CN105609819A - Power supply system and voltage control method of fuel cell - Google Patents
Power supply system and voltage control method of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN105609819A CN105609819A CN201510771481.0A CN201510771481A CN105609819A CN 105609819 A CN105609819 A CN 105609819A CN 201510771481 A CN201510771481 A CN 201510771481A CN 105609819 A CN105609819 A CN 105609819A
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- fuel cell
- oxygen
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- power generation
- supply
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 221
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 221
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 219
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 147
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 320
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 63
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 63
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 43
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 33
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N systemin Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1N(C(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(C)C)CCC1 HOWHQWFXSLOJEF-MGZLOUMQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
An object is to maintain the voltage of a fuel cell at a desired voltage level and suppress a voltage variation, even in the case of a low load request. A power supply system (30) including a fuel cell (100) causes at least part of a required electric power to be supplied from the fuel cell in an ordinary load state. In a low load state, the power supply system supplies an amount of oxygen that is required to make the voltage of the fuel cell equal to a predetermined target voltage and that is less than an amount of oxygen supplied to the fuel cell in the ordinary load state, to the fuel cell. In a first low load state, the power supply system sets the target voltage to a first target voltage and supplies oxygen to the fuel cell. After a subsequent shift to a state that the required electric power becomes higher than a predetermined reference value to cause the fuel cell to generate electric power at an output voltage that is higher than the first target voltage, in a further shift to a second low load state, the power supply system sets the target voltage to a second target voltage that is higher than the first target voltage and supplies oxygen to the fuel cell.
Description
The application advocates the application number based on filing an application on November 15th, 2014The priority of the Japanese patent application of No. 2014-232251, and its disclosed full content is passed throughWith reference to and quote in the application.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the voltage control method of power-supply system and fuel cell.
Background technology
In the power-supply system that possesses fuel cell, according to from load require electric power (withUnder, also referred to as load request) and take out when electric power from power-supply system, even in power-supply systemIn service also sometimes load request temporarily become minimum. In the system that possesses fuel cell, logicalOften, in the case of the generation power of fuel cell is very little, what have an entire system can dose-effectRate such character that declines. Therefore, in the past, as minimum at the load request to power-supply systemThe one of the control of Shi Jinhang, the control that the generating of fuel cell is stopped. And, logicalCross the secondary cell that is equipped on power-supply system together with fuel cell and export desired electricity to loadPower.
If in the anode-side stream of fuel cell remaining hydrogen and in cathode side stream residual oxygenUnder state, make the generating of fuel cell stop, fuel cell can show high open-circuit voltage(Opencircuitvoltage:OCV). In the time that the open-circuit voltage of fuel cell excessively raises,The electrode potential of the electrode (negative electrode) that fuel cell possesses excessively raises, in cathode electrode,The stripping (deteriorated) of catalyst is carried out, and the power generation performance of fuel cell and durability decline thus.
And, after the generating of fuel cell stops, remaining in hydrogen in anode-side stream viaThe dielectric film of fuel cell sees through to cathode side stream, carries out reaction oxidized on negative electrode.Consequently, a period of time after the generating of fuel cell stops, residuing in cathode side streamOxygen be consumed, thus open-circuit voltage decline (cathode potential decline). Under these circumstances,After this, when cathode potential rises again being reduced by cathod catalyst, more easily cause negative electrodeThe stripping of catalyst. Therefore, in the time that load request is minimum, in order to suppress above-mentioned catalystDeteriorated, wish the voltage of fuel cell (electrode potential) to remain in suitable scope.
As in the time that load request is minimum, the voltage of fuel cell being remained in suitable scopeMethod, also proceeds small even if proposed to become minimum fuel cell afterwards at load requestThe method (JP2013-161571A) of generating. As the method for proceeding small generating,For example, following method has been proposed: stop supply to the oxygen of fuel cell until fuel cellOutput voltage decline and till reaching the lower limit of scope of regulation, drop at output voltageAfter above-mentioned lower limit, carry out to the supply of the oxygen of fuel cell until output voltage rises and reachesTill the higher limit of the scope of afore mentioned rules.
Summary of the invention
[problem that invention will solve]
But, if repeatedly carry out as described above to the supply of the oxygen of fuel cell and stopControl only, the output voltage of fuel cell can the lower limit of the scope of afore mentioned rules with onVariation repeatedly between limit value. In fuel cell, can think the higher electrode catalyst of electrode potentialThe easier stripping of agent. And, while rising again, can think electrode after electrode potential first declinesThe degree that current potential declines and the more easier stripping of electrode catalyst of degree of rising again afterwards.Therefore,, in order to suppress the deteriorated of electrode catalyst and to improve the durability of fuel cell, wish notOnly avoid electrode exceedingly to become the situation of high potential and exceedingly become the situation of electronegative potential, alsoSuppress the variation of the voltage (electrode potential) of fuel cell. And, also consider in as above instituteState the minimum state continuance of load request midway, the situation of the temporary transient variation of load request. AlthoughEven if wish also to suppress under these circumstances variation in voltage, but for comprising temporary loadThe control of the variation requiring was not studied in the past fully.
[for the means of dealing with problems]
The present invention makes in order to solve the above problems, and can be used as following mode and realizes.
(1) according to a mode of the present invention, a kind of voltage control method of fuel cell is provided,To possess electricity from the described fuel cell in the power-supply system of fuel cell of electric power to load that supply withPressure-controlled method. In the voltage control method of this fuel cell, in the requirement from described loadWhen electric power exceedes the common load condition of predetermined a reference value, supply with from described fuel cellDescribed at least a portion that requires electric power; Be low below described a reference value at the described electric power that requiresWhen load condition, to described fuel cell supply with than when the described common load condition to described combustionThe oxygen amount that material battery is supplied with is few and in order to make the voltage of described fuel cell become predefined orderThe oxygen amount of marking voltage and need. And, be below described a reference value at the described electric power that requiresUnder one low load condition, first object voltage is set as described target voltage and to described combustionMaterial battery is for oxygen supply, then, becomes and describedly requires electric power to exceed the state of described a reference value and makeDescribed fuel cell, to exceed the output voltage generating of described first object voltage, afterwards, is becomingBecome described while requiring electric power to be the second low load condition below described a reference value, will be than describedThe second target voltage that one target voltage is high is set as described target voltage and to described fuel electricityPond is for oxygen supply.
According to the voltage control method of the fuel cell of which, in the time of the first low load condition,First object voltage is set as to target voltage and supplies oxygen supply to fuel cell, then, make combustionMaterial battery, with after exceeding the output voltage generating of first object voltage, is becoming the second low loadWhen state, set than high the second target voltage of first object voltage as target voltage. Therefore,Can suppress the variation of the electrode potential of fuel cell, suppress the stripping of electrode catalyst, improveThe durability of fuel cell.
(2) in the voltage control method of the fuel cell of aforesaid way, Ke Yishi, describedUnder the first low load condition and described the second low load condition, from multiple operation modes, select oneIndividual operation mode, described multiple operation modes comprise non-power generation mode and small power generation mode, instituteStating non-power generation mode is to cut off being electrically connected between described fuel cell and described load, and to instituteStating fuel cell supplies with in order to make the open-circuit voltage of described fuel cell become described target voltageThe pattern of the oxygen amount needing, described small power generation mode is that described fuel cell enters described loadThe operation mode that row electric power is supplied with is so that the output voltage of described fuel cell becomes described orderThe pattern of necessary oxygen amount is controlled and supplied with to described fuel cell to the mode of mark voltage, described inNecessary oxygen amount is according to the target generated energy as described fuel cell and predetermined target is sent outThe oxygen amount that derive on electric weight theoretical property ground.
According to the voltage control method of the fuel cell of which, at the electric power that requires from loadWhile becoming the low load condition below predetermined a reference value, can be by the output of fuel cellVoltage remains preferred scope and suppresses the excessive generating under low load condition.
(3) in the voltage control method of the fuel cell of aforesaid way, Ke Yishi, describedUnder the first low load condition, select described non-power generation mode to carry out the oxygen to described fuel cellSupply with, under described the second low load condition, select described small power generation mode to carry out instituteState the oxygen supply of fuel cell.
According to the voltage control method of the fuel cell of which, in the time becoming low load condition,Select non-power generation mode prior to small power generation mode, in the time becoming low load condition, can press down thusSystem, from the excessive generating of fuel cell, can improve the energy efficiency of power-supply system, and,In the voltage control method of the fuel cell of aforesaid way, after having selected non-power generation mode,Become requirement electric power and exceed the state of a reference value and carry out the generating of fuel cell, afterwards, againWhile becoming low load condition, select small power generation mode. Therefore, even continue at low load conditionIn continuous situation, also can provide in the device that possesses power-supply system and want by fuel cellAt least a portion of the load request of asking. And, for example also possess Reserve Power Division (energy in power-supply systemEnough accumulate at least a portion of the electric power that fuel cell sends and can carry out electric power supply to loadReserve Power Division) situation under, can be suppressed at and again become Reserve Power Division after low load conditionThe situation that remaining capacity declines. Its result, can suppress again to become after low load conditionThe charging frequency of Reserve Power Division.
(4) in the voltage control method of the fuel cell of aforesaid way, Ke Yishi, described negativeCarry and comprise main load and require the secondary load that electric power is fewer than described main load, described common load shapeState is the state of at least described main load request electric power, comprises described the first low load condition and instituteThe described low load condition of stating the second low load condition be described main load failed call electric power and described inThe state of secondary load request electric power.
According to the voltage control method of the fuel cell of which, from main load request electric powerWhen state becomes low load condition, can select non-power generation mode prior to small power generation mode,Therefore can improve the energy efficiency of entire system.
(5), in the voltage control method of the fuel cell of aforesaid way, Ke Yishi, is selectingThe state of described small power generation mode meets while continuation due to described under described small power generation modeDescribed in the generating of fuel cell and the aqueous water that produces in described fuel cell are stranded in superfluouslyAqueous water in fuel cell is detained in the situation of condition, temporarily interrupts as described small generatingThe control of pattern, to the oxygen of described fuel cell excess supply amount, described excess quantity exceedes in instituteState the oxygen amount of supplying with to described fuel cell under small power generation mode.
According to the voltage control method of the fuel cell of which, even if selecting small generating mouldIn the situation that the state of formula continues, also can in fuel cell, remove aqueous water, can suppressThe aqueous water quantitative change being trapped in fuel cell obtains superfluous situation.
(6) in the voltage control method of the fuel cell of aforesaid way, Ke Yishi, described electricityOrigin system possesses the part of Reserve Power Division as described load, and described Reserve Power Division is described in having selectedWhen small power generation mode, can accumulate at least a portion of the electric power of described fuel cell power generation, instituteState voltage control method and in the time that the state of selecting described small power generation mode continues, meet described liquid stateIn the situation of hydropexis condition, before temporarily interrupting the control as described small power generation mode,The described target generated energy of described fuel cell is become compared with little and make described fuel cell power generation.
According to the voltage control method of the fuel cell of which, can be by temporarily reducingThe target generated energy of fuel cell declines the remaining capacity of electric storage means. Therefore, afterwards,Make in small power generation mode owing to exceeding the oxygen of excess quantity of the oxygen amount of supplying with to fuel cellTo fuel cell supply with and the generated energy of fuel cell temporarily increases, also can by increaseGenerated energy milli is charged to Reserve Power Division without barrier.
