CN105627992B - A kind of method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in quick high accuracy noncontact - Google Patents
A kind of method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in quick high accuracy noncontact Download PDFInfo
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- CN105627992B CN105627992B CN201510996903.4A CN201510996903A CN105627992B CN 105627992 B CN105627992 B CN 105627992B CN 201510996903 A CN201510996903 A CN 201510996903A CN 105627992 B CN105627992 B CN 105627992B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in quick high accuracy noncontact, the cloud data and full-view image of ancient building surface profile are obtained using large-space three-dimensional laser scanner, build the three-dimensional model of ancient building, the fine cloud data of ancient building local detail is obtained using three-dimensional grating scanner, with reference to building engineering method and the size and dimension of building module amendment ancient building surface profile and local detail；The digital information of the damaged part of ancient building or shield portions, its size and dimension of inverse structure are gathered using high-resolution camera；The point, line, surface feature of high-altitude part or shield portions, its size and dimension of inverse structure are gathered using high-resolution camera；All block datas measured are unified into the same coordinate system, splice whole digital spot cloud information of ancient building, draw ancient building and restore drawing, build ancient building 3 D digital model, the three-dimensional birds-eye view of ancient building is restored with reference to the coating material of ancient building, color and lines.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for surveying and drawing ancient building, more particularly to a kind of quick high accuracy noncontact mapping ancient architecture
The method built.
Background technology
Ancient building is the product of ancient times people's crystallization of wisdom and practical activity, carries abundant history, culture, art
The information of aspect, is the important material in kind for studying its residing period.Ancient building is valuable matter input, with can not
Reproducibility, once being destroyed, can cause heavy losses.By survey and draw the plan of complete, real ancient building, elevation,
The electronic documents such as profile, can provide accurate scientific basis for research, reparation, reconstruction ancient building.
Traditional architecture thing mapping method uses manual measurement and Man Graphics, and wherein survey tool includes leather measuring tape, coil of strip
Chi, tape, slide calliper rule, lead plummet, wooden ladder etc., its shortcoming are to measure and manual operations of drawing, and are imitated in mapping precision and work
It is all very low in rate, and measurement process needs direct contact measured position, and destruction is likely to result in detected part, also can not accurately be surveyed and drawn
Multiaspect geometrical body.
The mapping method of modern building mainly has total powerstation discrete point mensuration, photogrammetry, total powerstation and photography
Measure integrated approach, 3 D laser scanning method, three-dimensional grating scan method etc..Patent CN101908228A discloses a kind of use
In the digital building mapping method for obtaining elevation of building schema mapping, the application method of Laser Line Marker, camera is described
And how using modeling software scene modeling to be matched with construction site, it is single-curved surface geometric form mainly to realize outer surface
The elevation of building mapping of the construction site of axisymmetric hyperboloid geometrical body centered on body, outer surface, but this method form list
First, mapping object is single, and can only finally obtain the facade schema mapping of building, and this can not be met to the comprehensive of ancient building
Mapping demand；Patent CN103196426A, which discloses a kind of total Station three-dimensional laser scanner, is used for the side of construction account
Method, describes the application method of total powerstation and three-dimensional laser scanner, solve that three-dimensional mapping speed is slow, modeling is difficult and
The problem of multi-viewpoint cloud data rough registration is difficult, but measurement of this method to skyscraper is impracticable, to shield portions, damaged portion
The processing divided also without considering, can not equally meet the comprehensive mapping demand to ancient building；Patent CN102735182A is public
A kind of method and apparatus that building Internal periphery is scanned using hand-held range finder are opened, what this method and device were mainly solved is to survey
Measure building Internal periphery measurement problem, to the surface profile of building, local detail, damaged part, shield portions mapping
Do not apply to.
Each mapping method has its advantage above, but is not suitable for the mapping to ancient building, does not consider ancient building
Surface profile, local detail, the processing of damaged part or shield portions and high-altitude part or shield portions, and mapping precision
The requirement of ancient building mapping can not be met.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in quick high accuracy noncontact, solves existing mapping ancient building system
Or present in method the problem of precision is low.
