CN105623644A - Amino-modified water-soluble fluorescent quantum dot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Amino-modified water-soluble fluorescent quantum dot and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an amino-modified water-soluble fluorescent quantum dot and a preparation method thereof. The water-soluble fluorescent quantum dot is of a multi-layer core-shell structure, an oil-soluble fluorescent quantum dot (such as CdSe/ZnS) is adopted as a core, the surface of the oil-soluble fluorescent quantum dot is subjected to a silanization rection, so that the lipophilic and hydrophobic properties of the quantum dots are modified into hydrophily in one step; furthermore, an amino group (-NH2) is adopted, so that surface amino modification for the water-soluble quantum dot is finished; the prepared amino-modified water-soluble quantum dot has an average size of 10nm and is uniform in size, has a wide excitation spectrum continuously distributed in a range of 250-602nm, and has good emission spectrum monochromaticity with a maximum emission wavelength of 634nm and fluorescence-emission half peak width of 43nm. The amino-modified quantum dot is good in biocompatibility, can be coupled with various bioactive substances, and has great practical value and application prospect in the biology and medicine fields such as immunofluorescence diagnose, cell imaging and living imaging.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced nano composite material and biochemical analysis technical field, relate to a kind of amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The full name of quantum dot is semiconductor-quantum-point (SemiconductorQuantumDots, it is called for short quantum dot), being the nano-particle elementary composition by II-VI group or iii-v, particle size range is typically in 2 ~ 20nm, wherein studies more mainly CdX(X=S, Se, Te). As a kind of state-of-the art luminescent material, compared with conventional organic dyes molecule, the maximum advantage of quantum dot is in that its abundant color. The quantum dot of single kind just can produce a label family that emission wavelength is different, color is clearly demarcated by the change of grain size, and this is that dye molecule cannot realize at all. Additionally, its exciting light spectrum width and continuous distribution, and emission spectrum monochromaticity is good, and Color tunable, and can bear exciting and light emission repeatedly, has lasting photochemical stability (its fluorescent lifetime can be 100 times of conventional dyes molecule under certain conditions). Therefore, the optical property of these excellences makes it have shown that great development potentiality in the application of medical domain biology such as immunofluorescence diagnosis, cell imaging, living imaging, causes international most attention. In recent years, owing to the nucleocapsid of core-shell type quantum point is usually material composition two kinds different, separating of conduction band and valence band is there will be with the interface of shell at core, hole is made to be bound in core, and electronics is bound in shell (or electronics is bound in core, and hole is bound in shell), thus limiting the range of movement of hole or electronics, enhance the anti-light bleachability of quantum dot, improve the stability of quantum dot. Therefore, core-shell type quantum point is the focus that current researcheres are paid close attention to.
At present, a lot of high-performance quantum dot points are all prepared in organic solvent, and quantum dot prepared by this method is all oil-soluble, its poorly water-soluble, it is impossible to directly apply in living things system. It is applied to the necessary soluble in water or buffer solution of quantum dot of biochemical analysis field, it is therefore desirable to introduce hydrophilic radical on its surface so that it is there is good water solublity, and can with corresponding biomolecule generation coupling reaction. Many researchers adopts the band thiol compound such as TGA, mercaptoethylmaine as part, oil-soluble quantum dot is modified, make it have water solublity, but the sulfydryl of this quantum dot surface easily forms disulfide bond and comes off, cause that this kind of quantum dot has unstability after purified so that it is application obtains certain restriction. Earth silicon material has that preparation is simple, be prone to the advantage such as surface modification and good biocompatibility, with it, quantum dot surface is carried out modification, method is simply controlled, and the product biocompatibility obtained and good stability, and its anti-light bleaching power is also correspondingly improved. Therefore, silicon dioxide is one of quantum-dot modified optimal material. Meanwhile, silylating reagent can introduce various group at silica surface again. Therefore, adopt coated with silica, silylating reagent modification technology to combine, significantly expanded the oil-soluble quantum dot range of application at biochemical analysis field.