(7) according to another way of the present invention, a kind of power-supply system is provided, be to possess to loadSupply with the power-supply system of the fuel cell of electric power. Power-supply system possesses: oxygen supply portion, and to describedThe negative electrode of fuel cell is for oxygen supply; And oxygen flow regulation portion, drive described oxygen supply portion and regulate instituteState the oxygen amount that oxygen supply portion supplies with to described negative electrode. Exceed at the electric power that requires from described loadWhen the common load condition of predetermined a reference value, described oxygen flow regulation portion is with to described negative electrodeThe mode of supplying with following oxygen amount drives described oxygen supply portion: this oxygen amount makes from described fuel electricityDescribed at least a portion that requires electric power can be supplied with in pond, is described benchmark at the described electric power that requiresWhen the following low load condition of value, described oxygen flow regulation portion is to supply with to described negative electrode than describedConventionally the oxygen amount supplied with to described fuel cell when load condition is few and in order to make described fuel cellVoltage become predefined target voltage and the mode of oxygen amount that needs drives described oxygen supplyPortion, is under the first low load condition below described a reference value at the described electric power that requires, described oxygenAmount adjusting portion is set first object voltage to drive described oxygen supply as described target voltagePortion, then, becomes and describedly requires electric power to exceed the state of described a reference value and make described fuel electricityPond, to exceed the output voltage generating of described first object voltage, afterwards, is becoming described requirementWhen electric power is the second low load condition below described a reference value, described oxygen flow regulation portion will be than instituteState first object voltage high second target voltage set drive as described target voltage described inOxygen supply portion.
According to the power-supply system of which, in the time of the first low load condition, first object voltage is establishedBe decided to be target voltage and drive oxygen supply portion, afterwards, make fuel cell to exceed first objectAfter the output voltage generating of voltage, while becoming the second low load condition, will be than first object electricityPress the second high target voltage to drive oxygen supply portion as target voltage, therefore can suppress fuelThe variation of the electrode potential of battery, can suppress the stripping of electrode catalyst, can improve fuel electricityThe durability in pond.
The present invention can realize with the variety of way beyond above-mentioned, for example, and can be to carry power supplySystem is as driving with the moving body of power supply, possessing the fuel cell of the power-supply system of fuel cellHigh potential avoidance control method, realize already described voltage control method or high potential avoidance controlThe computer program of method, record the side such as recording medium of the nonvolatile of this computer programFormula realizes.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that represents the schematic configuration of fuel-cell vehicle.
Fig. 2 is output current and output voltage or the output power that schematically shows fuel cellThe key diagram of relation.
Fig. 3 schematically shows saying for the relation of the open-circuit voltage of oxygen supply amount and fuel cellBright figure.
Fig. 4 is the fuel cell while representing that on one side the hydrogen of excess supply amount changes oxygen supply amount on one sideThe key diagram of IV characteristic.
Fig. 5 is by obtainable operating point in the time that small power generation mode is selected and common operation modeThe key diagram of the overlapping expression of IV characteristic.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that represents non-generating intermittent running control processing routine.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart that represents small generating intermittent running control processing routine.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart that represents intermittent running pattern setting processing routine.
Fig. 9 is the key diagram that represents the amount of moisture that can allow for fear of producing each problem.
Figure 10 is the flow chart that represents negative electrode scavenging control processing routine.
[symbol description]
20 ... fuel-cell vehicle
22 ... vehicle body
30 ... power-supply system
100 ... fuel cell
102 ... voltage sensor
103 ... current sensor
104 ... switch
110 ... hydrogen tank
115 ... anode-side stream
120 ... hydrogen supply unit
121 ... hydrogen is supplied with stream
122 ... circulation stream
123 ... hydrogen is emitted stream
124 ... open and close valve
125 ... pressure-reducing valve
126 ... hydrogen supply equipment
127 ... circulating pump
128 ... pressure sensor
129 ... open and close valve
130 ... compressor reducer
140 ... air supply portion
141 ... the first air flow circuit
142 ... air is emitted stream
143 ... counterbalance valve
144 ... flow divider
145 ... the second air flow circuit
146 ... the 3rd air flow circuit
147 ... flow sensor
148 ... cathode side stream
170 ... motor
174 ... DC/DC converter
178 ... distribution
180 ... accel sensor
200 ... control part
Detailed description of the invention
A. the overall structure of power-supply system:
Fig. 1 is the summary representing as the fuel-cell vehicle 20 of the first embodiment of the present inventionThe block diagram of structure. Fuel-cell vehicle 20 is equipped with power-supply system 30 on vehicle body 22. Power supplyBetween the motor 170 of the driving use of system 30 and fuel-cell vehicle 20, connected by distribution 178Connect, via distribution 178, between power-supply system 30 and motor 170, join electric power.
Hydrogen supply unit 120 that power-supply system 30 possesses fuel cell 100, comprise hydrogen tank 110,The air supply portion 140 that comprises compressor reducer 130, secondary cell 172, DC/DC converter 104,DC/DC converter 174, control part 200. It should be noted that, power-supply system 30 is in order to incite somebody to actionThe temperature of fuel cell 100 remains prescribed limit, also possesses and makes fuel cell carry out coolingCold-producing medium to the not shown refrigerant circulation portion of circulating in fuel cell. In power-supply system 30In, can be independent respectively from fuel cell 100 and secondary cell 172, or from fuel cell100 and these both sides of secondary cell 172 supply with electric power to the load that comprises motor 170 simultaneously.
Fuel cell 100 has the stacked structure that stacked multiple monocell forms. Present embodimentFuel cell 100 are polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Forming the each of fuel cell 100In monocell, across dielectric film, and be formed with the mobile stream of hydrogen supply in anode-side in centre(after, also referred to as anode-side stream 115), cathode side be formed with stream for oxygen flow (withAfter, also referred to as cathode side stream 148). It should be noted that, in Fig. 1, schematically showGo out to be formed with in the inside of fuel cell 100 anode-side stream 115 and cathode side stream 148Situation. Fuel cell 100 via DC/DC converter 104 and distribution 178 and with comprise electronicThe load of machine 170 connects. The voltage of fuel cell 100 is detected by voltage sensor 102. SeparatelyOutward, the output current of fuel cell 100 is detected by the current sensor 103 of being located at distribution 178.The detection signal of voltage sensor 102 and current sensor 103 is exported to control part 200.
DC/DC converter 104 has to be accepted the control signal of control part 200 and changes fuel electricityThe function of the output state in pond 100. Particularly, DC/DC converter 104 has the combustion of settingThe function of output voltage when material battery 100 generates electricity. And DC/DC converter 104 hasIn the time that the electric power that fuel cell 100 is sent is supplied with to load, by output voltage boost into wishThe function of the voltage of hoping. And DC/DC converter 104 possesses diode. By at DC/DCConverter 104 arranges diode, is becoming setting from the output current of fuel cell 100When following, by the cut-out that is electrically connected between fuel cell 100 and load. In the present embodiment,It is " negative that the diode that DC/DC converter 104 possesses is equivalent to means for dealing with problemsCarry cutting portion ".
The hydrogen tank 110 that hydrogen supply unit 120 possesses for example can be made as the hydrogen of storage high pressureHydrogen bottle or possess hydrogen bearing alloy in inside, by making hydrogen occlusion store hydrogen in hydrogen bearing alloyTank. Hydrogen supply unit 120 possesses the hydrogen supply stream that arrives fuel cell 100 from hydrogen tank 110121, the circulation stream that the hydrogen (anode waste gas) not consuming is circulated to hydrogen supply stream 121122 and carry out for antianode waste gas the hydrogen that atmosphere emits and emit stream 123. Supply at hydrogenGive in portion 120, the hydrogen that is stored in hydrogen tank 110 is supplied with the open and close valve 124 of stream 121 via hydrogenPassage opening/closing, the decompression at pressure-reducing valve 125 places, supply with and establish from the hydrogen in the downstream of pressure-reducing valve 125Standby 126 (for example, injectors) are supplied with to the anode-side stream 115 of fuel cell 100. FollowingIn circulation road 122, the flow velocity of the hydrogen of circulation is regulated by circulating pump 127. Hydrogen supply equipment 126 andDrive volume one side of circulating pump 127 is with reference to the pressure of pressure sensor 128 detected recycle hydrogensPower is regulated by control part 200 according to load request on one side.
It should be noted that, in circulation stream 122, a part for mobile hydrogen is via from followingThe hydrogen of circulation road 122 branches is emitted the switching adjustment of the open and close valve 129 of stream 123, to specifyOpportunity emitted by atmosphere. Thus, can be by the hydrogen of circulation stream 122 interior circulationsImpurity (steam or nitrogen etc.) beyond hydrogen is discharged outside stream, can suppress to fuel cellThe rising of the impurity concentration in 100 hydrogen of supplying with. The opportunity of the switching of above-mentioned open and close valve 129Regulated by control part 200.
Air supply portion 140, except possessing compressor reducer 130, also possesses the first air flow circuit141, the second air flow circuit 145, the 3rd air flow circuit 146, flow divider 144, air are emitted streamRoad 142, counterbalance valve 143 and flow sensor 147. The first air flow circuit 141 is for compressor reducerThe stream of the 130 whole Air Flows that are taken into. The second air flow circuit 145 and the 3rd air flow circuit146 are arranged to from the first air flow circuit 141 branches. Flow divider 144 is arranged on the first air flow circuit141 are branched off into the position of the second air flow circuit 145 and the 3rd air flow circuit 146. Be somebody's turn to do by changeThe valve state of opening of flow divider 144, can change from the first air flow circuit 141 to the second air streamThe allocation proportion of the mobile air of road 145 or the 3rd air flow circuit 146. The second air flow circuit 145A part at the interior formation cathode side of fuel cell 100 stream 148. The 3rd air flow circuit 146 isThe not bypass flow path of guiding air via fuel cell 100. The second air flow circuit 145 andThree air flow circuit 146 interflow become air and emit stream 142. Counterbalance valve 143 is at the second airIn stream 145, than cathode side stream 148 downstreams and than the second air flow circuit 145 withThe choke valve that the position, interflow of the 3rd air flow circuit 146 arranges by upstream side place. Carry on the back by adjustingThe aperture of pressure valve 143, can change the back pressure of the cathode side stream 148 in fuel cell 100.It is for by the air that has passed through the second air flow circuit 145, (negative electrode is useless that air is emitted stream 142Gas) carry out the stream that atmosphere is emitted together with having passed through the air of the 3rd air flow circuit 146. ?Air is emitted and on stream 142, is connected with already described hydrogen and emits stream 123, emits stream via hydrogen123 hydrogen of emitting are before atmosphere is emitted, rare by emit air mobile in stream 142 at airRelease. Flow sensor 147 is located at the first air flow circuit 141, detects via the first air flow circuitThe total flow of 141 air that are taken into.
In air supply portion 140, by changing drive volume, the flow divider 144 from compressor reducer 130The valve state of opening and the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 at least 1 condition selecting, can regulateThe flow (oxygen flow) of the air of supplying with to the cathode side stream 148 of fuel cell 100. ?In present embodiment, counterbalance valve 143 possesses not shown stepping motor, passes through control stepThe step number of motor, can be adjusted to the valve opening of counterbalance valve 143 arbitrarily and open accuratelyDegree. The drive volume of compressor reducer 130, the valve state of opening of flow divider 144 and counterbalance valve 143Aperture is regulated by control part 200. It should be noted that, air supply portion 140 is for example firstIn air flow circuit 141, can possess adding for the air of supplying with to fuel cell 100Wet damping device.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, air supply portion 140 is equivalent to for separatingCertainly " the oxygen supply portion " in the means of problem. And, in the present embodiment, the first air flow circuit141 and second air flow circuit 145 be equivalent to " the oxygen supply road " of the means for dealing with problems.And compressor reducer 130 is equivalent to " the oxygen introduction part " of the means for dealing with problems, the 3rd skyAir-flow road 146 is equivalent to " bypass flow path " of the means for dealing with problems. And, counterbalance valve143 are equivalent to " flow rate regulating valve " of the means for dealing with problems.