A kind of method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in quick high accuracy noncontact, comprises the following steps：
1) cloud data and full-view image of ancient building surface profile are obtained using large-space three-dimensional laser scanner, is built
The three-dimensional model of ancient building, with reference to building engineering method and the size and dimension of building module amendment ancient building surface profile；
2) the fine cloud data of ancient building local detail is obtained using three-dimensional grating scanner, according to material characteristics, knot
Close the size and dimension of ancient building engineering method and history age architectural feature amendment ancient building local detail；
3) the high-resolution camera collection damaged part of ancient building more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels or occlusion part are utilized
The digital information divided, the critical size and shape for utilizing the three-dimensional measurement technology based on image and perspective relation to obtain ancient building is joined
Number, with the moulding linear feature of each placement members of ancient building in the critical size and form parameter, and specification and engineering method,
Fit the size and dimension of the damaged part of ancient building or shield portions；
4) by image processing techniques be partitioned into it is each tool style local feature, using Digital Photogrammetric System carry out take pictures and
Inversely, i.e., its point, line, surface feature is gathered using the high-resolution camera more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels, with reference to ancient building
The ancient building reference dimension and shape that surface profile, local detail, damaged part or shield portions are determined analyzed and determined,
It is reverse by three-dimensional perspective, the high-altitude part of inverse structure ancient building or the size and dimension of shield portions；
5) block data that above-mentioned steps are measured is arranged, and uniformly into the same coordinate system, splicing ancient building
Whole digital spot cloud information；
6) according to step 5) whole digital spot cloud information and step 3) digital information, obtain the surface of whole ancient building
The size and dimension information of profile and local detail, draws ancient building and restores drawing；
7) according to step 6) the surface profile size and dimension information architecture ancient building 3 D digital of whole ancient building
Model, the three-dimensional birds-eye view of ancient building is restored with reference to the coating material of ancient building, color and lines.
In such scheme, step 1 is carried out) before, along scanning route (1), at least two groups positioning reference sphere groups are set；Every group
Positioning is with reference to asking provided with least one positioning reference sphere group in group, and each positioning reference sphere group of two groups of positioning reference sphere groups hands over
Scanned for being arranged on route (1)；Along scanning route (1), at least two survey stations are set；Reference sphere group is separately positioned on two
Between individual survey station；Each reference sphere group is made up of at least three positioning reference sphere, each to position reference sphere not on the same line；
Each positioning reference sphere at least with 2 survey station intervisibilities；Make during the Point-clouds Registration of each survey station of positioning reference sphere after the filtering
For control point, splice precision for improving；Step 1) using gaussian filtering, mean filter, one kind or one kind in medium filtering
Noise reduction filtering method above；Step 1) in modeling process include a point stage, polygon stage and curved surface stage.
In such scheme, step 2) cloud data of acquisition is filtered and spliced；
In such scheme, step 3) high-resolution camera is more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels；It is described to be based on image
Three-dimensional measurement technology be use bilinear interpolation algorithm interpolation amplification region to be measured, using mean filter eliminate noise, utilize side
Boundary improves the local each several part parting line of thresholding algorithm segmentation ancient building, carries out edge treated using morphologic filtering, utilizes hole
Filling algorithm eliminates the hole being likely to occur in thresholding algorithm, finally extracts the size and dimension information in region to be measured.
In such scheme, in step 3) in, the high-resolution camera more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels uses preceding progress
Demarcation, using 50mm camera lenses, shutter speed is adjusted according to light, marking plate is determined according to the ancient building complexity of selected areas
Placed angle, photo angle and number of taking pictures, are easy to analysis and calculating during mapping.
In such scheme, when surveying and drawing high-altitude part or shield portions, more than or equal to the high-resolution of 20,000,000 pixels
Camera is fixed using advance rower, using 150~500mm zoom lens, is determined according to the ancient building complexity of selected areas
Determine photo angle and number of taking pictures, be easy to analysis and calculating during mapping.
Advantages of the present invention is with effect：Effective integration of the present invention 3 D laser scanning, three-dimensional grating scanning, high-resolution
The modern surveying means such as rate camera combination modeling software mapping, realize that ancient building surface profile, part are thin in a non-contact manner
Section, damaged part or shield portions, and the fine digitalization of high-altitude part or shield portions are surveyed and drawn, and can effectively, comprehensively be obtained
Ancient building three-dimensional space data is taken, speed is fast and precision is high, meet ancient building three-dimensional reconstruction demand.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is theory diagram of the invention.
Survey station and the setting schematic diagram of positioning reference sphere group when Fig. 2 is present invention application.
In figure marked as：1st, route is scanned；2nd, the first positioning reference sphere group；3rd, the second positioning reference sphere group.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to embodiments, but the invention is not limited in these embodiments.
Fig. 1 gives the theory diagram of the present invention, a kind of method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in quick high accuracy noncontact, to ancient architecture
Build surface profile, local detail, damaged part or shield portions and high-altitude part or shield portions take different mapping sides
Formula.
