviation
Three piezoresistive pressure sensors are provided with the surface of shift fork ring and shoe contact, in the synchronizer course of work
In, the three groups of pressure datas once contacted are measured, and be transferred in computer and carry out analysis calculating storage, through meter after n times measurement
The average of normal pressure is calculated in calculation machineAnd standard deviation
4th step：W that second step and the 3rd step are drawn,WithIt is substituting in the publicity of coefficient of waste K, obtains mill
Damage COEFFICIENT K.
Present invention additionally comprises some such architectural features：
1. the n times measurement refers to shift fork ring and shoe contact 1000 times.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention provides the coefficient of waste under dynamic condition, passes through
Apparatus measures wear extent and normal pressure, enormously simplify workload, moreover since instrument is relatively more fixed, each data drawn are inclined
It is poor little, while reduce the influence of human factor.Correct the limitation of static wear coefficient in original tradition Archard formula
Property, the application range of extension Archard formula.In the analysis of Dynamic wear coefficient, using sensor and the method for apparatus measures
Experimental procedure is enormously simplify, has saved man-hour, reduces the influence of human factor；For vibrating random process, load is chosen
Average and standard deviation, transform Archard formula, provide the mathematical model of Dynamic wear coefficient.Provide under dynamic condition, measure
With the structure of the experimental rig of the coefficient of waste of analysis integrated transmission device.Present invention utilizes sensor and high-acruracy survey instrument
Device measurement experiment data and computer acquisition analysis calculation method, error is smaller, and analysis is simple, precision higher.The present invention proposes
A kind of analysis method of the coefficient of waste for the machine components for considering vibration engineering reality, can effectively be handled in random vibration process
Loading analysis.The coefficient of waste under dynamic condition is provided, more embodied compared with static coefficient influences under dynamic condition.The present invention
The blank of the coefficient of waste under dynamic condition is compensate for, makes Archard formula in a dynamic condition, calculates wear extent or wear rate
Precision improves.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is one to experimental rig structure diagram；
Fig. 2 is two to experimental rig structure diagram；
Fig. 3 is synchronizer assembling relationship figure；
Fig. 4 is abrasion amount measuring installation drawing；
Fig. 5 is positive pressure force measuring device figure；
Fig. 6 is pressure sensor layout drawing；
Fig. 7 is creeper truck environment vertical axis oscillation power spectrum；
Fig. 8, which is that creeper truck environment is horizontal, surveys shaft vibration power spectrum；
Fig. 9 is creeper truck environment longitudinal axis oscillation power spectrum；
Figure 10 is design principle figure；
Figure 11 is the particular flow sheet of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of Computer display panel.
1st, fork ring, 2, sliding block, 3, fork, 4, intermediate gear, 5, output shaft, 6, babinet, 7, data line, 8, exciting
Device mandril, 9, data collecting card, 10, vibrator seat, 11, vibrator, 12, loading guide rod, 13, computer, 14, synchronous body,
15th, tooth connection set, 16 be synchronizer pin, and 17 be fork axis, and 18 be signal projector, and 19 be signal receiver, and 20 be that data pass
Defeated line, 21 be piezoresistive pressure sensor, and 22 be data line, and 23 be spring.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The technical scheme is that under the conditions of former static test, new dynamic test is formed by installing vibrator additional
Device.The position that needs measure (this patent be to synchronizer in the abrasion of shift fork ring and sliding block study) by installing position additional
To move with pressure sensor to measure corresponding experimental data, experimental data, which is transferred in computer, to be stored and is analyzed, and
The coefficient of waste is calculated by the mathematical model provided in advance, then obtaining a result is displayed on the screen.
1st, the foundation of mathematics computing model
In synchronizer synchronizing process, produced relative sliding between synchronous body sliding block and shift fork ring and normal pressure, pass through biography
Sensor come obtain normal pressure and it is opposite slide caused by wear extent, then using Archard formula, you can to solve synchronizer
The wear rate of sliding block.
Archard formula are as follows：
Wherein, W represents the wear extent of sliding block；
ρ=7.8 × 103kg/m3, represent sliding block density；
A=325mm2, represent the contact area of fork and sliding block；
H=45~52HRC represents contact material hardness, is averaged, i.e. 48.5HRC；
F represents normal pressure.
