CN105628116B - A kind of measurement method and circuit of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time - Google Patents
A kind of measurement method and circuit of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time Download PDFInfo
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- CN105628116B CN105628116B CN201610160800.9A CN201610160800A CN105628116B CN 105628116 B CN105628116 B CN 105628116B CN 201610160800 A CN201610160800 A CN 201610160800A CN 105628116 B CN105628116 B CN 105628116B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/662—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses the measurement methods and circuit of a kind of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time.Traditional ultrasonic transmission Method Of Time Measurement uses hardware threshold method, and power consumption is big, and measurement accuracy is not high.The present invention includes ultrasonic transducer A, ultrasonic transducer B, analog switch unit, bandpass filtering unit, comparing unit, driving unit, power supply control voltage regulation unit, time measuring unit, temperature detecting unit and single machine unit.The measurement method of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time of the invention utilizes the filtering method of Variable delay, pass through the setting to threshold value, accurately capture the arrival time of echo-signal, accurately calculate the transmission time of ultrasonic wave, pass through the design of software and hardware circuit, the power consumption for reducing whole system, saves the cost of device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flow detection technical fields, are related to the measurement method and circuit of a kind of low-consumption ultrasonic flow measurement.
Background technique
Compared with other types of flowmeter, ultrasonic flowmeter has high-precision, high duplication, low pressure loss and two-way
The advantages of measurement.It is widely used in environment protection field, industrial circle, energy transport and daily life.Ultrasonic flowmeter
It is the principle design of the cis- adverse current time difference method according to ultrasonic wave in fluid propagation, the flow rate velocity of sound of fluid is related with the time difference.
At different temperature, the velocity of sound is not a constant, it can change with the variation of temperature, to flow measurement can be caused to miss
The variation of difference and acoustic resistance and acoustic attenuation.In time difference method measuring principle, the accurate measurement of the time difference of concurrent-countercurrent directly affects stream
The measurement accuracy of meter.Traditional time difference measurement uses hardware threshold method, i.e., comparison circuit setting signal threshold is utilized on hardware
It is worth point, when echo-signal is more than threshold value, it is believed that signal reaches.If using low power dissipation design, the driving voltage of ultrasonic wave compared with
Small, the peak-to-peak value of echo-signal is also smaller.Traditional threshold value comparison circuit is such as used, threshold voltage, which need to be arranged, very low can just catch
Grasp echo-signal.It is doped with more interference signal in usual echo-signal, when the peak value of interference signal reaches comparator
When setting value, comparator can judge echo-signal arrival by accident, to affect the measurement accuracy of concurrent-countercurrent transmission time.If threshold
Threshold voltage is set as the 1st of echo-signal between the 2nd peak value, although the erroneous judgement of ultrasonic signal arrival time can be reduced,
But with the temperature change of fluid, ultrasonic signal amplitude can change, and the transmission time of ultrasonic wave can also change,
The erroneous judgement of ultrasonic signal arrival time can occur, to reduce the measurement accuracy of transmission time.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes the measurement methods and electricity of a kind of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time
Road, the precision of Lai Tigao measuring ultrasonic wave flow, and reduce power consumption.
The measurement specific method of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time of the invention is: the method filtered using Variable delay,
When echo-signal is propagated, comparator is not opened, and until delay is equal to Tyi, in order to improve signal-to-noise ratio, Tyi is from pulse excitation
Signal generation starts, the time until close to the position of the previous peak value trough of the position of the maximum peak value of echo-signal,
At this moment gate circuit is just opened, echo signal processing at pulse signal.After receiving a certain number of pulse signals, door is electric at this time
Road is closed, and not only reduces power consumption in this way, but also save the time for measurement next time.
It include ultrasonic transducer A, ultrasonic transducer B, analog switch unit, band logical based on circuit designed by the above method
Filter unit, comparing unit, driving unit, power supply control voltage regulation unit, time measuring unit, temperature detecting unit and monolithic
Machine unit.