Secondary cell 172 is connected with above-mentioned distribution 178 via DC/DC converter 174,DC/DC converter 174 and DC/DC converter 104 are connected in parallel with respect to above-mentioned distribution 178.As secondary cell 172, can adopt such as lead accumulator, Ni-MH battery, lithium ion battery etc.On secondary cell 172 and be provided with for detection of the remaining capacity (SOC) of secondary cell 172Not shown remaining capacity monitor, detected remaining capacity is exported to control part 200.Remaining capacity monitor can form as the current value of the charge/discharge to secondary cell 172 withTime is carried out the SOC meter of accumulative total. Or, also can replace SOC meter, and by detecting secondary electricityThe voltage sensor of the voltage in pond 172 forms remaining capacity monitor. In the present embodiment,Secondary cell 172 is equivalent to " Reserve Power Division " of the means for dealing with problems.
DC/DC converter 174 have control secondary cell 172 charge/discharge discharge and recharge controlFunction, accepts the control signal of control part 200 and controls the charge/discharge of secondary cell 172. ThisOutward, DC/DC converter 174 is by setting the target of outlet side under the control at control part 200Voltage, carry out thus secondary cell 172 electric power storage electric power draw and to the electricity of motor 170Pressure applies, and adjusts changeably the electric pressure that electric power is drawn state and applied to motor 170.It should be noted that, while not needing to discharge and recharge in secondary cell 172, DC/DC conversionDevice 174 cuts off being connected of secondary cell 172 and distribution 178.
Control part 200 is by the what is called of CPU, ROM, RAM etc. that possesses actuating logic computingMicrocomputer forms. Except possessing from hydrogen supply unit 120 or air supply portion 140Outside the sensor of stating, control part 200 also from accel sensor 180, gear position sensor,The various sensors such as vehicle speed sensor and external temperature sensor are obtained detection signal, carry out fuelThe various controls of fuel cell vehicle 20. For example, control part 200 is based on accel sensor 180Detection signal etc. obtain the size of load request, with from fuel cell 100 and secondary cellThe mode that at least one party in 172 obtains the electric power corresponding with load request is to power-supply system 30Each portion output drive signal. Particularly, in the situation that obtaining electric power from fuel cell 100,With the mode control that obtains desirable electric power from fuel cell 100 from hydrogen supply unit 120, skyThe gas delivery volume of gas supply unit 140. And control part 200 is so that the output of fuel cellThe mode that voltage becomes target voltage or desirable electric power is supplied with to motor 170, controlDC/DC converter 104,174 processed. In the present embodiment, control part 200 is separated as being used forCertainly " oxygen flow regulation portion ", " operation mode selection portion " and " the output voltage control in the means of problemPortion processed " performance function. It should be noted that, control part 200 also possesses timer, can instrumentationFrom inputting various signals or carrying out the elapsed time various processing.
B. the operation mode of power-supply system:
In the fuel-cell vehicle 20 of present embodiment, in service in power-supply system 30,Changeable common operation mode and the intermittent running pattern of comprising is at interior multiple operation modes. ConventionallyOperation mode is in the situation that the load request of power-supply system 30 is exceeded to predefined a reference valueThe operation mode of lower selection, be the electric power that sends by fuel cell 100 provide comprise electronicMachine 170 require the operation mode of electric power at least a portion of interior load request. Intermittently fortuneRotary-die type is to be that predefined a reference value is selected when following to the load request of power-supply system 30Operation mode. In the present embodiment, intermittent running pattern comprise make fuel cell 100 send outThe small power generation mode that the non-power generation mode that electricity stops and fuel cell 100 carry out small generating.
At this, as the load of accepting electric power from power-supply system 30 and supplying with, except to fuel cellOutside the motor 170 that vehicle 20 drives, also comprise vehicle subsidiary engine and fuel cell subsidiary engine.Therefore,, in the power-supply system 30 of present embodiment, so-called load request, comprises motor 170The electric power that requires that requires electric power and fuel cell subsidiary engine that requires electric power, vehicle subsidiary engine. CarSubsidiary engine comprises that for example air-conditioning equipment (aircondition), lighting device, warning lamp and direction refer toShow device etc. Fuel cell subsidiary engine for example comprise compressor reducer 130, circulating pump 127, flow divider 144,The various valves such as counterbalance valve 143, already described for make the refrigerated medium pump of refrigerant circulation and forCold-producing medium is carried out to cooling radiator fan. And, at the remaining capacity of secondary cell 172(SOC), while decline, secondary cell 172 also becomes a part for load. In the present embodiment,Obtain load request as the total amount that requires electric power of above-mentioned each load, want based on this loadSeeking Truth is no is below a reference value, carries out the switching between common operation mode and intermittent running pattern.
(B-1) common operation mode:
Fig. 2 is output current and output voltage or the output that schematically shows fuel cell 100The key diagram of the relation of electric power. Below, the control when selecting common operation mode describes.
In the present embodiment, the generated energy of the fuel cell 100 under common operation mode passes throughDetermine the output voltage of fuel cell 100 and controlled. Output current as shown in Figure 2 and defeatedThe relation that goes out electric power is known, in fuel cell 100, if the electric power P that should exportFCDetermine,The big or small I of the output current of fuel cell 100 nowFCDetermine. And, from shown in Fig. 2I-E characteristic (IV characteristic) is known, if the output current I of fuel cell 100FCDetermine,The output voltage V of fuel cell 100 nowFCDetermine. In the time selecting common operation mode,Control part 200 is by the output voltage V of obtaining like thisFCAs target voltage to DC/DC converter174 send instruction, thus so that the generated energy of fuel cell 100 becomes the mode of desired amount entersRow is controlled. It should be noted that, in the time selecting common operation mode, supply to fuel cell 100The oxygen amount of giving and hydrogen amount are all to exceed in order to obtain desirable electric power from fuel cell 100 and to manageIn opinion, the mode of the amount of required amount (excess quantity) is controlled.
(B-2) non-power generation mode:
Below, the non-power generation mode in intermittent running pattern is described. Selecting non-generatingPattern the and when generating of fuel cell 100 is stopped, the output current of fuel cell 100 becomes 0.In the time that fuel cell 100 becomes halted state from generating state, that is, will fill in order to generate electricityPoint hydrogen and the state supplied with to fuel cell 100 of oxygen under, by fuel cell 100 and loadConnecting cut-out and making output current is 0 o'clock, and fuel cell 100 shows high as shown in Figure 2Open-circuit voltage (OCV). This situation represents the electrode potential of the negative electrode of fuel cell 100Very high. When the known electrode potential when fuel cell 100 raises, the platinum that electrode possesses etc.Catalyst metals stripping and the hydraulic performance decline of fuel cell 100. Therefore, in order to suppress fuel electricityThe hydraulic performance decline in pond 100 preferably suppresses the excessive rising of electrode potential in fuel cell 100.In the present embodiment, in the time that non-power generation mode is selected, be controlled at the generating of fuel cell 100The oxygen amount that stopping period is supplied with to cathode side stream 148, suppresses the electrode potential of negative electrode thusBecome desirable scope.
Fig. 3 be schematically show fuel cell 100 generating stopping period confession oxygen supply amount withThe key diagram of the relation of the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of fuel cell 100. This Fig. 3 represent forCarry out the generating of common operation mode and anode side stream 115 is supplied with the fully state of the hydrogen of amountUnder, the above-mentioned relation while having changed the oxygen amount of supplying with to cathode side stream 148. To cathode sideWhen oxygen amount that stream 148 is supplied with is few, even if become for oxygen supply quantitative change OCV also for extremely lowThe state that grade less changes. The scope of confession oxygen supply amount like this in Fig. 3 as oxygen lackTerritory A, represents with the arrow with A. In the time making further to increase for oxygen supply amount, be accompanied by confessionThe increase of oxygen supply amount and OCV can sharply rise. The scope of confession oxygen supply amount is like this done in Fig. 3For the suitable territory B of equivalent proportion 1, represented by the arrow with B. When further increasing for oxygen supply amountTime, even if become the state also less changing for high grade for oxygen supply quantitative change OCV.The scope of confession oxygen supply amount is like this in Fig. 3, as oxygen excess territory C, by the arrow with CRepresent. In the present embodiment, in the time that non-power generation mode is selected, so that OCV represents equivalent proportionThe mode control of the voltage of the regulation in 1 suitable territory B is for oxygen supply amount. That is, in the present embodiment,In the time that non-power generation mode is selected, as the target voltage of OCV, preset equivalent proportion 1 suitableSpecific voltage in the B of territory, so that the open-circuit voltage of fuel cell 100 becomes above-mentioned target electricityThe mode of pressing regulates the oxygen amount of supplying with to fuel cell 100.
As already described, in the air supply portion 140 of present embodiment, to fuel cell 100The air capacity (oxygen amount) supplied with of cathode side stream 148 by the drive volume of compressor reducer 130, pointThe valve state of opening of stream valve 144 and the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 are determined. In present embodimentIn, in the time that non-power generation mode is selected, in these parameters, by the drive volume of compressor reducer 130 andThe valve state of opening of flow divider 144 is fixed, and the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 is changed, and thus willThe OCV of fuel cell 100 is controlled to target voltage. Therefore, in the present embodiment, forWhen non-power generation mode is selected, by already described target voltage and for supplying with and obtain this to fuel cellThe initial value of the aperture of the counterbalance valve 143 of the oxygen of target voltage be (drive volume of counterbalance valve 143Initial value) be pre-stored within together the memory in control part 200. For realize target voltageCounterbalance valve 143 aperture for example in advance experimentally obtain.
It should be noted that, after the generating that makes fuel cell 100 stops, at each monocellIn, hydrogen can see through to cathode side stream 148 via dielectric film from anode-side stream 115, thoroughlyThe oxidation reaction of the hydrogen of crossing is carried out at negative electrode place. Consequently, owing to having seen through dielectric filmThe oxidation reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in cathode side stream 148 are consumed. Therefore, in generating stopsFuel cell 100 in, in order to obtain belonging to the desirable open circuit electricity in equivalent proportion 1 suitable territoryPress, supply with except needs the oxygen amount of being obtained by Fig. 3 according to desirable open-circuit voltage and (produce electricityThe oxygen amount that kinetic potential is required) outside, also need supply to be disappeared due to the oxidation reaction of the hydrogen seeing throughThe oxygen amount (by the oxygen amount that sees through hydrogen consumption) of consumption. In the time that non-power generation mode is selected, be, terribleOxygen amount (the single battery voltage dimension that should supply with to fuel cell 100 to desirable open-circuit voltageHold oxygen amount) represented by following (1) formula.