L represents the opposite sliding distance of fork and sliding block；
For random vibration process, since normal pressure also can be affected by vibrations, normal pressure is also stochastic variable.
Therefore, the normal pressure in Archard formula can have fiStandard deviationAnd averageBringing into formula above formula has：
Wherein, L=Σ liRepresent each opposite sliding distance calculated in time step；
H in above equation can haveReplacement, such above formula can be deformed into following formula：
Since W is wear extent, come out by apparatus measures in this equation；H is determined according to the characteristic of part,
Therefore it is known quantity；Average and standard deviation for the stochastic variable F measured by sensor, being can be with by instrument
Measure what is come；∑liIt is the data set in advance according to actual conditions.Thus above-mentioned each variable is all known or can lead to
What the method for mistake measured and calculated out, it is possible to calculate the coefficient of waste under a certain requirement.
2nd, the improvement of experimental provision
The structure chart of improved comprehensive experimental device such as Fig. 1 and such as Fig. 2, include all parts of complete synchronization device：Dial
Fork shaft, shift fork, shift fork ring, sliding block, synchronous body, synchronizer pin, spring, pin, sliding tooth set, intermediate gear and output
Axis.
Specific assembly relation is that synchronizer passes through synchronizer as shown in figure 3, synchronizer is in experimental provision box house
Connecting bushing inside body is connected with axis, and synchronizer can slide left and right along the sliding keyway on axis, output shaft and case
Body wall is engaged by sliding bearing, and each part is established with reference to the practical structures and size of certain model creeper truck synchronizer.
Its course of work is fork band movable slider, and sliding block drives fork ring, and then fork annulus moves synchronous body movement.In this movement
During can all produce abrasion between fork and sliding block, between sliding block and fork ring, the number contacted between each other is more, pressure
Bigger wear extent is also bigger.It is contemplated that the working environment of creeper truck is complicated, it is generally in the majority in the wild, therefore vibration is larger,
This just inevitably has an impact the abrasion between sliding block and fork, fork and fork ring.Therefore the present apparatus is original quiet
The measuring device of vibrator and Parameters in Formula is installed on the basis of state device additional, to simulate synchronizer during the work time
Vibration effect, calculates Dynamic wear coefficient under vibrating conditions.
As shown in Figure 1 for improved one to vibration testing device.The present apparatus is improved on original staticizer,
A vibrator is additionally arranged at the bottom in testing stand, vibrator is fixed in ground grading, and testing stand is applied to by loading guide rod
Lower raft, the testing stand for making testing stand become vertically to vibrate by original inactive state, can simulate machine
In operation by the more serious state of vertical vibration.As Fig. 2 two to improve experimental provision be on the basis of a device
On testing stand output shaft direction install additional a vibrator, improved device can simulate in machine operation procedure hang down
Vibration under straight and the vibration of horizontal direction and two kinds of comprehensive conditions.Equally, can also be in the side of testing stand the bottom of perpendicular to
On the direction in face increase a vibrator, can thus simulate machine actual motion process be subject to side vibration shadow
Ring.And the testing stand for having installed three vibrators additional can open the vibration that three vibrators produce different directions at the same time, so
Device be more in line with the real movement environment of machine, reach the actual effect of simulation.The coefficient of waste ratio that this device measures
The coefficient of waste value measured under static state is more true convincing.
3rd, the measurement (range sensor) of wear extent
The principle of range sensor：" time-of-flight method " (flying time) be by launching especially short light pulse, and
This light pulse is measured from being transmitted to time for being reflected by the object, by survey time interval calculate between object away from
From.Since the precision of high-precision range sensor now on the market has reached 0.01mm, thus for this experimental provision its
Precision has reached requirement, can use this range sensor.
Due to contacting repeatedly between fork and sliding block, sliding block and fork ring in synchronizer, it is certain to produce according to abrasion mechanism
Raw abrasion.And frequency of exposure is more, and wear extent is bigger, if synchronizer works under vibrating conditions, then wear extent certainly with
It is different under static state.This experimental rig between fork in synchronizer and sliding block, sliding block and fork ring to necessarily connecing
Stochastic variable is regarded in the abrasion touched under number as, is measured by instrument come real time data, calculating is transferred to by data collecting card
On machine, and there is the software accordingly worked out to carry out processing analysis.Experiment can be drawn by repeatedly handling the data of identical frequency of exposure
Average value, be gained data.
