CN105628236A - Thermocouple temperature signal acquisition method - Google Patents
Thermocouple temperature signal acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105628236A CN105628236A CN201510954415.7A CN201510954415A CN105628236A CN 105628236 A CN105628236 A CN 105628236A CN 201510954415 A CN201510954415 A CN 201510954415A CN 105628236 A CN105628236 A CN 105628236A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermocouple temperature signal acquisition method. The method comprises the following steps: a cold-end bridge compensation circuit is adopted to carry out cold-end compensation on thermocouple signals; through the potential difference of an unbalanced bridge, thermal potential changes caused by changes of the cold-end temperature can be compensated; an RC low pass filter circuit is adopted to filter the thermocouple signals to filter high frequency clutters; an operational amplifier is used for amplifying the thermocouple signals; an A/D converter is adopted to acquire the thermocouple signals and the thermocouple signals are converted into temperature digital signals; and an RISC embedded processor receives the temperature digital signals. The thermocouple temperature signal acquisition method has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability, high signal sampling precision, reliability, stability and easy execution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to, particularly relate to the acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal.
Background technology
Thermocouple is a kind of temperature transducer, and it directly measures temperature, and converts electromotive force signal to. The homogeneous conductor of two kinds of different components is bonded together, and one end that temperature is higher is working end, and the relatively low one end of temperature is cold end, and cold end is generally in certain stationary temperature. Functional relationship according to thermo-electromotive force Yu temperature, makes standard couple phasing meter. Phasing meter be cold junction temperature when 0 DEG C when obtain, different thermocouples has different phasing meter.
The temperature requiring its cold end during thermocouple measuring temperature remains unchanged, and its thermoelectrical potential size ability and measurement temperature are certain proportionate relationship. If measure, the variation of ambient temperature of cold end, the accuracy of measurement will be had a strong impact on. Take certain measure to compensate at cold end and be called the cold junction compensation of thermocouple owing to cold junction temperature changes the impact caused.
Thermocouple signal is the small and weak signal of millivolt, and traditional acquisition process circuit is careless slightly in the design will cause the various problems such as signal disturbing is shaken, and signal sampling precision is low, has a strong impact on the service behaviour of thermocouple acquisition process. Therefore the acquisition process function of thermocouple signal is a key link of Thermocouple Temperature Signal, and its performance quality directly affects the service behaviour of whole system.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned technical problem, it is proposed to the acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal, comprises the steps:
S1 cold junction compensation step, is adopted cold end electric bridge to compensate circuit and thermocouple signal is carried out cold junction compensation, compensated the thermoelectrical potential variable quantity changed by cold junction temperature and cause by the electric potential difference of nonequilibrium bridge;
S2 filter step, adopts RC low-pass filter circuit that thermocouple signal is filtered, is filtered by high frequency spurs;
S3 signal amplification procedure, is amplified thermocouple signal by running amplifier;
S4 acquisition step, adopts A/D converter that thermocouple signal is acquired, and is converted to temperature digital signal;
S5 signal receiving step, RISC flush bonding processor receives temperature digital signal.
Further, described step S1 includes:
The cold end electric bridge of S11 compensates and accesses critesistor in circuit;
S12 gathers critesistor resistance and temperature, draws critesistor resistance and temperature relation table;
S13 draws thermocouple indexing table according to critesistor resistance with temperature relation table.
Further, in described step S11, critesistor is in series by nickel wire wire-wound resistor and manganese-copper filament wire-wound resistor.
Further, in described step S2, the cut-off frequency computing formula of RC low-pass filter circuit: f=1/2 �� RC.
Further, in described step S3, by running amplifier, thermocouple signal is amplified 100 times.
Further, in described step S4, A/D converter has signal input protection circuit.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The features such as it is strong that the acquisition method of Thermocouple Temperature Signal has capacity of resisting disturbance, and signal sampling precision is high, reliable and stable, it is simple to implement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that in the present invention, cold end electric bridge compensates circuit;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of RC low-pass filter circuit in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides the acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal, it is illustrated in figure 1 the flow chart of the present invention, it comprises the steps: cold junction compensation step, adopt cold end electric bridge to compensate circuit and thermocouple signal is carried out cold junction compensation, compensated the thermoelectrical potential variable quantity changed by cold junction temperature and cause by the electric potential difference of nonequilibrium bridge; Filter step, adopts RC low-pass filter circuit that thermocouple signal is filtered, is filtered by high frequency spurs; Signal amplification procedure, is amplified thermocouple signal by running amplifier; Acquisition step, adopts A/D converter that thermocouple signal is acquired, and is converted to temperature digital signal; S5 signal receiving step, RISC flush bonding processor receives temperature digital signal.