Single battery voltage maintain the required oxygen amount of oxygen amount=generation electromotive force+by see through hydrogen consume oxygenAmount ... (1)
The regulation of counterbalance valve 143 is become to be stored in the memory in control part 200When aperture, if the oxygen amount of supplying with to fuel cell 100 just in time meets (1) formula, fuel cell100 open-circuit voltage becomes target voltage. But, see through the hydrogen amount of dielectric film according to anode-sideThe inside of the hydrogen pressure of stream 115, the internal temperature of fuel cell 100 and fuel cell 100Humidity and changing. Therefore, for example, in the situation that wanting due to these thereby supplying with oxygen quantity not sufficient,The open-circuit voltage of fuel cell 100 is lower than target voltage, is obtaining superfluous situation for oxygen supply quantitative changeUnder, the open-circuit voltage of fuel cell 100 is higher than target voltage. In the present embodiment, carry outBased on the result that the detected value of the open-circuit voltage of fuel cell 100 and target voltage are compared,Make the confession oxygen supply amount increase and decrease to fuel cell 100, so that the open-circuit voltage of fuel cell 100 connectsThe control of close-target voltage. The content of detailed control is described below.
Under non-power generation mode, set as mentioned above specific target voltage, but continuing choosingSelect non-power generation mode midway, also can change target voltage. For example, also can be from loadPromptly show in the situation that the possibility of load request is high, and promptly show from loadThe low situation of possibility of load request is compared, and the value of target voltage is set to get Geng Gao. Like this, in the case of promptly show from load the possibility of load request high, set moreHigh target voltage, can guarantee many oxygen amounts cathode side stream 148 is interior thus, canGuarantee response when next load request increases. And, promptly showing negative from loadCarry in the low situation of possibility requiring, sets lower target voltage, thus, even formationThe deviation of the voltage of each monocell of fuel cell 100 expands, and also can suppress voltage and rise toThe generation of the monocell of unallowed degree. Consequently, can improve fuel cell 100 wholeThe durability of body.
As " promptly showing the high situation of possibility of load request from load ", Ke YilieFor example if gear is the situation of D shelves. And, as " promptly showing load request from loadThe low situation of possibility ", can enumerate for example gear is the situation of P shelves. Or, can be alsoMaking gear is D shelves, but from " the state of gear in D shelves and corresponding with intermittent running patternLow load request " such condition elapsed time of becoming to erect has been while having exceeded predefined benchmarkBetween time, be judged as become " the low situation of possibility that promptly shows load request from load ".
It should be noted that, even at intermittent running pattern (non-power generation mode and described later smallPower generation mode) select time, in the anode-side stream 115 in fuel cell 100, also maintainCan directly send the electric power that exceedes the load request that becomes the benchmark of selecting intermittent running patternThe state that the hydrogen of amount exists. That is, even in the time of intermittent running model selection, circulating pump 127Drive also and continue, and in order to make up the mistake seeing through to cathode side stream 148 via dielectric filmThe hydrogen going, and carry out supplying with from the hydrogen of hydrogen supply equipment 126.
At this, the viewpoint of deteriorated (stripping) of the electrode catalyst being caused by high potential from inhibitionSet out, the target voltage of the OCV of the fuel cell 100 of setting when non-power generation mode is selected is (flatAll single battery voltages) be preferably made as below 0.9V, be more preferably made as below 0.85V, furtherPreferably be made as below 0.8V.
With respect to this, can think that the single battery voltage of negative electrode is lower, that is, and cathode side stream 148Partial pressure of oxygen lower, the electrode catalyst of negative electrode is more easily reduced (the oxygen of catalyst surfaceChanging overlay film disappears). If the electrode catalyst of negative electrode is reduced, in next time to cathode side streamWhen the 148 interior current potentials for oxygen supply and negative electrode rise, the stripping that can produce the electrode catalyst of negative electrode is heldEasily carry out such unfavorable condition. Therefore,, in the time that non-power generation mode is selected, preferably form fuelEach single battery voltage of battery 100 does not drop to 0V. Therefore, from suppressing by single battery voltageThe viewpoint of the above-mentioned unfavorable condition that causes of decline set out, in the time that non-power generation mode is selected, setThe target voltage (average single battery voltage) of OCV be preferably made as 0.1V more than, more preferablyMore than being made as 0.2V.
And, non-power generation mode is lasting in the situation that, there is the open-circuit voltage of each monocellThe uneven possibility increasing, even if preferably under these circumstances, the voltage of whole monocellsAlso for can fully suppressing the voltage of the stripping of electrode catalyst. Therefore, even from long-term choosingHaving selected the viewpoint that also suppresses the excessive rising of the OCV of each monocell in the situation of non-power generation mode goes outSend out, for example, " promptly show the low situation of possibility of load request from load in already describedUnder ", target voltage (the average monocell electricity of the OCV setting in the time that non-power generation mode is selectedPress) be also preferably made as below 0.4V, be more preferably made as below 0.3V.
And, in the time that non-power generation mode is selected, although load request become below a reference value,Because power-supply system 30 (is not transfused to the finger that user's system stops in serviceShow), the possibility that therefore exists load request again to increase in the short time. Therefore, from bearingCarry and require the viewpoint that promptly obtains desirable electric power while again increase to set out, wish not make the moonOxygen amount in utmost point effluent road 148 too reduces. The response while, increase from next load requestProperty viewpoint set out, the target voltage of the OCV setting in the time that non-power generation mode is selected is (averageSingle battery voltage) be preferably height. Therefore, for example " promptly show negative from load in already describedCarry in the high situation of possibility requiring ", in order to ensure the response to load request, target electricityPress and be preferably made as for example more than 0.6V, more than being more preferably made as 0.7V.
As intermittent running model selection non-power generation mode as described above in the situation that, negativeCarry while requiring to become the low load condition below predefined a reference value, do not make fuel cell 100Generate electricity, just can avoid the high potential state of fuel cell 100. Therefore, without only in order to keep awayExempt from high potential state and carry out the superfluous generating of failed call. And, can suppress because of by surplusThe electric power sending is temporarily accumulated in situation of secondary cell etc. and under the energy efficiency of power-supply system 30The situation of falling.
(B-3) small power generation mode:
Below, the small power generation mode in intermittent running pattern is described. Small generating mouldFormula is the operation mode that is similarly accompanied by the generating of fuel cell 100 with common operation mode.But, small power generation mode and common operational mode to the oxygen of fuel cell 100 excess supply amountsFormula difference is by the target generated energy of fuel cell 100 and the necessary oxygen of deriving in theoryThe operation mode that amount is supplied with to fuel cell 100.
Fig. 4 schematically shows the hydrogen to fuel cell 100 excess supply amounts on one side to become on one sideMore supply with to fuel cell 100 oxygen amount time the key diagram of IV characteristic of fuel cell 100.In Fig. 4, as the coordinate diagram of IV characteristic that represents fuel cell 100, A is shown1～A4This4 coordinate diagram, and according to A1、A2、A3、A4Order, reduce for oxygen supply amount. At this,Coordinate diagram A1IV characteristic when common operation mode is the oxygen of excess supply amount is shown. By Fig. 4Known, even output voltage (VFC) identical, the oxygen amount of supplying with to fuel cell 100 is fewer,Output current (I1～I4) more reduce, consequently, output power also reduces.
Fig. 5 be by fuel cell 100 in the time that small power generation mode is selected obtainable operating point withConventionally the key diagram of the overlapping expression of IV characteristic under operation mode. In the time that operation mode is selected conventionally,If the output voltage of fuel cell 100 is set as to specific value (VFC), output current becomesFor I1. With respect to this, in the time that small power generation mode is selected, by one side by fuel cell 100Output voltage be set as specific value (VFC), change for oxygen supply amount on one side, will export thusThe size of electric current is set as than above-mentioned I1Little value arbitrarily, is controlled to generated energy desiredValue. Therefore, obtainable operating point can in the time that small power generation mode is selected for fuel cell 100Being set in output voltage is VFCAnd output current is 0 to I1The line segment of scope on.
In the time that the small power generation mode of motor 170 failed call electric power is selected, load request totalAmount at least comprises the electric power that requires of vehicle subsidiary engine and fuel cell subsidiary engine. Small power generation mode is selectedTime the load request of target generated energy based on above-mentioned set. It should be noted that, smallWhen power generation mode is selected, provide above-mentioned bearing without the generation power of utilizing fuel cell 100Carry the total amount (more than target generated energy being made as to the total amount of above-mentioned load request) requiring, alsoThe part that can require from secondary cell 172 output loadings. And, above-mentioned load requestTotal amount can also comprise the electric power for secondary cell 172 is charged. At small generating mouldWhen formula is selected, the requirement electricity of above-mentioned vehicle subsidiary engine, fuel cell subsidiary engine and secondary cell 172Power change, is therefore accompanied by load change and the target generated energy of fuel cell 100 also canVariation. But preferably, it is auxiliary that target generated energy when small power generation mode is selected is no more than vehicleThe total amount that requires electric power that requires electric power and secondary cell 172 of machine and fuel cell subsidiary engine.
At this, if the target generated energy of fuel cell 100 is made as to vehicle subsidiary engine and fuel cellBelow the total that requires electric power of subsidiary engine, can suppress the remaining capacity of secondary cell 172(SOC) become superfluous. And, if the target generated energy of fuel cell 100 is set as exceedingThe total that requires electric power of vehicle subsidiary engine and fuel cell subsidiary engine, can suppress secondary cell 172The too decline of remaining capacity (SOC), can make the frequency that secondary cell 172 is chargedDegree declines. In the time of the charging of secondary cell 172, exist compressor reducer 130 drive volume increase andProduce the possibility of noise, and by the minimizing frequency that charges, can suppress such unfavorable condition.The target generated energy of the fuel cell 100 when therefore, small power generation mode is selected is as long as according to combustionExpect operating condition and the load request etc. of fuel cell vehicle 20 and suitably set.
In the air supply portion 140 of present embodiment, as already described, to fuel cell 100The air capacity (oxygen amount) supplied with of cathode side stream 148 according to the drive volume of compressor reducer 130,The valve state of opening of flow divider 144 and the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 are determined. In this enforcement sideIn formula, in the time that small power generation mode is selected, in these parameters, by the valve of opening of flow divider 144State is fixed, and changes the drive volume of compressor reducer 130 and the aperture of counterbalance valve 143, thus willThe generated energy control of fuel cell 100 becomes target generated energy. Therefore, in the present embodiment,At the gamut of the target generated energy that can set, will be used for supplying with and can obtaining order to fuel cellAperture (drive volume of counterbalance valve 143) and the compressor reducer of the counterbalance valve 143 of the oxygen of mark generated energy130 drive volume is stored in the memory in control part 200 as initial value in advance. For realThe aperture of counterbalance valve 143 and the drive volume of compressor reducer 130 of existing target generated energy for example can be pre-First experimentally is obtained. It should be noted that, in the time that small power generation mode is selected, due to generatingAnd oxygen consumed, therefore, compared with non-power generation mode, the driving quantitative change of compressor reducer 130 is large.
Be the viewpoint of deteriorated (stripping) of the electrode catalyst that causes from suppressing by high potential,The target voltage of the generating voltage of the fuel cell 100 setting in the time that small power generation mode is selected(average single battery voltage) is preferably made as below 0.9V, is more preferably made as below 0.85V, entersOne step is preferably made as below 0.8V.
C. control when intermittent running model selection:
(C-1) control when non-power generation mode is selected:
Fig. 6 is that action while representing to select as non-power generation mode is in the CPU of control part 200The flow chart of routine is processed in the non-generating intermittent running control of carrying out. This routine is being selected non-When power mode, till repeatedly carrying out extremely non-power generation mode releasing. Non-power generation mode is for example producingBe disengaged (the step of Fig. 8 described later while carrying out the load request of autonomous load (motor 170) etc.S330, step S340). About the action of selecting non-power generation mode, describe in detail later.It should be noted that, the interval while repeatedly carrying out this routine is set as than changing according to this routineWhen the aperture of counterbalance valve 143, the oxygen amount of supplying with to cathode side stream 148 as its result is realThe time (for example 1～5 second) of border required time length till changing.