As shown in figure 4, signal projector is mounted on sliding block, and receiver is mounted on fork ring, and transmitter and receiver are all
It is connected by data cable with data collecting card, and in real time to data collecting card transmission signal.The side of wear extent is measured in synchronizer
Method is as follows：
First, by transmitter launch a pulse signal arrive receiver, then receiver receive signal simultaneously received
Signal transmission into computer, computer can receive signal and launch signal time difference calculate, then the time be multiplied by
The transmission speed of signal can calculate the distance value (program being all pre-designed in computer calculates) of sliding block and fork ring,
Computer stores result and is shown in by drawing form on computer screen.Due to ceaselessly measuring sliding block and pulling out
The distance change of ring is pitched, a curve will be formed in such computer interface.Terminate when testing, take out the minimum of its distance
Value is the value L of the maximum of abrasione.The distance L of sliding block and fork ring when then by originally synchronizer inactive statesSubtract
LeIt can obtain required wear extent W=Ls-Le。
4th, normal pressure measurement and data acquisition
The pressure sensor type that normal pressure is measured in the present invention is piezoresistive pressure sensor, it has extremely low valency
Lattice and higher precision and preferable linear characteristic.This will not be repeated here for the principle of this sensor.
It is the location arrangements figure of pressure sensor as shown in Figure 5,6, during fork ring and shoe contact, is connecing
3 pressure sensors are arranged in contacting surface altogether, are arranged in the contact site of fork and sliding block, this normal pressure sensing
Device calculates pressure value by the deformation of sensor chip.
Its measurement process is as follows：Sliding block, to left movement, first touches pressure sensor, then squeezes under the drive of fork
Positive pressure pressure sensor, pressure sensor is as sliding block is together to left movement when moving to limiting condition sliding block and fork ring connects
Touch, measure maximum pressure data.Once contact the three groups of pressure datas measured be transferred in computer be calculated analytically into
Row storage.After once testing, all positive pressure force datas measured are stored in computer.Since this data is in vibrator bar
Measured under part rather than under static state, therefore data have randomness, are analyzed by the processing of computer, it is possible to ask for this
Test the average of normal pressureAnd standard deviation
5th, the input of vibration condition
The motor-driven environment in land shakes at random mainly due to the supporting of car body and structure with broadband caused by the effect of road surface Pingdu
Dynamic composition.Lineament, speed, the dynamic characteristics of car body and loading can all influence vibratory response.In general, take turns car and drag
The vibrational spectra of car has prominent randomness, also has many peak and valleys outside various discrete frequencies.The environmental quality of creeper truck is
The influence that crawler belt is patted is very big, and movement, supporting and the road surface Pingdu of car body can all produce Broadband Random Excitation, in wheel car and drags
Further supplement pats the frequency on road surface on the environmental basis of car.According to GJB150.16《Military hardware laboratory environment experiment side
The 16th part of method：Vibration test》, 3 direction of principal axis oscillation powers that this environment can be provided using Fig. 7~9 are composed to simulate.
By that can simulate what synchronizer was run at work to three bottom of device, side and axial installation vibrators
Various vibrations.The vibrator of different parts can be allowed when testing and starting according to above-mentioned three kinds of oscillation powers spectrum while or difference
Vibration, to simulate the synchronizer vibration problem under varying environment, measures the data needed for experiment with regard to that can represent full-scale condition at this time
Under data.
6th, collection, input, analysis, calculating and the output display of data
Have it is above-mentioned understand, the collection of data needed for this experiment has measuring instrument and sensor data measured, is transferred to data
On capture card, then there is data collecting card to be passed to by data line in computer and store.Computer has corresponding analysis to calculate
Analysis of the software for once testing wear extent is calculated shown in process flow diagram flow chart 10 and Figure 11：The acquisition process of this experiment calculates step
Rapid such as flow chart：Analyze first fork and shoe contact number be 1000 times be once to test, three piezoresistive pressure sensors
Foil gauge be deformed the change for causing resistance value, the change of resistance value is transferred in computer by data collecting card collection, there is phase
The program answered draws the pressure value of each pressure sensor, and the above process circulates 1000 times, it is possible to three groups of variate-values are obtained, it is right
This three groups of variate-values try to achieve the average and standard deviation of pressure according to the calculation formula of probability statistics, and these numerical value are stored in meter
In calculation machine.Range sensor is different according to actual accessory size, and the number of arrangement is also different.Due to the continuous change of distance
It will be drawn out in the display window of the range sensor of computer in the form of sine wave, and it is automatic at the end of experiment
The Y value of wave trough position is obtained, is Le。
What the analysis of above process computer was calculated is once experiment (fork contacts 1000 times repeatedly with sliding block) mistake
Coefficient of waste K in journey under vibration environment.