More refining, cold junction compensation step includes, and cold end electric bridge compensates and accesses critesistor in circuit; Gather critesistor resistance and temperature, draw critesistor resistance and temperature relation table; Thermocouple indexing table is drawn with temperature relation table according to critesistor resistance. Wherein, critesistor is in series by nickel wire wire-wound resistor and manganese-copper filament wire-wound resistor. In filter step, the cut-off frequency computing formula of RC low-pass filter circuit: f=1/2 �� RC. In signal amplification procedure, it is preferred to by running amplifier, thermocouple signal is amplified 100 times. In acquisition step, A/D converter has signal input protection circuit.
Below for the principle of this programme is set forth: thermocouple signal acquisition and display are ingredients important in processes temperature signal, elaborate the acquisition method of thermocouple signal herein from new angle. Thermocouple signal acquisition is firstly the need of carrying out cold junction compensation, critesistor and nonequilibrium bridge is adopted to realize the cold junction compensation of thermocouple signal, the electric potential difference that cold end electric bridge compensation circuit utilizes unbalanced bridge to produce compensates the variable quantity of the thermoelectrical potential changed and cause by cold junction temperature, circuit structure is simple, and compensation precision is higher. Secondly adopt low imbalance operational amplifier to realize the processing and amplifying of thermocouple signal, signal condition need to be carried out through RC low-pass filter circuit, increase front end signal and process the capacity of resisting disturbance of circuit. Adopting 12 A/D converters to realize the analog-digital conversion function of thermocouple signal again, complete the data acquisition of thermocouple signal, the signal input part of A/D converter increases input protection circuit, it is to avoid device generation electrical over-stress is damaged. The soft core of embedded NIOS II of final employing FPGA, as RISC flush bonding processor, has motility and the configurability of height.
Step each in the acquisition method of the present invention refined description further:
First against cold junction compensation step, thermocouple output potential is the function of two junction temperature differences. In order to make the electromotive force that thermocouple exports be the single function of dut temperature, generally thermocouple cold junction is remained 0 DEG C, and what numerical value listed by the thermocouple indexing table of various model was all made with cold junction temperature 0 DEG C for benchmark. But accomplish that this point is highly difficult in practice, then just create cold junction compensation problem.
Electric bridge penalty method is that the electric potential difference utilizing unbalanced bridge to produce compensates the thermoelectrical potential variable quantity changed and cause by cold junction temperature. Specifically as shown in Figure 2, cold end electric bridge compensates circuit, resistance R1, R2, R3 and current-limiting resistance Rg are the precision resister compositions little with temperature coefficient, Rx is the critesistor composition bigger with temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance, adopting nonequilibrium bridge cold junction compensation method, the use of its critesistor becomes particularly important. Critesistor is to be in series by nickel wire wire-wound resistor and manganese-copper filament wire-wound resistor, and its resistance is two wire-wound resistor resistance sums, comprises the resistance connecting wire between two wire-wound resistors. Critesistor is based on the heat effect of resistance and carries out change in resistance, and namely the resistance of critesistor varies with temperature and the characteristic that changes. Therefore, as long as measuring the change in resistance of critesistor, it becomes possible to measure the change of ambient temperature. Critesistor is device variations in temperature being converted to resistance change, it usually needs resistance signal is delivered to Thermocouple Temperature Signal harvester by wire.
When ambient temperature is 0 DEG C, electric bridge is in poised state. 2 current potentials of a, b are equal, and no-voltage difference exports, and now the thermoelectrical potential of For Thermocouple Circuit is had no effect by compensator bridge. When variation of ambient temperature, the variations in temperature that the cold end of thermocouple is identical with critesistor Rx impression, thus Rx resistance value also changes with temperature, make electric bridge disequilibrium, have uneven electric potential difference �� E1 to export; Meanwhile, the change of cold junction temperature makes the potential value changes delta E2 therewith of thermocouple. Electric bridge is set and compensates each resistance value in circuit, it is possible to design that �� E1 is equal with �� E2 numerical value, opposite polarity, then cancel each other after superposition, thus play the effect of cold junction temperature change compensation automatically.
In specific embodiment, cold end electric bridge compensates circuit and all adopts High Precision Low Temperature drift resistance, and selecting arm resistance R1, R2, R3 is 90.1 ��, and current-limiting resistance is 5.4K ��, and voltage source is 2.5V. When critesistor Rx is 90.1 ��, the voltage difference U a-Ub that compensator bridge is 2 is output as 0, bridge balance. Therefore deriving the equilibrium temperature of electric bridge when being 0 DEG C, bridge balance, cold junction compensation voltage difference is 0V.