In the time carrying out this routine, CPU judges executory non-generating intermittent running control processing exampleWhether journey is to carry out first after the operation mode of power-supply system 30 becomes this intermittent running patternProcessing (step S100). Hold first when being judged as YES after becoming this intermittent running patternRow processing time, CPU is made as counterbalance valve 143 full-shut position (step S170) of reacting field.Then, obtain the magnitude of voltage Vme (step S175) of fuel cell 100 from voltage sensor 102.
The full-shut position of reacting field refers to that the oxygen lack territory A supplying with in Fig. 3 is suitable with equivalent proportion 1The valve state of opening of the counterbalance valve 143 when the oxygen amount of the intersection of territory B. Be, to fuel cell100 supply with that in the generating of fuel cell 100 stops, seeing through the oxidation of hydrogen of dielectric film requiredThe valve state of opening of counterbalance valve 143 when the oxygen of amount. In step S170, counterbalance valve 143 is made asWhen the full-shut position of reacting field, the oxygen amount of supplying with to fuel cell 100 and operation mode choosing conventionallyWhile selecting, compare significantly and reduce. In the present embodiment, the back of the body while becoming the full-shut position of reacting fieldThe aperture of pressure valve 143 is set in advance, is stored in the memory in control part 200.
Become this intermittent running pattern if be judged as YES in step S100 after, carry out firstMoment of processing be to switch to from " according to load request and the state that fuel cell 100 generates electricity "When " non-power generation mode ", in the moment of switching, supplying with the oxygen of excess quantity to fuel cell 100.Therefore,, if directly stop the generating of fuel cell 100 after step S170, there is fuelThe OCV of battery 100 increases to the possibility of unallowed degree. Therefore, at step S170Afterwards, also can for example become the higher limit that can allow at the output voltage of fuel cell 100Under following state, proceed the generating of fuel cell 100. Make fuel cell 100In the situation that generating continues, the oxygen amount in the cathode side stream 148 of fuel cell 100 can be because sending outElectricity is consumed and sharply reduces. Therefore, the output current of fuel cell 100 reduces gradually. ThisWhen the output current of sample fuel cell 100 reduces to a certain degree, 104 of DC/DC convertersUnder the effect of the diode possessing, the electric power from fuel cell 100 to load is supplied with and is cut off,Fuel cell 100 stops generating.
After step S170, in the situation that fuel cell 100 stops generating, see through electricityThe hydrogen of separating plasma membrane is oxidized on negative electrode, thus in the cathode side stream 148 of fuel cell 100Oxygen amount reduce rapidly. Due to the minimizing of the oxygen amount in such fuel cell 100, generating stopsAfter the OCV of fuel cell 100 drop near of the higher limit that can allow, if fuel electricityThe generating halted state in pond 100 further continues, and the OCV of fuel cell 100 drops toState below higher limit.
In step S175, if fuel cell 100 is in generating electricity, CPU obtains fuelThe output voltage of battery 100, if fuel cell 100 is in generating stops, CPU obtainsThe OCV of fuel cell 100. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned magnitude of voltageVme is divided by battery pack by the magnitude of voltage of detected voltage sensor 102 battery pack entiretyThe average single battery voltage that the monocell number possessing obtains.
In step S175, obtain after the magnitude of voltage Vme of fuel cell 100, CPU by getThe magnitude of voltage Vme and the target voltage Vmark+ α that obtain compare (step S180). At thisTarget electricity when said target voltage Vmark selects as non-power generation mode as already describedPress, be pre-stored within the memory of control part 200. And, α be on the occasion of, be for suppress toThe increase of the confession oxygen supply amount of cathode side stream 148 has little time and the OCV decline of fuel cell 100The value arranging for the situation lower than target voltage Vmark. As already described, magnitude of voltage VmeAfter stopping, the generating of fuel cell 100 declines gradually, therefore in the present embodiment, and repeatedlyCarry out obtaining with the judgement of step S180 until magnitude of voltage of magnitude of voltage Vme in step S175Till Vme becomes below target voltage Vmark+ α.
In step S180, being judged as magnitude of voltage Vme becomes below target voltage Vmark+ αAfter, CPU is pre-so that the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 becomes as the aperture for realizing VmarkThe first mode of the aperture of storage, to the stepping motor output drive signal (step of counterbalance valve 143Rapid S190), finish this routine. The oxygen amount of, supplying with to fuel cell 100 from reacting fieldOxygen amount corresponding to full-shut position increase to the oxygen corresponding with aperture for realizing above-mentioned VmarkAmount.
At this, increase for oxygen supply amount if make after magnitude of voltage Vme drops to target voltage Vmark,, till the oxygen of desired amount arrives negative electrode, the voltage of fuel cell 100 further declines,Likely magnitude of voltage Vme is lower than Vmark. In the present embodiment, drop to target at VmeTo make the opportunity of voltage Vmark+ α increase for oxygen supply amount, therefore can suppress fuel cell 100Voltage drop is the situation lower than target voltage Vmark. The value of above-mentioned α is as long as consider to drive the back of the bodyResponse when pressure valve 143 and/or the oxygen that has increased quantity delivered arrive the speed (example till negative electrodeAs, the impact that the flow path resistance in the stream that is subject to comprising cathode side stream 148 and/or stream are long)Suitably set.
In step S100, if be judged as executory non-generating intermittent running processing routine be notBecome the processing of carrying out first after this intermittent running pattern, that is, be judged as counterbalance valve 143Aperture control start, CPU obtains fuel cell 100 from voltage sensor 102Magnitude of voltage Vme (step S110). Obtain magnitude of voltage Vme in step S110 time, due toFuel cell 100 has stopped generating, therefore in step S110, obtains fuel cell 100OCV。
Obtained magnitude of voltage Vme in step S110 after, CPU is by obtained magnitude of voltageVme and target voltage Vmark compare (step S130). Voltage in result relativelyValue Vme is than high the first value of target voltage Vmark above (following, also referred to as high-voltage state)Situation under, CPU, under non-generating state, reduces by the aperture that reduces counterbalance valve 143The flow (step S140) of the oxygen of supplying with to cathode side stream 148, finishes this routine. ThanResult is that magnitude of voltage Vme (also claims below, than low the second value of target voltage Vmark is aboveFor low-voltage state) situation under, CPU under non-generating state, by increase counterbalance valve 143Aperture and increase the flow (step S150) of the oxygen of supplying with to cathode side stream 148, finishThis routine. Not meet above-mentioned high-voltage state and low-voltage state (symbol in result relativelyClose voltage and maintain state) situation under, CPU is under non-generating state, by remaining currentThe aperture of counterbalance valve 143 maintains the oxygen amount (step S160) of supplying with to cathode side stream 148,Finish this routine.
In the present embodiment, while reducing the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 in step S140 and in stepWhile increasing the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 in rapid S150, by driving of the stepping motor of counterbalance valve 143Momentum is made as the amount that aperture is changed to 1 grade. , when changing the aperture of counterbalance valve 143Least unit, changes aperture. Thus, can suppress the excessive voltage change of fuel cell 100Moving. But the change amount of the aperture of every 1 time of counterbalance valve 143 also can be set as 2 grades of amountsAbove.
And, in step S140, make the first value of using of judgement that oxygen amount reduces and in stepThe second value that the judgement that makes oxygen amount increase in S150 is used can be different value, can be also phaseWith value. First and second value as long as on the occasion of, can consider oxygen flow variation with respect toThe response of the driving signal that counterbalance valve 143 is inputted etc. and arbitrarily set.
(C-2) control when small power generation mode is selected:
Fig. 7 is action while representing to select as the small power generation mode CPU at control part 200The flow chart of routine is processed in the small generating intermittent running control of middle execution. This routine is at smallWhen power mode is selected, till execution to small power generation mode is disengaged repeatedly. Small generating mouldFormula is for example disengaged (aftermentioned in the time carrying out the load request of autonomous load (motor 170) and exist etc.Step S380, the step S390 of Fig. 8). About the action of selecting small power generation mode,Hereinafter describe in detail. It should be noted that, the interval while repeatedly carrying out this routine be set as thanWhile changing the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 according to this routine, as a result of and to cathode side stream 148The time (for example 20～30 seconds) of required time length till the oxygen amount actual change of supplying with.
In the time carrying out this routine, CPU judges executory small generating intermittent running control processingWhether routine is the processing (step S200) of having selected small power generation mode to carry out first afterwards.When be judged as YES while having selected small power generation mode processing first time, CPU is by counterbalance valve 143Be made as the full-shut position of already described reacting field, and the output voltage of fuel cell 100 is set asTarget voltage Vmark (step S280), finishes this routine. , for DC/DC converter174, instruction is stored in target voltage Vmark in memory as target as initial value in advanceVoltage.
If counterbalance valve 143 is made as to the full-shut position of reacting field in step S280, to fuelThe oxygen supply of the cathode side stream 148 of battery 100 significantly reduces. If to cathode side stream 148The state that significantly reduces of oxygen supply under continue the generating of fuel cell 100, follow generating andOxygen amount in cathode side stream 148 can reduce. Now, the output voltage of fuel cell 100 is solidBe decided to be target voltage Vmark, therefore follow the minimizing of above-mentioned oxygen amount, fuel cell 100 defeatedGo out electric current and output power declines gradually. As shown in Figure 5, fuel cell 100 is in small generatingWhen model selection, can be set in output voltage be V to obtainable operating pointFC(target voltageVmark) and output current be 0 to I1The line segment of scope on. Therefore, when reducing to cathode sideWhen the oxygen supply of stream 148, the operating point of fuel cell 100 is on above-mentioned line segment, from outputElectric current is I1The direction that reduces to output current of point move gradually. It should be noted that, nowThe electric power that fuel cell 100 sends, by fuel cell subsidiary engine and the consumption of vehicle subsidiary engine, is enteringOne step produces in the situation of more electric power, is used in the charging of secondary cell 172.
If be judged as executory small generating intermittent running control processing example in step S200Journey is not the processing of having selected small power generation mode to carry out first afterwards, and CPU sets fuel electricityThe target generated energy Pmark (step S210) in pond. Target generated energy Pmark is as already described,The electric power that requires based on vehicle subsidiary engine, fuel cell subsidiary engine and secondary cell 172 is set.
In step S210, after target setting generated energy Pmark, CPU judges counterbalance valve 143The whether full-shut position (step S220) in reacting field. In step S220, be judged as back pressureThe situation of the full-shut position of valve 143 in reacting field is to start control place of small generating intermittent runningReason routine, after in step S280, counterbalance valve 143 has just been set as the full-shut position of reacting field,And do not start the situation of the control of the oxygen amount of supplying with to cathode side stream 148.
In step S220, be judged as the situation of the full-shut position of counterbalance valve 143 in reacting fieldUnder, CPU with supply with to cathode side stream 148 for realize target generated energy Pmark requiredThe mode of oxygen amount, regulates for oxygen supply amount (step S290), finishes this routine. As already described,The target voltage Vmark's that can set in the time that small power generation mode is selected in the present embodiment,In gamut, by the counterbalance valve for supply with the oxygen that can obtain target generated energy to fuel cell143 aperture (drive volume of counterbalance valve 143) and the drive volume of compressor reducer 130 are in advance as reflectingPenetrate and be stored in the memory in control part 200. In step S290, based target generatingAmount Pmark, with reference to above-mentioned mapping, regulates for oxygen supply amount.