Wherein, Σ liRepresent each opposite sliding distance calculated in time step, its selection is according to requirement of experiment
Determine before the experiments.
The output of calculation by computer is shown as shown in figure 12.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of shift fork ring for studying synchronizer and the experimental rig of sliding block random vibration abrasion, the babinet of synchronizer are installed in fact
Test on platform, it is characterised in that：In the lower surface of the babinet either following table of the first side of babinet and lower surface or babinet
With being provided with vibrator mandril in second side, the end of vibrator mandril is connected by loading guide rod with vibrator, described in face
Vibrator is installed on vibrator seat, and first side and the second side of the babinet are two sides of adjacent babinet,
Be provided with signal receiver on the shift fork ring of synchronizer, signal projector be provided with the sliding block of synchronizer, shift fork ring with
Three piezoresistive pressure sensors, the signal projector, signal receiver and three are additionally provided with the surface of shoe contact
Piezoresistive pressure sensor is connected by data line with exterior data collecting card respectively, and data collecting card connects with computer
Connect.
A kind of 2. analysis method vibrated to mechanism wear coefficient, it is characterised in that：
The first step：The foundation of mathematics computing model：
In the synchronizer course of work, produced relative sliding between the sliding block and shift fork ring of synchronizer and normal pressure, and the mill of sliding block
Loss rate h is represented with Archard formula：
<mrow>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>&rho;</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>&rho;</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>F</mi>
<mi>L</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>H</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein：H represents the wear rate of sliding block, and W represents the wear extent of sliding block, and ρ represents sliding block density, and A represents fork ring and sliding block
Contact area, H represents contact material hardness, and F represents normal pressure, and L represents the opposite sliding distance of fork ring and sliding block, K tables
Show the coefficient of waste；
And for random vibration process, since normal pressure F is stochastic variable, then revised Archard formula are：
<mrow>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>&rho;</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>&rho;</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&mu;</mi>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&Sigma;l</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mi>H</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein：∑li=L represents each opposite sliding distance calculated in time step, μfiAnd σfiMeasured by sensor
The average and standard deviation of stochastic variable F；
Then coefficient of waste K is：
<mrow>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mi>H</mi>
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<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
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<mi>&sigma;</mi>
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</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&Sigma;l</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Second step：The measurement of the wear extent W of sliding block：
Signal projector is provided with the shift fork ring of synchronizer, signal receiver is provided with the sliding block of synchronizer, by sending out
Emitter launches a pulse signal and arrives receiver, and receiver is received after signal by received signal transmission into computer, counted
Calculation machine will calculate receive signal and launch signal time difference, with the time difference be multiplied by signal transmission speed calculate sliding block and
The distance value of fork ring, a curve is formed after n times measurement, and the minimum value that distance is taken out on curve is the maximum worn
Value Le, the distance L of sliding block and fork ring during synchronizer inactive states, then the wear extent W=L of sliding blocks-Le；
3rd step：The average of stochastic variable FAnd standard deviation
Three piezoresistive pressure sensors are provided with the surface of shift fork ring and shoe contact, in the synchronizer course of work,
The three groups of pressure datas once contacted are measured, and is transferred in computer and carries out analysis calculating storage, through computer after n times measurement
The average of normal pressure is calculatedAnd standard deviation
4th step：W that second step and the 3rd step are drawn,WithIt is substituting in the publicity of coefficient of waste K, obtains abrasion system
Number K.
A kind of 3. analysis method vibrated to mechanism wear coefficient according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The n times
Measurement refers to shift fork ring and shoe contact 1000 times.
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