For the surface profile of ancient building, it is scanned using large-space three-dimensional laser scanner, obtains its cloud data
And full-view image, each cloud data has a relative coordinate, and the cloud data of acquisition is unified to same coordinate
The three-dimensional model of ancient building is built after system is lower, the higher surface profile size of precision is mapped out, with reference to building engineering method and building mould
The size and dimension of number amendment ancient building surface profile, finally gives the size and dimension of ancient building surface profile.Large space three
The decorating position and height for tieing up laser scanner are survey station, before 3 D laser scanning is carried out, and first determine scanning route 1, each survey
Position, the quantity of positioning reference sphere group and the position stood：At least two groups positioning reference sphere groups are set along scanning route 1；Every group
Positioning is with reference to asking provided with least one positioning reference sphere group in group, and each positioning reference sphere group of two groups of positioning reference sphere groups hands over
Scanned for being arranged on route 1；Along scanning route 1, at least two survey stations are set；Reference sphere group is separately positioned on 2 survey stations
Between；Each reference sphere group is made up of at least three positioning reference sphere, each to position reference sphere not on the same line；It is each fixed
Position reference sphere at least with 2 survey station intervisibilities.First confirm survey station, set up large-space three-dimensional laser scanner, then put each positioning ginseng
Examine ball.Each positioning reference sphere should as much as possible with survey station intervisibility, at least with former and later two survey station intervisibilities, positioning reference sphere with more
Many survey station intervisibilities, the splicing precision for the cloud data that each survey station is obtained is higher, in addition, to remaining therewith intervisibility survey station also
Protective action can be played.
In fig. 2, between the first survey station and the second survey station positioning reference sphere and the first survey station, the second survey station, the 3rd survey
Stand intervisibility, if the scanning error of the second survey station, then can give up the cloud data of the second survey station acquisition, with the first survey station and the 3rd
The three positioning reference spheres occurred simultaneously in survey station, so that it may complete point cloud and completely splice.By large-space three-dimensional laser scanner frame
It is located at the scanning starting point of route 1, i.e. the first survey station, centering, leveling, adjustment height；By the first positioning reference sphere group wherein
One positioning reference sphere group is placed between the first survey station and the second survey station, i.e. the front side of the first survey station, each positioning reference sphere away from
From the first survey station in the range of 10m, distance diminishes more than 10m, the identified possibility of each positioning reference sphere；In large space three
Laser scanner option and installment file, resolution quality, chromoscan, horizontal/vertical, selection sensor and color is tieed up to set.
" option and installment file " is that user is selected according to actual conditions such as indoor and outdoor and distances, and such as selection is " within outdoor 20m "；
" resolution quality " is set by user according to the complexity of ancient building, its height influence scanning duration；" horizontal/vertical "
Horizontal and vertical scanning range can be configured, default scoping is horizontally oriented 0.0 ° -360.0 °, -60 ° of vertical direction -
90°；Open " chromoscan ", then taken pictures in scanning process, otherwise scanned for black and white, without clapping in scanning process
According to the image information for acquisition of taking pictures truly reduces offer data basis for follow-up picture match；The unlatching of " chromoscan " with
Close, and the scanning range influence of " horizontal/vertical " scans duration, " selection sensor " is selected accordingly according to demand by user
Sensor, different sensors, the precision of scanning is different；Open after " chromoscan ", " color setting " is just meaningful, same
In secondary scan procedure, what each survey station was used should be same group of sweep parameter.
The present invention by the Guilin Jingjiang mansion of a prince acknowledgement of consignment door exemplified by, when being scanned set parameter be respectively " outdoor 20m with
It is interior ", open " chromoscan ", " horizontal/vertical settings " vertical -60 ° -90 °, " is selected using 0.0 ° -360.0 ° of the level of acquiescence
Select sensor " all sensors are selected, open " chromoscan ", " color setting " is full choosing, " senior to set " is default value.
