CN112288848A - Method for calculating engineering quantity through three-dimensional modeling of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography - Google Patents
Method for calculating engineering quantity through three-dimensional modeling of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
- G01B11/2518—Projection by scanning of the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/02—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures
- G01C11/025—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures by scanning the object
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating engineering quantity by three-dimensional modeling of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography, which comprises the following steps: acquiring image information of a measuring area by using unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography; processing the acquired image information by using three-dimensional live-action modeling software to generate a three-dimensional point cloud data model based on a real image, forming an irregular triangular grid by point clouds to generate a measuring area digital surface model, and performing texture mapping based on a tile technology to generate a three-dimensional model of a measuring area; and calculating the engineering quantity by using the three-dimensional model. According to the method, data acquired by aerial photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle are provided with coordinate points and elevation information, and point positions are automatically matched during modeling, so that the accuracy of a model is ensured, the accuracy of calculated amount is improved, and reliable data is provided for engineering calculated amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the field of engineering quantities, in particular to a method for calculating engineering quantities by three-dimensional modeling of aerial photography of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Background
With the progress of modern technology, more and more new technologies are applied to construction engineering. Although the traditional construction industry has the application of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography for picture acquisition, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography technology and the modeling technology are rarely combined for calculation.
The traditional calculation mode is field manual measurement, and is difficult to acquire data in areas with large areas, complex curved surfaces and high risk coefficients, and consumes labor and time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for calculating engineering quantity by three-dimensional modeling of aerial photography of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and solves the problems of low precision of the existing calculation quantity mode, low speed of a measuring and calculating method, more manpower needed and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for calculating engineering quantity by three-dimensional modeling of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography comprises the following steps:
acquiring image information of a measuring area by using unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography;
processing the acquired image information by using three-dimensional live-action modeling software to generate a three-dimensional point cloud data model based on a real image, forming an irregular triangular grid by point clouds to generate a measuring area digital surface model, and performing texture mapping based on a tile technology to generate a three-dimensional model of a measuring area;
and calculating the engineering quantity by using the three-dimensional model.
As an embodiment of the method of the present invention, the step of acquiring the image information of the measurement area by using the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography includes:
performing on-site reconnaissance before aerial photography to obtain a survey area and the surrounding environment;
planning a flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle and setting aerial photography parameters;
and setting the shutter speed, the light sensitivity and the aperture of the camera according to the shooting time and the light intensity, and taking off and aerial shooting by the unmanned aerial vehicle.
As an embodiment of the method of the present invention, setting the aerial photography parameter comprises: the course overlapping rate is set to be between 60% and 80%, and the lateral overlapping degree is set to be between 15% and 60%.
As an embodiment of the method of the present invention, before generating the three-dimensional point cloud data model by using the three-dimensional live-action modeling software, the method further includes the steps of: preprocessing the image information, leading the image information out of the unmanned aerial vehicle to a computer, checking the integrity and the definition of photos, eliminating photos which do not meet requirements, classifying and storing the image information at the same visual angle, and corresponding the longitude and latitude information with the photo information.
As an implementation mode of the method, the three-dimensional live-action modeling software adopts Context Capture software.
As an implementation mode of the method, the step of constructing the three-dimensional point cloud data model by using the Context Capture software comprises the following steps:
identifying the point location of the aerial image: acquiring connecting points corresponding to the multi-view images by using an oblique image joint adjustment algorithm, and combining the connecting points with the coordinates of known control points to perform block adjustment operation to obtain high-precision external orientation elements of all aerial images and the coordinates of all unknown points in the model;
point location matching of aerial photos: utilizing oblique image dense matching to quickly determine homonymous image points of an image, based on a space plane after regular grid division, creating a stereopair by using a multi-primitive and multi-view dense image matching technology, combining object surface elements, image feature points and imaging and feature information on a multi-view image, and adopting an unfixed reference image matching strategy to match oblique image data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
and (4) calculating according to the oblique image joint adjustment to obtain the external orientation elements and object space coordinates of each image, and densely matching according to the oblique images to obtain a high-density three-dimensional point cloud data model.
As an embodiment of the method of the present invention, the step of texture mapping includes: based on the tile technology, a certain included angle is formed between a normal equation of each triangular patch of the three-dimensional irregular triangular grid and the two-dimensional image, corresponding and most suitable textures are selected according to the included angle to complete automatic mapping of the textures, and a three-dimensional model of the measuring area is generated.
As an implementation mode of the method, Context Capture software is used for calculating the engineering quantity of the three-dimensional model.
Compared with the traditional calculated amount, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography data acquisition method has the advantages that the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography data acquisition can be remotely controlled, the danger of manual operation under extreme conditions is avoided, and the labor is saved. And the data that utilizes unmanned aerial vehicle to take photo by plane to gather have coordinate point and elevation information, automatic matching point location when modeling, guaranteed the accuracy of model, improved the precision of calculated amount, provide reliable data for the engineering calculated amount.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Compared with the traditional calculated amount, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography data acquisition can be remotely controlled, the danger of manual operation under extreme conditions is avoided, and manpower is saved. And the data that utilizes unmanned aerial vehicle to take photo by plane to gather have coordinate point and elevation information, automatic matching point location when modeling, guaranteed the accuracy of model, improved the precision of calculated amount, provide reliable data for the engineering calculated amount.