Chinese patent application 201110104542.X, name is called the " fluorescence quantum/SiO 2 composite microsphere of finishing, its preparation method and application " patent of invention in give a kind of fluorescence quantum and preparation method thereof, but in this patent, it it is only the cadmium telluride (CdTe) of a kind of single layer structure, cadmium selenide (CdSe), the fluorescence quantum that cadmium sulfide (CdS) is kernel, surface has carried out chemical modification, the product cut size of this patent is between 15 ~ 200nm, patented product is shown as quantum dot surface under transmission electron microscope and has been coated with a thick layer of silicon layer, silicon layer is internal most for being wrapped in multiple quantum dot granule, agent structure is silicon layer, quantum dot only accounts for a small part for volume fractiion. and patent have employed two-step method, first the quantum dot of single layer structure is carried out SiO2Silylation modification, is obtaining SiO2Carrying out the functional group containing amino, carboxyl, sulfydryl etc. on the product that silylation modification is complete again to modify, its preparation method is inverted emulsion method (Water-In-Oil method), and preparation time was up to 1 ~ 6 day, and preparation efficiency is relatively low.
Summary of the invention
For prior art Problems existing, an object of the present invention there are provided that a kind of preparation method is simple, quantum yield is high, good water solubility and can be applicable to the fluorescence nano composite material of biochemical analysis technical field.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, described fluorescence quantum includes oil-soluble quantum dot kernel, and oil-soluble quantum dot kernel is modified with containing the silica-based (-SiCH of 3-aminopropyl2CH2CH2NH2) or N-the propyl group silica-based (-SiCH of ethylenediamine base2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2) aminosilane groups of structure.
According to above-mentioned amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, described oil-soluble quantum dot kernel is the oil-soluble quantum dot with multiple structure, structure is X/R1/R2/ .../Rn, wherein X is quantum dot innermost layer, for binary or ternary quantum dots, it may be preferable to for CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnSe, ZnS, InAs or CuInS2, R is layer structure, and for the mixture of CdS and/or ZnS arbitrary proportion, n is quantum dot outer layer quantity, 1��n��12. Preferably, the particle size distribution of described oil-soluble quantum dot is 2 ~ 20nm, it is preferable that 3 ~ 10nm.
A kind of preparation method of amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, described method comprises the steps: to mix oil-soluble quantum dot, tetraethyl orthosilicate and the silication alkane reagent containing amino, tetraethyl orthosilicate and the silylating reagent containing amino is made to be copolymerized at oil-soluble quantum dot surface, it is thus achieved that amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot.
Preparation method according to above-mentioned amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, the usage ratio of oil-soluble quantum dot, tetraethyl orthosilicate and the silication alkane reagent containing amino is: 9 ~ 10nmol:0.1 ~ 0.3mL:0.1 ~ 0.2mL.
Preparation method according to above-mentioned amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, silylating reagent containing amino is: 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, N-propyl group ethylenediamine base trimethoxy silane, N-propyl group ethylenediamine ethyl triethoxy silicane alkane or, therein one or more.
Preparation method according to above-mentioned amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, the reaction temperature of copolyreaction is 10 ~ 90 DEG C.
Preparation method according to above-mentioned amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, the reaction temperature of copolyreaction is preferably 60 ~ 70 DEG C.
Preparation method according to above-mentioned amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, the copolyreaction time is 2 ~ 12 hours, it is preferable that 4 hours.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, described silane group is selected from: N-the propyl group silica-based (-SiCH of ethylenediamine base2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2).
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, described silane reagent is selected from: N-propyl group ethylenediamine base trimethoxy silane or N-propyl group ethylenediamine ethyl triethoxy silicane alkane.
" 3-aminopropyl " or " N-propyl group ethylenediamine base " is bonded to oil-soluble fluorescent quantum dot surface by the present invention, utilizes the hydrophilic of amino, forms a kind of water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, and products obtained therefrom has good water solublity. The amino that material surface is modified, it is possible to the bioactive substance such as coupling protein, antibody. Meanwhile, the quantum dot kernel of high quantum production rate can realize the multi-functional detection after this material coupling bioactive substance.
Above-mentioned material structural representation is as it is shown in figure 1, the ball wherein with black shell represents the oil-soluble quantum dot adopted in the present invention, and the group on the right represents the aminosilane groups at this material surface silanization bonding.