In step S220, be judged as the not full-shut position in reacting field of counterbalance valve 143, that is,Be judged as while beginning for the control of oxygen supply amount, CPU derives the current of fuel cell 100Generated energy Pme (step S230). The generated energy Pme of fuel cell 100 is according to voltage sensorThe detected output electricity of the detected output voltage V me of device 102 and current sensor 103Stream Ime calculates.
In step S230, derive after generated energy Pme, CPU sends out generated energy Pme and targetElectric weight Pmark compares (step S240). That generated energy Pme compares order in result relativelyIn the situation of many first values of mark generated energy Pmark above (following, also referred to as high output state),CPU reduces the control (step S250) of the oxygen amount of supplying with to cathode side stream 148, knotRestraint this routine. That generated energy Pme is than few the second value of target generated energy Pmark in result relativelyIn the situation of (following, also referred to as low output state), CPU increases to cathode side aboveThe control (step S260) of the oxygen amount that stream 148 is supplied with, finishes this routine. At knot relativelyFruit is not meet above-mentioned high output state and low output state (meet output and maintain state)In situation, CPU maintains the oxygen amount (step S270) of supplying with to cathode side stream 148, finishesThis routine.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the control of the increase and decrease of confession oxygen supply amount is as already describedLike that, by by the drive volume of opening valve state and fix and change compressor reducer 130 of flow divider 144And the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 is carried out. Especially pass through compression for the significantly change of oxygen supply amountThe change of the drive volume of device 130 is carried out, for inching the opening by counterbalance valve 143 of oxygen supply amountDegree changes and carries out. For example,, in the difference hour of generated energy Pme and target generated energy Pmark, onlyChange the aperture of counterbalance valve 143. Now, when the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 increase and decreaseVariable quantity constant (for example at every turn changing 1 grade of amount) all the time, also can generated energy PmeMore increase the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 is increased and decreased with the difference of target generated energy Pmark is largerDegree. And, change and generated energy Pme and target generated energy Pmark at for example load requestDifference increase situation under, can replace counterbalance valve 143 aperture change and change compressor reducer 130Drive volume, or except the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 changes, also change compressor reducer 130Drive volume. Like this, by the drive volume of compressor reducer 130 and the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 are becomeMore combination, can suppress the variation of the drive volume of compressor reducer 130. Therefore, can suppress by pressingThe generation of the noise that the situation of the rotating speed variation of contracting device 130 causes.
It should be noted that the first value that the judgement that makes oxygen amount reduce is used in step S250The second value using with the judgement that makes oxygen amount increase in step S260 can be different value, alsoIt can be identical value. First and second value as long as on the occasion of, can consider oxygen flow variationWith respect to the response of the driving signal of inputting to counterbalance valve 143 and compressor reducer 130 etc. and arbitrarilySet.
D. the switching controls of intermittent running pattern:
Fig. 8 is what to represent as the relevant action of the setting of intermittent running pattern at control part 200The intermittent running pattern of carrying out in CPU is set the flow chart of processing routine. This routine at power supply isAfter system 30 startings, repeatedly carry out until be transfused to user the in service of power-supply system 30The instruction that stops of system till. In power-supply system 30, as already described, select non-generatingAny in pattern and small power generation mode is as intermittent running pattern. In the present embodiment,In the time of intermittent running model selection, conventionally set non-power generation mode, as described later at intermittent runningIn model selection, exist in the situation of specific load request, select small power generation mode to suppressVariation in voltage.
In the time carrying out this routine, CPU derives load request (step S300). Load request asAlready described is the requirement that requires electric power and vehicle subsidiary engine and fuel cell subsidiary engine of motor 170 like thatThe summation of electric power. Motor 170 require electric power based on accel sensor 180 and carSpeed sensor detection signal and obtain. Vehicle subsidiary engine and fuel cell subsidiary engine require electric power baseObtain in the driving signal to each subsidiary engine output.
Then, CPU judges whether the load request of deriving is the following (step of predetermined a reference valueRapid S310). Not below a reference value in the situation that being judged as load request, do not select intermittentlyOperation mode, CPU finishes this routine. In this case, based on load request, carry out conventionallyThe control of operation mode.
The in the situation that of being judged as load request and being below a reference value in step S310, CPU carries outRoutine (step S320) is processed in the non-generating intermittent running control of Fig. 6. It should be noted that,Process in routine the target of fuel cell 100 in the non-generating intermittent running control of step S320Voltage is set as target voltage Vmark1. In the present embodiment, in step S320, carry outThe state of load request when routine is processed in non-generating intermittent running control is equivalent to ask for solving" the first low load condition " in the means of topic, target voltage Vmark1 is equivalent to ask for solving" first object voltage " in the means of topic.
In step S320, when CPU processes routine whenever the non-generating intermittent running control of execution,Judge whether to exist the load request that exceedes a reference value using in the judgement of step S310(step S330). In step S330, CPU performs step the non-generator compartment of S320 repeatedlyHaving a rest running is controlled and is processed routine until be judged as and exist the load request that exceedes said reference value to beOnly.
The load request that exceedes said reference value in step S330 if be judged as exists, CPUWhether the load request that judgement becomes the object of judgement meets non-replacement load request (stepS340). In the present embodiment, between the load request that exceedes said reference value is divided into and should removesHave a rest operation mode (should finish Fig. 8 intermittent running pattern set process routine) replacement loadRequire and do not remove the non-replacement load request of intermittent running pattern. In the present embodiment, willThe load request when SOC of secondary cell 172 declines is (for filling secondary cell 172The load request of electricity) be made as non-replacement load request. In step S340, be judged as and be not non-heavyPutting load request, is while connecting (for example, become accelerator) in the situation of replacement load request,CPU finishes this routine.
Non-replacement load request if be judged as in step S340, CPU interrupt based onThe have a rest generating of operation mode, carries out the Generation Control (step S350) for non-replacement load request.In the time of the such generating for non-replacement load request of the charging of secondary cell 172, with logicalUnder normal operation mode is similarly supplied with the hydrogen of excess quantity and state from oxygen to fuel cell 100,Carry out fuel cell 100 can send the mode of the electric power corresponding with non-replacement load requestGeneration Control. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, by the Generation Control of step S350The output voltage of fuel cell 100 be expressed as Vout. In the present embodiment, Vout is ratioThe target voltage Vmark1 that routine sets is processed in the non-generating intermittent running control of step S320Large value.
Starting after the Generation Control of step S350, CPU judges whether to finish heavy with respect to non-Put the output from fuel cell 100 (step S360) of load request. Particularly, judgementThe SOC of secondary cell 172 recovers and answers complete charge. CPU continues to carry out step S350Output control, until be judged as the output that should finish with respect to non-replacement load request.
If be judged as the output that should finish with respect to non-replacement load request in step S360,CPU reverts to the control of intermittent running pattern and changes, and intermittent running mould afterwardsUnder formula, routine (step S370) is processed in the small generating intermittent running control of execution graph 7. ?The small generating intermittent running control of step S370 is processed in routine, the target of fuel cell 100It is target that voltage is set as than the large value of target voltage Vmark1 using in step S320Voltage Vmark2. In the present embodiment, in step S370, carry out intermittently fortune of small generatingTurn and control the state of processing load request when routine and be equivalent to means for dealing with problems" the second low load condition ", target voltage Vmark2 is equivalent to means for dealing with problems" the second target voltage ". It should be noted that the second target voltage of setting in step S370Vmark2 is preferably low than the output voltage V out of step S350. This is because changing outputWhen voltage, compared with the change that makes voltage increase, make the change of voltage drop can suppress each listThe inequality of the voltage of battery expands. And be because, at the small power generation mode of step S370After control starts, even further continue and the voltage inequality of each monocell at low load conditionIn situation about expanding, also can suppress not become to preferred degree the product of high-tension monocellRaw.
In step S370, CPU processes routine whenever carrying out small generating intermittent running controlTime, judge whether produce exceed a reference value using in the judgement of step S310 load wantAsk (step S380). In step S380, CPU performs step small of S370 repeatedlyRoutine is processed in electricity intermittent running control, produces the load that exceedes said reference value and wants until be judged asTill asking.
The load request that exceedes said reference value in step S380 if be judged as exists, CPUWhether the load request that judgement becomes the object of judgement meets non-replacement load request (stepS390). This step S390 is the processing same with already described step S340. If at step S390In to be judged as be non-replacement load request, CPU returns to step S350, execution step S350Later already described processing. Not non-replacement load request if be judged as in step S390,Be (for example, when accelerator is connected) in the situation of replacement load request, CPU finishes this routine.It should be noted that, in step S340 and step S390, be judged as and exist replacement load to wantAfter asking, according to the load request from motor 170, start based on common operation modeGenerating.
According to the power-supply system 30 of the present embodiment forming as described above, become at load requestDuring for low load condition below predefined a reference value, select the situation of intermittent running patternUnder, set first object voltage Vmark1 as target voltage. And load request is super afterwardsCross said reference value, and to exceed the first object electricity being used in above-mentioned intermittent running patternThe output voltage V out of pressure Vmark1 becomes after having carried out the generating of fuel cell 100 againFor low load condition is selected in the situation of intermittent running pattern, will be than above-mentioned first object voltageThe second target voltage Vmark2 that Vmark1 is high is made as target voltage. Like this, by with thanThe high output voltage V out of first object voltage Vmark1 when intermittent running model selection carries outGenerating after, in the time again selecting intermittent running pattern thereafter, use than first object voltageThe second target voltage Vmark2 that Vmark1 is high, can suppress the electricity of fuel cell 100 thusPress variation. Therefore, can suppress the variation of the electrode potential of fuel cell 100, suppress electrodeThe stripping of catalyst (especially cathode electrode catalyst), improves the durable of fuel cell 100Property.
In the present embodiment, set and process in routine in intermittent running pattern, be judged as placeIn the time should selecting the low load condition of intermittent running pattern, first, select non-power generation mode (stepRapid S320). Like this, in the time of low load condition, before small power generation mode, select non-generatingPattern, can suppress the Fuel Consumption under low load condition thus, can improve power-supply system 30The energy efficiency of entirety. This is because in the time that small power generation mode is selected, disappear in order to generate electricityConsumption hydrogen, with respect to this, in the time that non-power generation mode is selected, the consumption of hydrogen is only via electrolyteFilm see through from anode-side stream 115 to cathode side stream 148 and on negative electrode oxidized hydrogen amount,Thereby can suppress the consumption of hydrogen. And be because be accompanied by the small power generation mode choosing of generatingCompared with while selection with non-power generation mode while selecting, need to increase for oxygen supply amount, the driving of compressor reducer 130Amount, the power consumption amount of compressor reducer 130 also increases.
And, in the present embodiment, with than the high output of first object voltage Vmark1Voltage Vout carried out generating after, use than first object voltage Vmark1 high secondWhen target voltage Vmark2 carries out the control of intermittent running pattern, select small power generation mode conductIntermittent running pattern. In the time that small power generation mode is selected, fuel cell 100 generates electricity, and therefore canEnough suppress the decline of the SOC of secondary cell 172, can suppress secondary cell 172 to fillThe frequency of electricity. In the time of the charging of secondary cell 172, in order to be charged from fuel cell 100With electric power, need to increase the drive volume of compressor reducer 130. Select small power generation mode asThe operation mode of having a rest, suppresses the charging frequency of secondary cell 172, can suppress thus by charging timeThe drive volume of compressor reducer 130 increases the generation of the noise causing.