Ultrasonic transducer A, ultrasonic transducer B are installed on the ipsilateral of pipeline；
The input terminal of energy converter A is connect with the source of analog switch first passage circuit；The one of analog switch first passage
The connection of the output end of height end and driving unit；The input at another the height end and bandpass filtering unit of analog switch first passage
End connection；The enable end of analog switch first passage and the I/O mouth of single-chip microcontroller connect；
The input terminal of energy converter B is connect with the source of analog switch second channel circuit；The one of analog switch second channel
The connection of the output end of height end and driving unit；The input at another the height end and bandpass filtering unit of analog switch second channel
End connection；The enable end of analog switch second channel and the I/O mouth of single-chip microcontroller connect；
The output end of bandpass filtering unit and the positive input terminal of comparing unit connect；The negative input end and threshold value of comparing unit
Detect signal connection；The output end of comparing unit stops foot with the timing of time detection unit and connect；
Power supply controls the enable end of voltage regulation unit and the I/O mouth of single-chip microcontroller connects；The input terminal of power supply control voltage regulation unit
It is connect with+3V；The input terminal that power supply controls voltage regulation unit connects with the power end of bandpass filtering chip, comparing unit chip respectively
It connects；
The input terminal of driving unit is connect with the timing of time detection unit starting foot；The output end of driving unit and time
The pumping signal transmitting terminal of detection unit connects；
The input terminal of temperature detecting unit is connected with temperature sensor and reference resistance；The output end of temperature detection and time
The temperature detection end of detection unit connects；
The I/O mouth connection of the enabled foot, data input pin, data output pin and single-chip microcontroller of time detection unit.
The analog switch type selecting chip ADG884；The bandpass filtering unit type selecting chip MAX4488, the relatively list
First type selecting chip TLV3491；The power supply controls voltage regulation unit type selecting chip TPS76930, the driving unit type selecting chip
AO3421,AO3422；The time detection unit type selecting chip TDC-GP22；The temperature detection sensor is PT1000；
The single-chip microcontroller type selecting chip MSP430F449.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the measurement method that the present invention designs can accurately capture ultrasound in a fluid
Wave signal reduces interference signal and temperature to measurement ultrasonic wave letter to accurately calculate the transmission time of concurrent-countercurrent
Number influence, the detection accuracy of ultrasonic signal is substantially increased, so as to which the flow velocity and volume of fluid is precisely calculated
Flow.The circuit that the present invention designs, does not use the circuit of this big power consumption of A/D chip, and other circuits are also to select low-power consumption
Chip, and voltage stabilizing chip is controlled by power supply, bandpass filtering unit is opened again in the echo-signal threshold value for detecting setting
With the circuit of comparing unit, the power consumption of circuit is greatly reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic flow rate measurement amount schematic illustration；
Fig. 2 is ultrasonic flowmeter system block diagram；
Fig. 3 is the time measurement system figure of ultrasonic flowmeter；
Fig. 4 is temperature detecting unit circuit diagram；
Fig. 5 conventional ultrasonic wave signal threshold value setting figure；
Ultrasonic signal in Fig. 6 interference signal judges figure by accident；
Gate circuit switch value setting figure in Fig. 7 measurement method.
Specific embodiment
A kind of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time measurement method proposed by the present invention that the following is further explained with reference to the attached drawings and
Circuit.
Referring to Fig.1, ultrasonic transducer is mounted on that pipeline is ipsilateral, and the transmission of echo-signal is carried out by two pieces of reflector plates,
It is effectively increased sound path, measuring principle mainly uses time difference method to measure.The working principle of this ultrasonic flowmeter are as follows: ultrasound
Wave flow velocity in static fluid is C, and effective sound path is L+2L1, the flow velocity of fluid is V, when ultrasonic wave fair current in a fluid
Between be tAB, the adverse current time of ultrasonic wave in a fluid is tBA, then the fair current time of ultrasonic wave in a fluid are as follows:
The adverse current time of ultrasonic wave in a fluid are as follows:
It is available that formula (1) is subtracted by formula (2):
V due to V < < C, in formula (3)2It can omit, so the flow velocity of fluid are as follows:
By formula (4) it is found that the time difference of measurement concurrent-countercurrent is the key that ultrasonic flowmeter.
Referring to Fig. 2, the integrated circuit block diagram of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time measurement method is as shown in Figure 2.Integrated circuit
Including single chip circuit, display circuit, power control circuit, time measuring circuit, signal launch driving circuit, temperature detection electricity
Road, analog switching circuit, filter circuit, comparator circuit.Wherein singlechip chip selects MSP430F449, and single-chip microcontroller passes through I/
O mouthfuls of connection display circuits；Single-chip microcontroller passes through I/O mouthfuls of connection power control circuit input terminals；Single-chip microcontroller passes through SPI interface and high speed
Time measures chip TDC-GP22 circuit connection；TDC-GP22 is connect with temperature measuring circuit；TDC-GP22 and signal transmitting are driven
Dynamic circuit input end connection；Signal launch driving circuit output end is connect with analog switching circuit；Analog switch respectively with ultrasound
Wave transducer A, ultrasonic transducer B connection；Analog switch is connect with filter circuit input terminal；Filter circuit output end with
The input terminal of comparator circuit connects；The output end of comparator circuit is connect with TDC-GP22；Power control circuit output end with
The power end of filter connects；The connection of the power end of power control circuit output end and comparator.