Compared with prior art, there is advantages that
Amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot of the present invention, adopts the oil-soluble quantum dot having multiple structure as kernel, by Silicane Method, quantum dot is carried out surface modification, substantially increase hydrophilic and the stability of quantum dot. The quantum dot of multiple structure, fluorescence intensity is higher, fluorescence not easily cancellation, and more stable, size tunable have also been obtained lifting. Due to the existence of amino, while prepared quantum dot hydrophilic strengthens, can coupling direct with biomolecule, there is again good fluorescence property, as biomolecule fluorescent labeling, can have a good application prospect at biochemical analysis field. In addition, in the present invention, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is hydrolyzed in course of reaction and just can produce silicon dioxide and be coated with at quantum dot surface, the silylating reagent simultaneously containing amino also can modify quantum dot surface with silicon dioxde reaction, thus reaching the purpose that one-step method is modified, this preparation method adopts one-step method to complete quantum dot from oleophylic, hydrophobicity to hydrophilically modified, and a step introduces amino (-NH2) group, enormously simplify technique, improve reaction efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: amido modified water soluble fluorescence Quantum dots CdS e/ZnSSiO2The structural representation of &PSA;
Fig. 2: amido modified water soluble fluorescence Quantum dots CdS e/ZnSSiO2Transmission electron microscope (TEM) figure and high power transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) figure of &PSA;
Fig. 3: amido modified water soluble fluorescence Quantum dots CdS e/ZnSSiO2Infrared (FT-IR) figure of &PSA;
Fig. 4: amido modified water soluble fluorescence Quantum dots CdS e/ZnSSiO2Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrum of &PSA;
Fig. 5: amido modified water soluble fluorescence Quantum dots CdS e/ZnSSiO2Fluorescence (PL) spectrum of &PSA: (A) excitation spectrum and (B) emission spectrum.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by detailed description of the invention.
The preparation 1 of embodiment 1. material
The present invention is to carry out modification, synthesizing water-solubility fluorescence quantum CdSe/ZnSSiO to oil-soluble fluorescent Quantum dots CdS e/ZnS by " N-propyl group ethylenediamine base "2&PSA is example, and preparation process is as follows:
0.5mL(9.4nmol is added in 250mL there-necked flask) particle diameter is the chloroformic solution of CdSe/ZnS quantum dot of 8nm, 0.05g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 50mL water, ultrasonic mix homogeneously. Drip the mixed solution of 0.2mL tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 0.1mLN-propyl group ethylenediamine base trimethoxy silane under mechanical agitation, dropwise and be heated to 10 DEG C, insulation reaction 12 hours. Reaction is cooled to room temperature after terminating, centrifugal abandoning supernatant, washs three times (, for add appropriate solvent in product, ultrasonic disperse is uniform for washing operation, centrifugal supernatant discarded) respectively with ethanol and water, obtains product.
The preparation 2 of embodiment 2. material
Step, with embodiment 1, drips the mixed solution of 0.3mL tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 0.2mLN-propyl group ethylenediamine base trimethoxy silane under mechanical agitation.
The preparation 3 of embodiment 3. material
Step with embodiment 1,
Step is with embodiment 1, reaction temperature 35 DEG C, insulation reaction 9 hours.
The preparation 4 of embodiment 4. material
Step is with embodiment 1, reaction temperature 60 DEG C, insulation reaction 5 hours.
The preparation 5 of embodiment 5. material
Step is with embodiment 1, reaction temperature 70 DEG C, insulation reaction 4 hours.
The preparation 6 of embodiment 6. material
Step is with embodiment 1, reaction temperature 90 DEG C, insulation reaction 2 hours.
The sign of embodiment 7. material
The impact on reaction rate of 7.1 reaction temperatures
By quantum dot in observing response process from lipophile to hydrophilic conversion situation, investigating the reaction temperature impact on the response time, quantum dot can shift after being converted into hydrophilic from organic facies in aqueous phase. Result shows that reaction temperature is more high, and it is more short that quantum dot is converted into the response time used by hydrophilic from lipophile; Reaction temperature is more low, and it is more long that quantum dot is converted into the response time used by hydrophilic from lipophile. Consider cooling required time, select " reaction temperature 70 DEG C, insulation reaction 4 hours ", as optimization scheme.
The impact on product of the consumption of 7.2 silylating reagents
The zeta current potential utilizing the potential measurement instrument CdSe/ZnSSiO2&PSA material to obtaining under different condition characterizes, result shows that the zeta current potential of this material is between+20 ~+65mV, increase along with PSA silylating reagent Yu the ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, zeta current potential presents increase tendency, the amino that illustrative material surface bond is abundant, and the stability of material is high.