In each survey station, manual rotation large-space three-dimensional laser scanner before scanning starts confirms that no any two positioning reference sphere is same
When it is conllinear with Laser emission mouthful, and starting laser beam segmentation positioning reference sphere should be avoided；Confirm that each positioning reference sphere is effectively swept
The scanning of next survey station can be carried out after retouching.When the first survey station is scanned, reference sphere group 2 is positioned along scanning road by first
Line 1 is placed in the front side of the first survey station, is used as preceding viewpoint；After the first survey station end of scan, the scanning of the second survey station is carried out, will be big empty
Between three-dimensional laser scanner move to the second survey station, the second positioning reference sphere group 3 is placed in before the second survey station along scanning route 1
Side, as preceding viewpoint, now, first positions reference sphere group 2 as the backsight point of the second survey station；The second survey station end of scan
Afterwards, the first positioning reference sphere group 2 is moved between the 3rd survey station and the 4th survey station, as the preceding viewpoint of the 3rd survey station, now
Second positions reference sphere group 3 as the backsight point of the 3rd survey station；Similarly, after the 3rd survey station end of scan, the second positioning is joined
Kao Qiu groups 3 are moved between the 4th survey station and next survey station point, as the preceding viewpoint of the 4th survey station, now first position reference sphere
Group 2 as the 4th survey station backsight point, by that analogy, until carry out last survey station scanning；In last survey station
During scanning, i.e. the n-th survey station (n >=2), without putting positioning reference sphere group as preceding viewpoint, is made with the preceding viewpoint of previous survey station
For the backsight point of present scan, as shown in Figure 2.
Because data volume is huge, some not good enough and erroneous points are there will necessarily be, these points are referred to as noise, and these noise spots are not
But the total quality of cloud data is influenceed, can also influence be produced on the precision of subsequent point cloud and model construction, so necessary
Noise reduction is filtered, different noise-reduction methods should be taken for different noise spots, main method has：Gaussian filtering, average
Filtering, medium filtering etc., the present invention is using at least one progress noise reduction filtering therein；To the point cloud of filtered each survey station point
Data carry out accurately splice when using the positioning reference sphere in scanning process be reference point, to improve splicing precision.It is above-mentioned accurate
Joining method is：In the cloud data that two neighboring stations are obtained, overlapped using three occurred identical control points simultaneously, it is complete
The splicing of the cloud data obtained into neighboring stations, the cloud data of each adjacent survey station for acquiring splices, then obtained one by one
The point cloud of whole ancient building, each dominating pair of vertices answers a reference sphere.The full-view image that collection in worksite is arrived and point cloud
Data are accurately matched, and cloud data is not only carried space three-dimensional information, while also carrying texture information；It is soft using three-dimensional modeling
Part is modeled, and substantial amounts of space triangular dough sheet is constituted with cloud data, so as to reduce physical model hand to hand, then is intended using patch
The method of conjunction directly creates Surfaces model, and main modeling process is divided into：Point stage, polygon stage and curved surface stage.This side
The ancient building surface profile dimensional accuracy that method is obtained is of a relatively high, and error can meet ancient building surface wheel generally within ± 5mm
The error requirements of wide size.
For the local detail of ancient building, essence can not be reached using three-dimensional grating scanner scanning three-dimensional laser scanner
Desired local detail is spent, such as local hidden area, tracery, embossment, accessory obtain the fine-point cloud number of its size and dimension
According to, it is reverse using three-dimensional perspective according to the material characteristics of these local details, it is special with reference to building engineering method and building of each history age
The size and dimension of point amendment ancient building local detail.Ancient building local detail is scanned, is divided into three steps：Demarcation three
Tie up raster scanner；Select connecting method.Automatic Mosaic is applied to that article size is moderate, and surface texture is simple, and surface have compared with
Many flat sites are adapted to the component of sticking sign point, during using automatic Mosaic, and the mark being of moderate size is pasted at component to be measured
Point, can select three kinds of various sizes of index points, internal diameter is respectively 6mm, 3mm and 1.5mm, index point according to scanning accuracy demand
It is the reference of a cloud；When the component minimum to size, details is complicated is using manual splicing, without sticking sign point, make same
When appear in three index points in 2 groups of scanning cloud datas and overlap.In the principle of component surface sticking sign point to be measured：
Random dispersion, can not be conllinear.Region to be scanned is divided according to the size of component to be scanned or local detail, for blocked scan
Fine cloud data is also required to be filtered and spliced to obtain complete partial 3 d cloud data, so as to obtain architectural detail
Or the detailed threedimensional mathematical model of accessory, and can complete to merge with the seamless of the cloud data of 3 D laser scanning.Can be according to complete
Whole partial 3 d cloud data, the building local's details being identical with the original is produced by 3D printer or digital engraving
Part.The size of the ancient building local detail measured using three-dimensional grating scanner is relatively independent, complete, measurement accuracy error is led to
Often in ± 0.03mm~0.1mm, architectural detail or the requirement of accessory measurement accuracy disclosure satisfy that.