Fig. 3 is a kind of physical circuit example of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time measurement method.Analog switch selection
ADG884 chip；Driving circuit selects AO3421, AO3422 field-effect tube；Filtering chip selects MAX4488 chip；Comparator choosing
Select TLV3491 chip；Power supply control selections TPS76930 chip；Time measures chip and selects TDC-GP22 chip；Single-chip microcontroller choosing
Select MSP430F449 chip.
One end of the energy converter A is grounded, and the other end is connect with the end D1 of analog switch first passage；The energy converter B
One end ground connection, the other end connect with the end D2 of analog switch second channel.
The end S1A of the analog switch first passage respectively with the field-effect tube AO3421 of driving circuit output end,
The end the S2A connection at the end S, analog switch second channel of AO3422；The end S1B of analog switch first passage respectively with analog switch
One end connection at the end S2B, filter circuit input pickup resistance R1 of second channel.The enable end IN1 of analog switch first passage with
The end P2.0 of single-chip microcontroller connects.
The end S2A of the analog switch second channel respectively with the field-effect tube AO3421 of driving circuit output end,
The end the S1A connection at the end S, analog switch first passage of AO3422；The end S2B of analog switch second channel respectively with analog switch
One end connection at the end S1B, filter circuit input pickup resistance R1 of first passage.The enable end IN2 of analog switch second channel with
The end P2.1 of single-chip microcontroller connects.
The end D of the field-effect tube AO3422 of signal launch driving circuit is connect with+3V；Input terminal G respectively with the G of AO3421
End, the end Start of the output end of diode Dio1, Dio2, TDC-GP22, the connection of the one end resistance R6；The end S of AO3422 respectively with
The end the S connection at the end S1A of analog switch first passage, the end S2A of analog switch second channel, AO3421.
The end D of the field-effect tube AO3421 of signal launch driving circuit is connect with ground wire；Input terminal G is respectively with AO3422's
The end G, the output end of diode Dio1, Dio2, the end Start of TDC-GP22, the connection of the one end resistance R6；Distinguish at the end S of AO3421
It is connect with the end S of the end S1A of analog switch first passage, the end S2A of analog switch second channel, AO3422.
The input terminal of the first diode Dio1 of circuit and the end Fire1 of TDC-GP22 connect；The output end of Dio1 is distinguished
With the end G of AO3421, AO3422 of driving circuit field-effect tube, the output end of the second diode Dio2, resistance R6 one end,
The end Start of TDC-GP22 connects.
The input terminal of second diode Dio2 of circuit and the end Fire2 of TDC-GP22 connect；The output end of Dio2 is distinguished
With the end G of AO3421, AO3422 of driving circuit field-effect tube, the output end of first diode Dio1, resistance R6 one end,
The end Start of TDC-GP22 connects.
One end of the input pickup resistance R1 of filter circuit respectively with the end S1B of analog switch first passage, analog switch
The end S2B in two channels connects；The other end of resistance R1 respectively with one end of resistance R2, one end of capacitor C1, capacitor C2 one end
Connection.
The negative input end "-" of the amplifier chip MAX4488 of filter circuit is connect with one end of the other end of C2, R3 respectively；
The positive input terminal "+" of MAX4488 is connect with one end of one end of divider resistance R4, one end of R5, capacitor C3 respectively；MAX4488
Output end Out connect respectively with the positive input terminal In+ of the other end of resistance R3, the other end of C1, comparator TLV3491；
The power input of MAX4488 is connect with the output end of power supply pressure stabilizing control chip TPS76930.
The output end Out connection of the positive input terminal In+ and MAX4488 of comparator TLV3491；Comparator negative input end In-
It is connect with threshold voltage test side；The output end of comparator TLV3491 and the end Stop of TDC-GP22 connect；Comparator
The power input of TLV3491 is connect with the output end of power supply pressure stabilizing control chip TPS76930.