7.3 material C dSe/ZnSSiO2The morphology characterization of &PSA
Utilize transmission electron microscope (TEM) to characterize water soluble fluorescence Quantum dots CdS e/ZnSSiO2&PSA, see Fig. 2. From Fig. 2 A and Fig. 2 B it can be seen that oil-soluble Quantum dots CdS e/ZnS is monodisperse particles shape, its crystallinity is good, and mean diameter is 8nm. Modified through coated with silica, silylating reagent, successfully it is coated with one layer of shell at quantum dot surface, has defined nucleocapsid structure, and still in monodisperse particles, shell is amorphous state, and its thickness is about 2nm.
7.4 material C dSe/ZnSSiO2The group of &PSA characterizes
Utilize Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer to CdSe/ZnSSiO2&PSA carries out infrared (FT-IR) and characterizes, and sees Fig. 4. It can be seen that CdSe/ZnSSiO2&PSA is at 3410cm-1Near occur in that symmetry and the asymmetrical stretching vibration peak of N-H, at 2945cm-1Near occur in that-CH2-asymmetrical stretching vibration peak, at 1640cm-1Near occur in that N-H in-plane bending vibration peak, it was demonstrated that PSA group has effectively been bonded in CdSe/ZnS surface.
7.5 material C dSe/ZnSSiO2The fluorescence property of &PSA characterizes
Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer is utilized to test CdSe/ZnSSiO2Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum of &PSA, result shows CdSe/ZnSSiO2The absworption peak position of &PSA is inconspicuous, but has a very wide ABSORPTION EDGE.
Spectrofluorophotometer is utilized to test CdSe/ZnSSiO2The fluorescence spectrum of &PSA. We adopt different excitation wavelengths to CdSe/ZnSSiO2&PSA carries out fluorescence spectrum sign, and it goes out peak position and does not all show in 634nm(figure), CdSe/ZnSSiO is described2The emission spectrum monochromaticity of &PSA is good. Fig. 5 A shows CdSe/ZnSSiO2The exciting light spectrum width of &PSA, continuous distribution within the scope of 250-602nm. Fig. 5 B shows that best emission peak positions is at 634nm, and it launches half-peak breadth is 43nm. With rhodamine 6G quantum yield in alcoholic solution for 0.95 for reference (reference material uses in 12h after preparation), record CdSe/ZnSSiO2The quantum yield 46.7% of &PSA.
Applicant states, the present invention illustrates the method detailed of the present invention by above-described embodiment, but the invention is not limited in above-mentioned method detailed, does not namely mean that the present invention has to rely on above-mentioned method detailed and could implement. The equivalence of each raw material of product of the present invention, it will be clearly understood that any improvement in the present invention, is replaced and the interpolation of auxiliary element, concrete way choice etc. by person of ordinary skill in the field, all falls within protection scope of the present invention and open scope.
Claims (9)
1. an amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, it is characterized in that: described fluorescence quantum includes oil-soluble quantum dot kernel, oil-soluble quantum dot kernel is modified with silica-based containing 3-aminopropyl or N-propyl group ethylenediamine base silicon substrate structure aminosilane groups.
2. amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described oil-soluble quantum dot kernel is the oil-soluble quantum dot with multiple structure, structure is X/R1/R2/ .../Rn, wherein X is quantum dot innermost layer, for binary or ternary quantum dots, R is layer structure, for the mixture of CdS and/or ZnS arbitrary proportion, n is quantum dot outer layer quantity, 1��n��12.
3. amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described binary or ternary quantum dots are specially CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnSe, ZnS, InAs or CuInS2��
4. the preparation method of an amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot, it is characterized in that described method comprises the steps: to mix oil-soluble quantum dot, tetraethyl orthosilicate and the silication alkane reagent containing amino, tetraethyl orthosilicate and the silylating reagent containing amino is made to be copolymerized at oil-soluble quantum dot surface, it is thus achieved that amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot.
5. the preparation method of amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the usage ratio of described oil-soluble quantum dot, tetraethyl orthosilicate and the silication alkane reagent containing amino is: 9 ~ 10nmol:0.1 ~ 0.3mL:0.1 ~ 0.2mL.
6. the preparation method of amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the described silylating reagent containing amino is: 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, N-propyl group ethylenediamine base trimethoxy silane, N-propyl group ethylenediamine ethyl triethoxy silicane alkane, therein one or more.
7. the preparation method of amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the reaction temperature of described copolyreaction is 10 ~ 90 DEG C.
8. the preparation method of amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the reaction temperature of described copolyreaction is preferably 60 ~ 70 DEG C.
9. the preparation method of amido modified water soluble fluorescence quantum dot according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the described copolyreaction time is 2 ~ 12 hours.
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