For the damaged part of ancient building or shield portions, using high-resolution close range photogrammetry method.At image
Reason technology is partitioned into the local feature of each tool style, and it is gathered using the high-resolution camera more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels
Digital information, its critical size and form parameter are intelligently obtained using three-dimensional measurement technology and perspective relation based on image,
With the moulding linear feature of each placement members of ancient building in above-mentioned critical size and form parameter, and specification and engineering method, intend
Close out the size and dimension of the damaged part of ancient building or shield portions.Point, is fitted to line, line is intended by intelligence repairing point, line, surface
Synthesis face, for some standard curved surfaces, such as section is the curved surface of standard curve, is directly fitted to face by characteristic point.
Need to demarcate it before taking pictures using the high-resolution camera more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels, use focal length
50mm camera lens is taken pictures, and shutter speed is adjusted according to light conditions, it may be necessary to use artificial floor light, but as far as possible
Larger shadow surface is avoided, to obtain clear, the obvious photo of profile.Will be according to the complexity of selected areas ancient building when taking pictures
Decide whether to place marking plate and the angle taken pictures and number of taking pictures, be easy to the analysis and calculating of subsequent survey, obtain the part
Ancient building size and dimension.Three-dimensional measurement technology based on image, it is to be processed to being needed in the high-definition picture of collection first
Region is intercepted and carries out gray processing processing, then the region intercepted with bilinear interpolation algorithm interpolation amplification, is filtered using average
Ripple eliminates noise, recycles border to improve thresholding algorithm and is partitioned into the local each several part parting line of ancient building, with morphologic filtering
Edge treated is carried out, with Hole filling algorithms, the hole being likely to occur in thresholding algorithm is eliminated, ancient building is finally extracted damaged
Part or the size and dimension information of shield portions.The damaged part of ancient building or the size and shape of shield portions that the step is obtained
The three dimensional point cloud of shape and ancient building surface profile and local detail is spliced, can obtain ancient building full-size and
Shape.This method repairs trueness error generally in ± 0.01mm~1mm, meets the requirement of ancient building measurement accuracy.
High-altitude part or the shield portions of the size and dimension information of required precision can not be obtained meeting for above-mentioned steps,
Surveyed and drawn using Digital Photogrammetric System.The local feature of each tool style is partitioned into by image processing techniques first, using taking the photograph
Shadow measuring system take pictures and inversely, i.e., using the high-resolution camera more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels gather its point,
Line, region feature, the ancient building reference dimension determined with reference to ancient building surface profile, local detail, damaged part or shield portions
Analyzed and determined with shape, it is reverse by three-dimensional perspective, the high-altitude part of inverse structure ancient building or the size of shield portions and
Shape.Need to demarcate high-resolution camera before being taken pictures, clapped using 150~500mm of focal length zoom lens
According to high-resolution camera is initially secured on firm tripod, is taken pictures in the available light preferable period, according to light
Line situation adjusts shutter speed, but avoids larger shadow surface as far as possible, and to obtain clear, the obvious photo of profile, root is wanted when taking pictures
The angle taken pictures and number of taking pictures are determined according to selected areas ancient building complexity, generally to have certain angle with the object of shooting
Degree, forms perspective relation, is easy to the analysis and calculating of subsequent survey, obtains the part ancient building size and dimension.This step is obtained
To ancient building high-altitude part or the point, line, surface boundary line of outline of shield portions reparation trueness error generally ± 0.01mm~
1mm, meets construction account required precision.
By ancient building surface profile, local detail, damaged part or shield portions and high-altitude part or shield portions these
Block data is arranged, and uniformly into the same coordinate system, splices whole digital spot cloud information of ancient building.
Using above-mentioned whole digital spot cloud information, the surface profile of whole ancient building and the size and shape of local detail are obtained
Shape information, and the digital information of damaged part or shield portions, high-altitude part or shield portions is combined, according to ancient building drawing gauge
Then and precision, the characteristic point to ancient building is accurately chosen, and depicts characteristic curve, thus obtain corresponding plan, it is vertical
The two dimension views such as face figure, profile.