The power input IN of power supply pressure stabilizing control chip TPS76930 is connect with+3V power supply；The output end of TPS76930
It is connect respectively with the end Vcc of the end Vcc of amplifier MAX4488, comparator TLV3491；The enable end of TPS76930 and single-chip microcontroller
The connection of the end P2.1.
Fire1, Fire2 of High speed time measurement chip TDC-GP22 is connect with the input terminal of rectifier diode respectively；
The end Start of TDC-GP22 respectively with the output end of rectifier diode, driving FET AO3421, AO3422 G input terminal,
One end of resistance R6 connects；The end Stop of TDC-GP22 is connect with the output end Out of comparator TLV3491；The INT of TDC-GP22
End, the end SSN, the end SCK, the end SI, the end SO, the end RSTN respectively with the end P1.0 of single-chip microcontroller, the end P1.1, the end P1.2, the end P1.3, P1.4
End, the connection of the end P1.5；The connection type of TDC-GP22 and temperature sensing circuit is as shown in Figure 4.
A kind of physical circuit such as Fig. 4 of the temperature detection of TDC-GP22, temperature sensor use PT1000.
One end of the reference resistance Rref1 at the end PT1 and ceiling temperature of TDC-GP22 connects；The end PT2 of TDC-GP22 with
One end of the reference resistance Rref2 of lower limit temperature connects；The end PT3 of TDC-GP22 and one end of temperature sensor PT100 0 connect
It connects；The end LoadT of TDC-GP22 respectively with the input terminal of 74HC14, one end of 33nF capacitor, ceiling temperature reference resistance
The other end connection of the other end of Rref1, the other end of the reference resistance Rref2 of lower limit temperature, temperature sensor PT100 0；
The end SenseT of TDC-GP22 and the output end of 74HC14 connect.
After system electrification, single-chip microcontroller and time measurement chip are automatically performed initialization, control TDC-GP22 by single-chip microcontroller
Fire1 or Fire2 pin, continuously emit the pulse excitation signal of several 1MHz, by driving circuit, while activating GP22
The end Start, reach analog switch, while single-chip microcontroller control pin P2.0 and P2.1, enable analog switch, select D1 and S1A
Conducting, D1 are not turned on S1B, select D2 to be connected with S2B, D2 is not turned on S2A.Energy converter A is as ultrasonic signal at this time
Transmitting terminal, receiving end of the energy converter B as ultrasonic signal, as shown in Figure 1, energy converter location A is mounted in upstream end, energy converter B
Position is mounted in downstream.
As shown in figure 5, general hardware threshold method setting threshold point is first peak value of echo-signal, transmission time is
Since pulse excitation signal transmitting until the setting value for detecting echo-signal.Since ultrasonic signal is by parameters such as temperature
Influence, be easy to happen decaying, the threshold point of setting and actually required point are variant, survey so as to cause above-mentioned transmission time
It measures inaccurate.If the driving voltage of ultrasonic wave is smaller using low power dissipation design, the peak-to-peak value of echo-signal is also smaller, one
As peak-to-peak value be 200mv or so, the interference signal mixed also is easy to surpass given threshold, as shown in fig. 6, can allow high speed when
Between measurement chip erroneous judgement echo-signal reach, to generate biggish measurement error.
The method that the present invention uses Variable delay filtering, when echo-signal is propagated, comparator is not opened, until delay
Equal to Tyi, in order to improve signal-to-noise ratio, Tyi is since generating pulse measurement signal, to close to the maximum peak value of echo-signal
Time until the wave trough position of the previous peak value of position, as shown in Figure 7.At this moment enabled by single-chip microcontroller P2.2 pin
TPS76930 provides power supply to amplifier and comparator, starts echo signal processing into pulse signal.It is a certain number of when receiving
After pulse signal, then by single-chip microcontroller control TPS76930, the power supply of amplifier and comparator is closed, both reduces power consumption in this way,
The time is saved again for measurement next time.