It should be noted that institute in routine is processed in the non-generating intermittent running control of step S320The target voltage of setting does not need constant all the time in the execution of step S320. For example can be asState like that, when " showing rapidly the high state of possibility of load request from load ", setHigher target voltage, " showing rapidly the low state of possibility of load request " from loadTime, set lower target voltage. Like this, even if change non-in the execution of step S320In the situation of the target voltage of power mode, the target before the action of step S320 is about to releasingWhen voltage is made as already described first object voltage Vmark1, in step S370, will be than above-mentionedThe voltage that first object voltage Vmark1 is high is set as the second target voltage Vmark2.
In the present embodiment, the non-replacement load request judging is made as to two in step S340The load request of the charging use of primary cell 172, while being made as accelerator connection by replacement load requestLoad request, but also can be made as different structures. For example, non-replacement load request is passableComprise the load request from motor 170. But, preferably in the future since power-supply system 30 connectsBe subject to electric power supply with load in main load (main load) be motor 170 load wantAsk and be made as replacement load request, by from requiring generated energy than the load (pair of little other of main loadLoad) load request be made as non-replacement load request. Want in the load that produces autonomous loadWhile asking, by the judgement of selecting intermittent running pattern is reset, controlling on the whole, holdingEasily carry out the operation mode adopting at first (in present embodiment in the time that intermittent running pattern is selectedIn be non-power generation mode, set lower first object voltage Vmark1 as target voltage).Like this, the operation mode that target voltage values is lower preferentially easily carries out in control entirety, byThis can improve the energy efficiency of entire system.
In the present embodiment, will be in the time of intermittent running model selection selected operation mode (First operation mode) be made as non-power generation mode, will be selected after non-replacement load requestOperation mode (follow-up operation mode) is made as small power generation mode, but also can be made as differenceStructure. For example, also initial operation mode can be made as to small power generation mode, by follow-upOperation mode be made as non-power generation mode. Or, for example, also can only adopt small power generation modeAs intermittent running pattern, initial operation mode and follow-up these both sides of operation mode are made asSmall power generation mode. Or, for example, also can only adopt non-power generation mode as intermittent running mouldFormula, is made as non-power generation mode by initial operation mode and follow-up these both sides of operation mode.
As the form that both sides is made as to non-power generation mode, can illustrate following form. ,As already described, be that P shelves use low target voltage to carry out non-power generation mode because of gearWhen control, even if maintain P shelves again become low load condition after non-replacement load request timeSituation under, as long as carry out non-generating afterwards with the suitable higher target voltage of D shelvesThe control of pattern.
E. negative electrode scavenging when small power generation mode is selected:
In the time selecting small power generation mode as intermittent running pattern, be accompanied by generating (electrochemistryThe progress of reaction) and on negative electrode, generate water. When produce water on negative electrode time, at negative electrode andIn near cathode side stream 148, there is liquid hydropexic possibility. When at negative electrode andWhen near delay aqueous water, may cause variety of issue by the aqueous water being detained. Therefore, at thisIn embodiment, temporarily increase the oxygen amount (air of supplying with to cathode side stream 148Flow), be detained aqueous water is blown away and the processing of removing (following, also referred to as negative electrodeScavenging). Below, target scavenging describes.
In the time generating electricity with common operation mode, while selection with small power generation mode compared with generatingAmount is many, therefore also many with the generating generation water yield together. But, in operation mode selection conventionallyTime to negative electrode supply with oxygen amount (air mass flow) many, therefore by supplying to cathode side stream 148The air of giving, takes away generation water as steam, or blow away with the state of aqueous water andCan remove. With respect to this, in the time that small power generation mode is selected, although generate the water yield than commonOperation mode is few while selection, but air mass flow much less therefore remove from being difficult near negative electrode,Easily produce the problem being caused by the aqueous water being detained.
As be stranded near the problem causing negative electrode by aqueous water, for example can enumerate and rise under freezing pointThe problem of the decline of moving property, the output decline of fuel cell 100, water damage is (from fuel-cell vehicle20 a large amount of aqueous waters of discharging splash near the user of that stands in fuel-cell vehicle 20Deng and bring the problem of the unplessantness displeasures such as user) and the oxidation of coal of anode catalyst.
Under freezing point, the problem of the decline of startability is low in the environment for use of fuel-cell vehicle 20In the time of the low-temperature condition of 0 DEG C, when power-supply system 30 is started after temporarily stopping again, existThe good starting of fuel cell 100 is subject to hindering such problem. Be stranded near negative electrodeIf aqueous water freezes in the stopping of power-supply system 30,, in the time of next starting, freezedThe obstruction of water and fully the oxygen of amount cannot arrive negative electrode, thereby produce such problem.
The problem that the output of fuel cell 100 declines is because aqueous water is stranded near negative electrodeIn the generating of fuel cell 100, such the asking that decline gradually of the generated energy of fuel cell 100Topic. Near aqueous water is stranded in negative electrode time, oxygen is hindered gradually to the supply of negative electrode, thereforeCan produce such problem.
The problem of water damage is carrying out the liquid being trapped in the cathode side stream 148 of fuel cellWhen processing that state water is discharged, the problem of a large amount of water is discharged on not preferred degree ground. At power supply beIn system 30, in the time of the interior delay aqueous water of cathode side stream 148, as already described, carry out negative electrode and sweepGas. If the opportunity of such negative electrode scavenging is compared with late and be trapped in the liquid state in cathode side stream 148It is superfluous that the water yield becomes, and in the time of negative electrode scavenging, discharges to outside vehicle from cathode side stream 148 is interiorThe liquid water yield can increase to not preferred degree. Therefore,, in order to suppress the problem of water damage, needTo carry out negative electrode scavenging with sufficient frequency, the liquid water yield that suppresses once to discharge.
The problem of the oxidation of coal of anode catalyst is to be detained and to have superfluous aqueous water and anode at anodeBecome hydrogen deficiency, in the fuel cell in generating, replace normal electrochemical reaction thus,The oxidation reaction (decomposition) that holds the carbon of the electrode catalyst of anode is made progress this problem. Like thisProblem caused by following reason: in the time that the aqueous water that is stranded in negative electrode becomes surplus, superfluousAqueous water moves and is detained via dielectric film anode side, and hydrogen is difficult to arrive anode. Therefore,By the aqueous water quantitative change of moving in anode side and be detained obtain superfluous before, by the liquid of cathode sideState water is removed, and can suppress the generation of the problem of oxidation of coal.
Fig. 9 conceptually represents to cause near generation is stranded in negative electrode by aqueous waterAbove-mentioned each problem and amount of moisture in the cathode side stream 148 that can allow (following, also claimFor allow water content) key diagram. For avoiding the permission water content that produces each problem to lead toCrossing following mode knows by realization in advance: the moon that monitoring calculates according to the accumulative total of generating electricity on one sideThe generation water yield at utmost point place, continues generating with small power generation mode on one side, obtains above-mentioned each problemThe total amount of generation water yield when generation. Allowing according to respectively having problems the feelings that water content is differentUnder condition, the minimum of a value in the permission water content based on above-mentioned each problem (rises under the freezing point in Fig. 9The permission water content of moving property) control the opportunity of implementing negative electrode scavenging.
Be whether (whether to meet due under small power generation mode on the opportunity that should carry out negative electrode scavengingThe generating of fuel cell and the aqueous water that produces in fuel cell is stranded in fuel cell superfluouslyIn aqueous water be detained condition) judgement can be by for example in the time that small power generation mode be selected,Continue to carry out calculating of the generation water yield based on the accumulative total of generating electricity, and whether reach according to generating the water yieldJudge to above-mentioned permission water content. Or, also can preset cathode side stream 148In amount of moisture reach and meet aqueous water and be detained the required elapsed time till the amount of moisture of condition,Carry out negative electrode scavenging every the elapsed time setting. In this case, preference is as consideredThe maximums of target generated energy when small power generation mode is selected etc., even with small power generation modeThe variation of generated energy when selection also can avoid the amount of moisture in cathode side stream 148 to become superfluousMode is set the above-mentioned elapsed time.
In the power-supply system 30 of present embodiment, in the time of negative electrode scavenging, counterbalance valve 143 is establishedFor standard-sized sheet, and the valve state of opening of change flow divider 144, thus compressor reducer 130 is taken intoThe whole of air supply with to cathode side stream 148. For suppressing fully above-mentioned by negative electrodeAir mass flow (compressor reducer 130 generation of the problem that the aqueous water of side causes, when negative electrode scavengingDrive volume) experimentally research in advance. Therefore, the compressor reducer 130 when negative electrode scavengingThe result of drive volume based on above-mentioned experimentally research set. Each according to what produceProblem and for inhibition problem occurs in situation that the drive volume of required compressor reducer 130 is different,For example, if the value that the drive volume maximum of required compressor reducer 130 occurs with inhibition problem mateThe drive volume of compressor reducer 130 is set on ground. Or also can use in order to eliminate above-mentioned permittingPermitted the drive volume of the required compressor reducer 130 of the minimum problem of water content, carried out negative electrode scavenging.
In the time increasing as described above the air mass flow of supplying with to cathode side stream 148, relativelyIn generated energy and air supply quantitative change obtain superfluous, therefore logical with shown in Fig. 5 of fuel cell 100Operating point in IV characteristic when normal operation mode is selected generates electricity. Therefore, in negative electrode scavengingTime, in the IV characteristic while selection to become common operation mode and output voltage become the permission upper limitThe mode of following operating point, suitably selects the target voltage of fuel cell 100. , negative electrodeThe processing of scavenging is temporarily to interrupt in order to remove the aqueous water being trapped in cathode side stream 148As the control of small power generation mode, select will exceed under small power generation mode to fuel cellThe negative electrode scavenging operation mode that the oxygen of the excess quantity of the 100 oxygen amounts of supplying with is supplied with to fuel cell 100Processing.
It should be noted that, in the time of negative electrode scavenging, increase for oxygen supply amount as mentioned above, therefore combustionIt is many while selection than small power generation mode that the generated energy of material battery 100 becomes. Send so superfluouslyElectric power be charged to secondary cell 172. Therefore, at the remaining capacity that is thought of as secondary cell 172(SOC) in the situation that the electric power producing while being difficult to target scavenging greatly charges, Ke YichaoThe output voltage of the fuel cell 100 while crossing the scavenging of above-mentioned permission upper limit ground setting negative electrode, presses downThe generated energy of the fuel cell 100 when negative electrode scavenging processed. And, also can negative electrode scavenging itBefore, make in advance the remaining capacity of secondary cell 172 decline. Carry out below about such controlExplanation.
Figure 10 represents the action relevant as negative electrode scavenging and in the CPU of control part 200The negative electrode scavenging control of carrying out is processed the flow chart of routine. This routine is selected in power-supply system 30When small power generation mode, till repeatedly carrying out and being disengaged to small power generation mode.
In the time carrying out this routine, CPU judges that aqueous water is detained condition and whether sets up (step S400).The judgement whether the aqueous water condition of being detained is set up is as already described. But, in the present embodiment,As described later, before processing, negative electrode scavenging make the remaining capacity of secondary cell 172 declineProcessing, therefore preferably to carry out negative electrode scavenging processing after the processing that remaining capacity is declinedThe generation water yield at the moment negative electrode place mode that is no more than already described permission water content judge above-mentioned liquidThe establishment of state hydropexis condition. For example, reach " from already described permission in the generation water yield at negative electrode placeWater content deducts the generation water yield producing at negative electrode during the processing that remaining capacity is declined and obtainsThe amount arriving " the former stage, be judged as above-mentioned aqueous water delay condition and set up. CPU repeatedlyCarry out the judgement of step S400 until the establishment of aqueous water delay condition.