According to the surface profile size and dimension information of whole ancient building, ancient building 3 D digital model, knot are built
Coating material, color and the lines for closing ancient building restore the three-dimensional birds-eye view of ancient building.Wherein, ancient building surface profile and part are thin
Coating material, color and the lines information of section can be obtained directly, the damaged part of ancient building or shield portions and high-altitude part or screening
Coating material, color and the lines information of stopper point can be obtained by high definition photo.According to the ancient building 3 D stereo number of structure
Word model, can print high-precision pseudo-classic architecture model and ancient building local detail model by 3D printer.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in quick high accuracy noncontact, comprises the following steps, it is characterised in that：
1) cloud data and full-view image of ancient building surface profile are obtained using large-space three-dimensional laser scanner, ancient architecture is built
The three-dimensional model built, with reference to building engineering method and the size and dimension of building module amendment ancient building surface profile；
2) the fine cloud data of ancient building local detail is obtained using three-dimensional grating scanner, according to material characteristics, with reference to Gu
Build the size and dimension of engineering method and history age architectural feature amendment ancient building local detail；
3) the high-resolution camera collection damaged part of ancient building or shield portions for being more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels are utilized
Digital information, the critical size and form parameter of ancient building are obtained using the three-dimensional measurement technology based on image and perspective relation,
With the moulding linear feature of each placement members of ancient building in the critical size and form parameter, and specification and engineering method, intend
Close out the size and dimension of the damaged part of ancient building or shield portions；
4) local feature of each tool style is partitioned into by image processing techniques, is taken pictures using Digital Photogrammetric System and inverse
To its point, line, surface feature being gathered using the high-resolution camera more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels, with reference to ancient building table
The ancient building reference dimension and shape that facial contour, local detail, damaged part or shield portions are determined are analyzed and determined, are led to
Cross three-dimensional perspective inversely, the high-altitude part of inverse structure ancient building or the size and dimension of shield portions；
5) block data that above-mentioned steps are measured is arranged, and uniformly into the same coordinate system, splices the whole of ancient building
Digital spot cloud information；
6) according to step 5) whole digital spot cloud information and step 3) digital information, obtain the surface profile of whole ancient building
With the size and dimension information of local detail, draw ancient building and restore drawing；
7) according to step 6) the surface profile size and dimension information architecture ancient building 3 D digital model of whole ancient building,
The three-dimensional birds-eye view of ancient building is restored with reference to the coating material of ancient building, color and lines.
2. the method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in a kind of quick high accuracy noncontact according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Carry out
Step 1) before, along scanning route (1), at least two groups positioning reference sphere groups are set；Every group of positioning reference is asked and at least 1 is provided with group
Individual positioning reference sphere group, each positioning reference sphere group of two groups of positioning reference sphere groups is alternately disposed on scanning route (1)；Edge
Scanning route (1) and at least two survey stations are set；Reference sphere group is separately positioned between two survey stations；Each reference sphere group
It is made up of at least three positioning reference sphere, it is each to position reference sphere not on the same line；Each positioning reference sphere is at least surveyed with 2
Stand intervisibility；As control point during the Point-clouds Registration of each survey station of positioning reference sphere after the filtering, for improving splicing precision；
Step 1) using one or more kinds of noise reduction filtering methods in gaussian filtering, mean filter, medium filtering；Step 1) in
Modeling process include a point stage, polygon stage and curved surface stage.
3. the method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in a kind of quick high accuracy noncontact according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
2) cloud data of acquisition is filtered and spliced；
4. the method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in a kind of quick high accuracy noncontact according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
3) high-resolution camera is more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels；The three-dimensional measurement technology based on image is to use bilinearity
Interpolation algorithm interpolation amplification region to be measured, noise is eliminated using mean filter, and thresholding algorithm segmentation ancient building is improved using border
Local each several part parting line, edge treated is carried out using morphologic filtering, and being eliminated using Hole filling algorithms can in thresholding algorithm
The hole that can occur, finally extracts the size and dimension information in region to be measured.
5. the method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in a kind of quick high accuracy noncontact according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step
It is rapid 3) in, the high-resolution camera more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels is fixed using advance rower, using 50mm camera lenses, according to light
Line adjusts shutter speed, determines marking plate placed angle, photo angle according to the ancient building complexity of selected areas and takes pictures
Number, is easy to analysis and calculating during mapping.
6. the method that ancient building is surveyed and drawn in a kind of quick high accuracy noncontact according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Surveying
When painting high-altitude part or shield portions, the high-resolution camera more than or equal to 20,000,000 pixels is fixed using advance rower, adopts
With 150~500mm zoom lens, photo angle is determined according to the ancient building complexity of selected areas and number of taking pictures, just
Analysis and calculating when mapping.
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| CN106441200B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2019-03-08 | 先临三维科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method for three-dimensional measurement of more measurement patterns |
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