The invention discloses a method for calculating engineering quantity by three-dimensional modeling of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography, which mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting image information of a measuring area:
preparation work before aerial photography: the method is characterized in that the site and field exploration is carried out, the environment of a survey area and the surrounding environment of the survey area, including building distribution, height and other information, is known, and preparation is made for planning later-stage air routes and determining flight height.
Planning the flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle: in order to ensure the precision and the definition of the later-stage three-dimensional model, DJIplotAPP is adopted to plan a route, and the set parameters are as follows: course overlapping rate (course overlapping is also called longitudinal overlapping, and is the condition that the same ground image part is arranged on adjacent photos along the same route in the aerial photography) is between 60% and 80%, and side overlapping degree (side overlapping is also called transverse overlapping, in the aerial photography, the same ground image part is arranged on adjacent photos along two adjacent routes) is between 15% and 60%, and when the route is designed, the route range is properly extended for ensuring the quality of a boundary model of a survey area.
Unmanned aerial vehicle takes photo by plane: before taking off, the shutter speed and the light sensitivity of the camera are set according to the shooting time and the light intensity, and a smaller aperture is set to ensure the picture definition. Then adopting DJIplotAPP to automatically fly and shoot. In the process of taking photo by plane, take care of observing the unmanned aerial vehicle circumstances on every side to guarantee that taking photo by plane accomplishes smoothly.
Secondly, preprocessing image information:
export image information (like the photo) to the computer from unmanned aerial vehicle, inspect the integrality and the definition of image, reject the image that does not meet the requirements to the image of same visual angle is classified and is stored, corresponds longitude and latitude information and photo information with the convenience.
Thirdly, constructing a three-dimensional model (using Context Capture three-dimensional live-action modeling software):
point location identification of aerial photos: the method comprises the steps of obtaining connecting points corresponding to multi-view images by utilizing a tilt image joint adjustment algorithm, and carrying out block adjustment operation on the connecting points and the coordinates of known control points to obtain high-precision external orientation elements of all aerial photos (the external orientation elements are basic data for determining the geometric relation of a photographic beam in an object space).
Point location matching of aerial photos: the oblique image dense matching can quickly determine the homonymous image points of the images (the conformation formed by light rays emitted by the same ground point on two adjacent images), based on the space plane after the regular grid division, a stereoscopic image pair is created by using a multi-primitive and multi-view dense image matching technology, and the oblique image data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle is matched by adopting a non-fixed reference image matching strategy by combining the object side surface elements, the image side characteristic points and the imaging and characteristic information on the multi-view images.
Fourthly, generating a digital surface model:
and calculating according to the oblique image joint adjustment to obtain the external orientation elements and object space coordinates of each image, carrying out dense matching according to the oblique image to obtain a high-density three-dimensional point cloud data model, and forming an irregular triangular network by the point cloud to further form a high-precision and high-resolution Digital Surface Model (DSM).
Fifthly, texture mapping:
the texture mapping is mainly based on the tile technology, a certain included angle is formed between a normal equation of each triangular patch of the three-dimensional irregular triangular grid and the two-dimensional image, and the corresponding and most suitable texture is selected according to the included angle to complete automatic mapping of the texture, so that a three-dimensional model of the measuring area is generated.
Sixthly, calculating the engineering quantity by using the three-dimensional model:
at the moment, points on the three-dimensional model have relative position relation, the real scene of the measuring region can be highly restored, and the engineering quantity can be calculated by directly utilizing Context Capture software.
The following takes a conference center project as an example, and further details the specific implementation method of the method for calculating the engineering quantity by three-dimensional modeling for aerial photography by the unmanned aerial vehicle of the invention.
1) Survey area profile: the survey area is at a tourist vacation area, a north-south mountain and an east lake, and the terrain is complex. The change of the terrain positioned at the south end of the project is large, and slope protection reinforcement is performed on site for ensuring construction safety. Because the slope protection area is great, the traditional calculation amount is low in efficiency, and on the basis, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography modeling method is adopted to calculate the engineering amount.
2) Acquiring aerial photos and preprocessing
The big Xinjiang mavic 2zoom unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted in the aerial photography, the model is a single-lens unmanned aerial vehicle, the resolution of a lens is 1200 ten thousand pixels, the weight of the body is 905g, and the endurance time is 30 minutes.
An open area is selected near a survey area for taking off, two routes are planned in consideration of the fact that the scope of the survey area is small, namely shooting is carried out at two angles vertical to the ground and vertical to a slope, manual control (when the scope of the survey area is large, DJIPLOTAPP automatic planning routes can be used, automatic flight shooting is carried out) is carried out on the routes for shooting, and the course overlapping rate of photos is ensured to be 85%, and the lateral overlapping rate is ensured to be 75%. The photo attributes shot by the unmanned aerial vehicle comprise longitude and latitude and pos information, and after shooting is finished, the photo is guided into a computer to be checked, and the photos with poor imaging quality such as deformation and blur are removed.