When energy converter B receives ultrasonic signal, in TonGate circuit is opened at time, i.e., is controlled by single-chip microcontroller
TPS76930 chip is powered to filter circuit and comparator circuit, in ToffMoment then closes filter circuit and comparator circuit electricity
Source, during which signal is 1MHz ± 200KHz by bandwidth-limited circuit, bandwidth, faint echo-signal is amplified, then
It is compared by comparator TLV3491 with the threshold point set before, then outputs signal to the end Stop of GP22, can obtain
To the time t of fair current1。
Similarly, as long as controlling TDC-GP22 by single-chip microcontroller emits pulse excitation signal, simulation is changed by single-chip microcontroller and is opened
The enable end of pass selects D1 to be connected with S1B, and D1 is not turned on S1A, selects D2 to be connected with S2A, D2 is not turned on S2B, by right
For echo-signal compared with given threshold point, output measures chip to the time, so that it may obtain the time t of adverse current2.Then pass through formula
(4) flow velocity of fluid just can be obtained.
Transmission time measurement method of the invention is to be set based on foregoing circuit by the threshold point to echo-signal
It sets, and corresponding echo-signal is accurately positioned.Circuit design is powered using 3V battery, and measurement chip uses TDC-
GP22 low-power consumption high speed acquisition chip reduces the function of entire measurement method and circuit by the circuit design of software and hardware
Consumption, saves the cost of device.
Claims (1)
1. the measurement method of low-power consumption ultrasonic wave transmission time, device used in this method includes that ultrasonic transducer A, ultrasound are changed
It can device B, analog switch unit, bandpass filtering unit, comparing unit, driving unit, power supply control voltage regulation unit, time measurement list
Member, temperature detecting unit and single machine unit；
Ultrasonic transducer A, ultrasonic transducer B are installed on the ipsilateral of pipeline；
The input terminal of energy converter A is connect with the source of analog switch first passage circuit；One son of analog switch first passage
End is connect with the output end of driving unit；Another height end of analog switch first passage and the input terminal of bandpass filtering unit connect
It connects；The enable end of analog switch first passage and the I/O mouth of single-chip microcontroller connect；
The input terminal of energy converter B is connect with the source of analog switch second channel circuit；One son of analog switch second channel
End is connect with the output end of driving unit；Another height end of analog switch second channel and the input terminal of bandpass filtering unit connect
It connects；The enable end of analog switch second channel and the I/O mouth of single-chip microcontroller connect；
The output end of bandpass filtering unit and the positive input terminal of comparing unit connect；The negative input end and threshold test of comparing unit
Signal connection；The output end of comparing unit stops foot with the timing of time detection unit and connect；
Power supply controls the enable end of voltage regulation unit and the I/O mouth of single-chip microcontroller connects；Power supply controls the input terminal and+3V of voltage regulation unit
Connection；The input terminal of power supply control voltage regulation unit is connect with the power end of bandpass filtering chip, comparing unit chip respectively；
The input terminal of driving unit is connect with the timing of time detection unit starting foot；The output end of driving unit and time are detected
The pumping signal transmitting terminal of unit connects；
The input terminal of temperature detecting unit is connected with temperature sensor and reference resistance；The output end of temperature detection and time are detected
The temperature detection end of unit connects；
The I/O mouth connection of the enabled foot, data input pin, data output pin and single-chip microcontroller of time detection unit；
It is characterized by: comparator unit is not opened when echo-signal is propagated, until delay is equal to Tyi, Tyi is from pulse
Metering signal generation starts, to close to the maximum peak value of echo-signal position previous peak value wave trough position until when
Between, the time is related with fluid temperature (F.T.)；At this moment power supply is enabled by single machine unit and controls voltage regulation unit, to comparator unit and
Bandpass filtering unit provides power supply, starts echo signal processing into pulse signal；After receiving the pulse signal of setting quantity,
Power supply is controlled by single machine unit again and controls voltage regulation unit, closes the power supply of comparator unit and bandpass filtering unit.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106500783B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2023-04-21 | 深圳市锐能微科技有限公司 | Hydrothermal meter and water flow detection device thereof |
| CN108847827B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2024-02-27 | 浙江蓝宝石仪表科技有限公司 | Continuous variable gain amplifying circuit applied to ultrasonic gas meter |
| CN111351958B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-11-02 | 上海华虹计通智能系统股份有限公司 | Time delay detection method and device, and fluid speed measurement method and system |
| CN110346002B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2020-07-31 | 电子科技大学 | Signal processing and converting circuit of gas ultrasonic flowmeter |
| CN111795727B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-28 | 中国计量大学 | Method and circuit for indirectly measuring ultrasonic wave transmission time |
| CN112019989B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-01-28 | 浙江苍南仪表集团股份有限公司 | Dynamic performance testing device for ultrasonic transducer |
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