When the variation of ambient temperature at critesistor Rx place, its resistance value can change, and causes that the voltage difference of compensator bridge 2 also can change �� E1. Meanwhile, the change of cold junction temperature makes the potential value changes delta E2 therewith of thermocouple. The resistance value of suitable compensator bridge circuit is set, it is possible to design that �� E1 is equal with �� E2 numerical value, opposite polarity, then cancels each other after superposition, thus play the effect that cold junction temperature change compensates automatically.
Critesistor Rx resistance is as shown in table 1 below with temperature relation:
Thermocouple electromotive force is as shown in table 2 below with temperature relation:
When the ambient temperature at critesistor Rx place is 30 DEG C, its resistance change is 100.90 ��, causes that the voltage difference of compensator bridge 2 changes. Nonequilibrium bridge carrying out circuit simulation when showing that Rx is 100.90 ��, the voltage difference delta E1 of 2, its cold junction compensation electric bridge is 1.2mV. Search K type thermocouple electromotive force and thermometer, it is possible to obtaining cold junction temperature when being 30 DEG C, the electromotive force value difference �� E2 that thermocouple changes therewith is 1.203mV. The voltage difference delta E1 of contrast cold junction compensation electric bridge is equal with �� E2 numerical value with electromotive force value difference �� E2, the �� E1 of thermocouple, opposite polarity, then cancel each other after superposition, and cold junction temperature plays the effect that cold end compensates automatically when being 30 DEG C.
Therefore, the electric potential difference that cold end electric bridge compensation circuit utilizes unbalanced bridge to produce compensates the variable quantity of the thermoelectrical potential changed and cause by cold junction temperature, and circuit structure is simple, and compensation precision is higher.
For filter step, the core of thermal couple signal conditioning circuit is the capacity of resisting disturbance of front-end circuit, careless slightly in the design can bring about intolerable interference, it is therefore desirable to design RC low-pass filter circuit. RC circuit is widely used in analog circuit, the RC circuit that RC filter circuit is made up of resistance and electric capacity, and in circuit, resistance R is different with the value of electric capacity C, creates the different cut-off frequencies of RC filter circuit. Filter circuit effect is to reduce the alternating component in the DC voltage of pulsation as far as possible, retains its flip-flop, makes output voltage ripple coefficient reduce, and waveform becomes smoother. Thermocouple signal is inputted, as it is shown on figure 3, resistance R3, C3 and R4, C4 constitute RC low-pass filtering loop, to improve the capacity of resisting disturbance in loop, filters the High-frequency Interference in input signal.
The cut-off frequency computing formula of RC low-pass filter circuit: f=1/2 �� RC, by resistance R3(10K ��), electric capacity C3(2.2uF) bringing formula into, to calculate cut-off frequency be 7.24Hz, it is possible to by interference target signal filter more than this frequency, there is good capacity of resisting disturbance.
For signal amplification procedure, thermocouple signal is millivolt small-signal, it is necessary to first carry out signal processing and amplifying, generally adopts Differential Input, high-gain precision, low maladjustment voltage operational amplifier. Operational amplifier A D822 has the feature of high accuracy, low maladjustment voltage, it is widely used in precise information collection, biomedicine signals analysis and aero-space instrument system, it is highly suitable for the application that requirement DC characteristic is higher, for instance bridge circuit signal measurement etc. Operational amplifier A D822 has the DC characteristic of excellence, and maximum input offset voltage is 25 �� V, and the drift of maximum input offset voltage temperature is 0.3 �� V/ DEG C, and maximum offset current is 0.4nA. Noise is low, and when its operating frequency is 1kHz, the maximum input voltage noise of AD8221 amplifier is 8nV/Hz; And when frequency is 0.1Hz��10Hz, AD8221 only exists the point-to-point input noise of 0.25 �� V. Gain can program setting, thus having provided the user bigger use motility. Gain can be controlled by single resistance and precision is significantly high, and its programmable range is 1��1000. Adopt 8 pin SOIC encapsulation, be multichannel or the ideal component saving space application.
For acquisition step, adopt 12 sampling precision A/D converters of configurable with multi-channel, it is achieved the acquisition process of two-way thermocouple signal. It is 2.5V that the design configures the reference voltage Vref of A/D converter, and supply voltage VDD is 5V, and input voltage range is 0V-5V. A/D converter has 12 control depositors; it is for only writing attribute; after electrification reset; the default value of depositor is all 0; for input protection circuit, the signal input part of A/D converter is easily damaged by extraneous electrical over-stress, causes power end and ground end to cross loss effect; causing device hot-spot, the metallization of final generating device pin is melted or blows. For avoiding device generation electrical over-stress to damage, signal input protection circuit should be increased, adopt 5.1V Zener diode by input voltage clamper at below 5.1V, A/D converter can be protected without damage. When Zener diode is operated in reverse breakdown state, the voltage at its two ends is basically unchanged. Utilize this character, be usually used in constituting mu balanced circuit in circuit. The mu balanced circuit that Zener diode is constituted, although degree of stability is not significantly high, output electric current is also less, but has simple, economical and practical advantage, thus application is widely.