3) Building three-dimensional models
The method is characterized in that Context Capture software is adopted for modeling, the software is full-automatic rapid three-dimensional modeling software which is based on a graphic operation unit and does not need manual intervention, as long as two-dimensional images meet the requirement of overlapping degree, rapid three-dimensional scene calculation is carried out by an image dense matching technology based on GPU parallel operation, high-precision external orientation elements of a series of continuous images can be calculated through automatic space-three solution, an ultrahigh-density point cloud data model based on real images is generated, and further construction of a three-dimensional model of a measuring area is completed. The specific modeling process is as follows:
(1) and importing the photos into the Context Capture software.
(2) The integrity and size of the image file is checked.
(3) And submitting aerial triangulation to obtain a high-density three-dimensional point cloud data model.
4) And constructing a three-dimensional model, forming an irregular triangular grid by the point cloud, generating a measuring area digital surface model, and performing texture mapping based on a tile technology to generate the three-dimensional model of the measuring area.
5) After the three-dimensional model is obtained, the calculation work of the engineering quantity can be quickly realized by using a measuring tool of the Context Capture software.
(5-1) calculating the distance between the two points, and clicking the two points to be measured by using a mouse;
(5-2) calculating the area of the curved surface (such as an opposite curved surface and a slope with high manual measurement difficulty), and selecting a point of the boundary of the area of the curved surface by using a mouse to automatically obtain the area;
(5-3) calculating the volume (such as earthwork, and the like), selecting points on the upper surface of the stacking masonry by using a mouse, covering the points on the upper surface as much as possible, automatically calculating the volume by software according to the projection relation, and adjusting the final projection surface of the upper surface according to the requirement.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; the modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are all included in the scope of the present invention.
The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (8)
1. A method for calculating engineering quantity by three-dimensional modeling of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring image information of a measuring area by using unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography;
processing the acquired image information by using three-dimensional live-action modeling software to generate a three-dimensional point cloud data model based on a real image, forming an irregular triangular grid by point clouds to generate a measuring area digital surface model, and performing texture mapping based on a tile technology to generate a three-dimensional model of a measuring area;
and calculating the engineering quantity by using the three-dimensional model.
2. The method for calculating the engineering quantity through the three-dimensional modeling of the aerial photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring the image information of the survey area through the aerial photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps:
performing on-site reconnaissance before aerial photography to obtain a survey area and the surrounding environment;
planning a flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle and setting aerial photography parameters;
and setting the shutter speed, the light sensitivity and the aperture of the camera according to the shooting time and the light intensity, and taking off and aerial shooting by the unmanned aerial vehicle.
3. The method for calculating the engineering quantity through three-dimensional modeling by unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography according to claim 2, wherein the setting of the aerial photography parameters comprises: the course overlapping rate is set to be between 60% and 80%, and the lateral overlapping degree is set to be between 15% and 60%.
4. The method for calculating the engineering quantity by three-dimensional modeling for unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising the steps of, before generating the three-dimensional point cloud data model by using the three-dimensional real scene modeling software: preprocessing the image information, leading the image information out of the unmanned aerial vehicle to a computer, checking the integrity and the definition of photos, eliminating photos which do not meet requirements, classifying and storing the image information at the same visual angle, and corresponding the longitude and latitude information with the photo information.
5. The method for calculating the engineering quantity through three-dimensional modeling by unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional live-action modeling software adopts Context Capture software.
6. The method for calculating the engineering quantity through three-dimensional modeling by unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography according to claim 5, wherein the step of constructing the three-dimensional point cloud data model by using the Context Capture software comprises the following steps:
identifying the point location of the aerial image: acquiring connecting points corresponding to the multi-view images by using an oblique image joint adjustment algorithm, and combining the connecting points with the coordinates of known control points to perform block adjustment operation to obtain high-precision external orientation elements of all aerial images and the coordinates of all unknown points in the model;
point location matching of aerial photos: utilizing oblique image dense matching to quickly determine homonymous image points of an image, based on a space plane after regular grid division, creating a stereopair by using a multi-primitive and multi-view dense image matching technology, combining object surface elements, image feature points and imaging and feature information on a multi-view image, and adopting an unfixed reference image matching strategy to match oblique image data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
and (4) calculating according to the oblique image joint adjustment to obtain the external orientation elements and object space coordinates of each image, and densely matching according to the oblique images to obtain a high-density three-dimensional point cloud data model.
7. The method for calculating the engineering quantity by three-dimensional modeling for unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography according to claim 6, wherein the step of texture mapping comprises: based on the tile technology, a certain included angle is formed between a normal equation of each triangular patch of the three-dimensional irregular triangular grid and the two-dimensional image, corresponding and most suitable textures are selected according to the included angle to complete automatic mapping of the textures, and a three-dimensional model of the measuring area is generated.
8. The method for calculating the engineering quantity through the three-dimensional modeling of the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography according to claim 5, characterized in that the engineering quantity of the three-dimensional model is calculated by using Context Capture software.
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