For signal receiving step, adopting the embedded NIOS II of FPGA, it is configurable general 32 the RISC flush bonding processors of user, and processor realizes with soft karyomorphism, has motility and the configurability of height.
Above technical scheme is fully described; it should be noted that; the specific embodiment of the present invention is also not limited by the description set out above; all technical schemes that those of ordinary skill in the art adopts equivalents or equivalent transformation in structure, method or function etc. according to the spirit of the present invention and formed, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the acquisition method of a Thermocouple Temperature Signal, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
S1 cold junction compensation step, is adopted cold end electric bridge to compensate circuit and thermocouple signal is carried out cold junction compensation, compensated the thermoelectrical potential variable quantity changed by cold junction temperature and cause by the electric potential difference of nonequilibrium bridge;
S2 filter step, adopts RC low-pass filter circuit that thermocouple signal is filtered, is filtered by high frequency spurs;
S3 signal amplification procedure, is amplified thermocouple signal by running amplifier;
S4 acquisition step, adopts A/D converter that thermocouple signal is acquired, and is converted to temperature digital signal;
S5 signal receiving step, RISC flush bonding processor receives temperature digital signal.
2. the acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step S1 includes:
The cold end electric bridge of S11 compensates and accesses critesistor in circuit;
S12 gathers critesistor resistance and temperature, draws critesistor resistance and temperature relation table;
S13 draws thermocouple indexing table according to critesistor resistance with temperature relation table.
3. the acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in described step S11, critesistor is in series by nickel wire wire-wound resistor and manganese-copper filament wire-wound resistor.
4. the acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step S2, the cut-off frequency computing formula of RC low-pass filter circuit: f=1/2 �� RC.
5. the acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step S3, by running amplifier, thermocouple signal is amplified 100 times.
6. the acquisition method of a kind of Thermocouple Temperature Signal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step S4, A/D converter has signal input protection circuit.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106647865A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-05-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Intelligent temperature control device |
| CN106980331A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-07-25 | 滁州胜利电器有限公司 | A kind of liquid expanding temperature controller for sealing machine |
| CN109188086A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-11 | 许昌学院 | A kind of test method that temperature influences space medium material electric conductivity |
| CN109974880A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-05 | 重庆川仪控制系统有限公司 | A kind of multichannel thermocouple acquisition module |
| CN110609173A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-24 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Method for operating a thermoelectric module |
| CN111077924A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-04-28 | 石钢京诚装备技术有限公司 | Error correction method in heating furnace temperature control process |
| CN111982329A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-24 | 首凯汽车零部件（江苏）有限公司 | Thermocouple signal processing system and signal processing method thereof |
| WO2022032580A1 (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-17 | 欧菲光集团股份有限公司 | Thermocouple cold-junction compensation circuit, thermocouple assembly and temperature sensor |
| CN114544021A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-27 | 成都金知丽科技有限公司 | Cold end temperature estimation method of multi-channel temperature acquisition system based on heat conduction and signal reconstruction |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106647865A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-05-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Intelligent temperature control device |
| CN106980331A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-07-25 | 滁州胜利电器有限公司 | A kind of liquid expanding temperature controller for sealing machine |
| CN106980331B (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-09-14 | 滁州胜利电器有限公司 | A kind of liquid expanding temperature controller for sealing machine |
| CN110609173A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-24 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Method for operating a thermoelectric module |
| CN109188086A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-11 | 许昌学院 | A kind of test method that temperature influences space medium material electric conductivity |
| CN109188086B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2021-01-15 | 许昌学院 | Method for testing influence of temperature on conductivity of space dielectric material |
| CN109974880A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-05 | 重庆川仪控制系统有限公司 | A kind of multichannel thermocouple acquisition module |
| CN111077924A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-04-28 | 石钢京诚装备技术有限公司 | Error correction method in heating furnace temperature control process |
| CN111982329A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-24 | 首凯汽车零部件（江苏）有限公司 | Thermocouple signal processing system and signal processing method thereof |
| WO2022032580A1 (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-17 | 欧菲光集团股份有限公司 | Thermocouple cold-junction compensation circuit, thermocouple assembly and temperature sensor |
| CN114544021A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-27 | 成都金知丽科技有限公司 | Cold end temperature estimation method of multi-channel temperature acquisition system based on heat conduction and signal reconstruction |
| CN114544021B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-07-23 | 成都金知丽科技有限公司 | Cold end temperature estimation method of multichannel temperature acquisition system based on heat conduction combined signal reconstruction |
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Application publication date: 20160601 |