In step S400, be judged as after the establishment of aqueous water delay condition, CPU judges fuel cellWhether 100 internal temperature is predefined fiducial temperature following (step S410). SentencingBreak as the internal temperature of fuel cell 100 exceedes in the situation of said reference temperature, CPU does not enterRow negative electrode scavenging and finish this routine. The internal temperature of fuel cell 100 is higher, at negative electrodeThe interior aqueous water in effluent road 148 more easily gasifies, the more difficult delay of aqueous water. In present embodimentIn, in the time that the internal temperature of fuel cell 100 has exceeded said reference temperature, be judged as negative electrodeThe interior aqueous water in effluent road 148 is not detained the degree for producing above-mentioned each problem, does not carry out negative electrodeScavenging. The internal temperature of fuel cell 100 for example can be arranged from fuel cell 100 by detectingThe temperature of the cold-producing medium going out is known. Or, direct-detection fuel cell 100 also can be setThe temperature sensor of internal temperature. It should be noted that, in the inside of fuel cell 100 temperatureWhen degree has exceeded fiducial temperature, also can not be made as and not carry out negative electrode scavenging, make negative electrode and be made asAir supply amount (drive volume of compressor reducer 130) when scavenging reduces. Or, at fuel electricityWhen the internal temperature in pond 100 has exceeded fiducial temperature, also can extend carry out negative electrode scavenging timeBetween interval. And, also can be made as the control of not carrying out the internal temperature based on fuel cell 100System changes.
If in step S410, be judged as the internal temperature of fuel cell 100 and be fiducial temperature withUnder, CPU makes the processing (step that the remaining capacity (SOC) of secondary cell 172 declinesRapid S420). Particularly, as the target voltage of fuel cell 100, maintain smallThe target voltage Vmark using under power mode, and by target generated energy from small power generation modeMiddle used target generated energy Pmark1 changes to lower target generated energy Pmark2. ,In the time that output voltage is target voltage Vmark, make generated energy become target to send out realizingThe mode of the confession oxygen supply amount of electric weight Pmark2, regulates the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 (by counterbalance valve 143Aperture change to closing direction, make to reduce for oxygen supply amount).
The target generated energy Pmark2 of step S420 for example can be as described below according to making twoThe degree that the remaining capacity of primary cell 172 declines is set. During, due to negative electrode scavengingThe target voltage of fuel cell 100 is preset, and therefore as already described, obtains common runningGenerated energy when the negative electrode scavenging of the operating point in IV characteristic when model selection is also determined. Its knotFruit is, can know for by the remaining electric power sending when the negative electrode scavenging to secondary cell 172Charging and need to make the SOC of secondary cell 172 before charging drop to which kind of degree (target is residualDeposit capacity). At this, if the generated energy of fuel cell 100 is made as and is less than vehicle subsidiary engine and combustionExpect the load that requires of battery subsidiary engine, by exporting insufficient section from secondary cell 172, canThe SOC of secondary cell 172 is declined. And, in the present embodiment, step S420'sProcessing the lasting time is also preset. Therefore, CPU sets step S420 as followsIn target generated energy Pmark2: by residual to the current SOC of secondary cell 172 and above-mentioned targetThe capacity of depositing compares, and considers from the load that requires of subsidiary engine class, as above-mentioned steps S420The lasting time of processing and in the predefined time, can make the SOC of secondary cell 172Drop to target remaining capacity.
Carried out SOC decline processing in step S420 after, CPU carries out negative electrode scavenging placeReason (step S430). After the negative electrode scavenging of step S430 is processed, CPU controls changeFor small power generation mode (step S440), finish this routine. That is, maintain target voltage Vmark,And make target generated energy return to the target generated energy Pmark1 of small power generation mode, realizingMake generated energy become the mode of the confession oxygen supply amount of target generated energy Pmark1, regulate counterbalance valveThe drive volume of 143 aperture and/or compressor reducer 130.
If carry out like this negative electrode scavenging processing, even if continue for a long time at small power generation modeIn situation, also can suppress the generation of the already described variety of issue being caused by the generation water at negative electrode place.And, process by the SOC decline of carrying out secondary cell 172 before negative electrode scavenging, canThe superfluous electric power producing when the negative electrode scavenging is charged to secondary cell 172, and milli is without barrier with instituteCarry out negative electrode scavenging the opportunity of wishing.
F. variation:
Variation 1:
In the above-described embodiment, will be located at oxygen supply in order to change the oxygen amount of supplying with to negative electrodeThe flow rate regulating valve on road is made as the counterbalance valve 143 of being located at the second air flow circuit 145, but also can shapeBecome different structures. Also can replace the oxygen flow being arranged on for discharging from fuel cell 100The counterbalance valve 143 as choke valve of stream (downstream stream), and by be controlled at forThe aperture of the choke valve arranging for the stream (upstream side stream) of oxygen supply to fuel cell 100 is comeRegulate for oxygen supply amount. Or, also can by be controlled at downstream stream and upstream side stream thisThe aperture of the choke valve that both sides arrange regulates for oxygen supply amount. Can regulate to negative electrode as long as arrangeThe flow rate regulating valve of the oxygen amount of supplying with, just can carry out the control same with embodiment.
And, in the above-described embodiment, in the time that non-power generation mode is selected, by compressor reducer 130Drive volume and the aperture of opening valve state and fix and change counterbalance valve 143 of flow divider 144,Thus so that the OCV of fuel cell 100 becomes the mode control of target voltage Vmark for oxygen supplyAmount, but also can be made as different structures. For example, also can be by only changing counterbalance valve 143The method of aperture beyond control method, (oxygen is led to change drive volume from compressor reducer 130Enter the oxygen amount that portion imports), the valve state of opening of flow divider 144 and the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 (streamAmount is adjusted the aperture of valve) at least one the method selected, control for oxygen supply amount.
And, in the above-described embodiment, bypass flow path (the 3rd air is set on oxygen supply roadStream 146), by regulating the valve state of opening of flow divider 144 and the aperture of counterbalance valve 143 (streamAmount is adjusted the aperture of valve), by the oxygen amount below the lower limit of the confession oxygen supply amount of compressor reducer 130 toNegative electrode is supplied with, and carries out the control of intermittent running pattern, but also can be made as different structures. ExampleAs, also can replace compressor reducer 130 and the oxygen that arranges can be by intermittent running model selection time suppliesBe adjusted to the compressor reducer of desirable flow to amount, or also arrange except compressor reducer 130Such compressor reducer, regulates for oxygen supply amount by the drive volume control of such compressor reducer. ?Make to be made as such structure, also can measure for oxygen supply amount, by based on magnitude of voltage VmeAnd/or generated energy Pme regulates for oxygen supply amount, carry out thus the processing of intermittent running pattern.
Variation 2:
In the above-described embodiment, in the step S110 of non-power generation mode, obtain battery packThe average single battery voltage that obtains divided by monocell number of OCV of entirety is as magnitude of voltage Vme,Use this average single battery voltage to carry out the processing of the comparison of step S130, but also can be made asDifferent structures. For example, can individually measure the each monocell that forms fuel cell 100Voltage, as magnitude of voltage Vme, can use minimum single battery voltage, also can use the highestSingle battery voltage. In the situation that using minimum single battery voltage, from suppressing the electricity of each monocellIt is favourable pressing excessive descent and the electrode catalyst of negative electrode to be set out by the viewpoint of over reduction. AndAnd, in the situation that using the highest single battery voltage, from the voltage that suppresses each monocell excessivelyRise and the viewpoint of the excessive stripping of electrode catalyst of negative electrode to set out be favourable.
In the above-described embodiment, the function being realized by software and part or all of processing are alsoCan be realized by hardware. And, by hard-wired function and processing part or all alsoCan be realized by software. As hardware, for example can use integrated circuit, discrete circuit orBy various circuit such as the circuit modules of these circuit combinations.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment of this description or embodiment, variation, notDepart from the scope of its purport and can realize with various structures. For example, the hand for dealing with problemsThe corresponding embodiment of technical characterictic, embodiment, distortion in each mode that section one hurdle is recordedTechnical characterictic in example is in order to solve part or all of above-mentioned problem, or in order to realizePart or all of above-mentioned effect, can suitably replace and/or combine. And, shouldTechnical characterictic, as long as be not to describe as necessary feature in this manual, just can be fittedWork as deletion.
Claims (13)
1. a voltage control method for fuel cell is to possess fuel from electric power to load that supply withThe voltage control method of the described fuel cell in the power-supply system of battery, wherein,
Exceed the common load shape of predetermined a reference value at the electric power that requires from described loadWhen state, supply with described at least a portion that requires electric power from described fuel cell,
Described while requiring electric power to be the low load condition below described a reference value, to described fuelBattery is supplied with than few and be to the oxygen amount of described fuel cell supply when the described common load conditionMake the voltage of described fuel cell become predefined target voltage and the oxygen amount that needs,
Be under the first low load condition below described a reference value, by first at the described electric power that requiresTarget voltage is set as described target voltage and is supplied oxygen supply to described fuel cell, then, becomesBecoming described requires electric power to exceed the state of described a reference value and makes described fuel cell with described in exceedingThe output voltage generating of first object voltage afterwards, is described base becoming the described electric power that requiresWhen standard is worth the second following low load condition, by second target higher than described first object voltageVoltage is set as described target voltage and is supplied oxygen supply to described fuel cell.
2. the voltage control method of fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein,
Under described the first low load condition and described the second low load condition, from multiple operational modesIn formula, select an operation mode, described multiple operation modes comprise non-power generation mode and smallPower mode,
Described non-power generation mode is being electrically connected between the described fuel cell of cut-out and described load,And supply with in order to make the open-circuit voltage of described fuel cell become described target to described fuel cellVoltage and the pattern of oxygen amount that needs,
Described small power generation mode is described fuel cell carries out electric power supply fortune to described loadRotary-die type is so that the output voltage of described fuel cell becomes the mode of described target voltage entersThe pattern of necessary oxygen amount is controlled and supplied with to described fuel cell to row, and described necessary oxygen amount is basisAs the target generated energy of described fuel cell and predetermined target generated energy theoretical property leadThe oxygen amount going out.
3. the voltage control method of fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein,
Under described the first low load condition, select described non-power generation mode to carry out described combustionThe oxygen supply of material battery, under described the second low load condition, selects described small power generation modeCarry out the oxygen supply to described fuel cell.
4. the voltage control method of fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein,
Described load comprises main load and requires the secondary load that electric power is fewer than described main load,
Described common load condition is the state of at least described main load request electric power,
Comprise the described low load shape of described the first low load condition and described the second low load conditionState is described main load failed call electric power and the state of described secondary load request electric power.
5. according to the voltage control method of the fuel cell described in any one in claim 2～4,Wherein,
In the time that continuing, the state of selecting described small power generation mode meets due to described small generating mouldThe generating of the described fuel cell under formula and the superfluous ground of the aqueous water that produces in described fuel cellThe aqueous water being stranded in described fuel cell is detained in the situation of condition, temporarily interrupts as instituteState the control of small power generation mode, to the oxygen of described fuel cell excess supply amount, described surplusAmount exceedes the oxygen amount of supplying with to described fuel cell under described small power generation mode.
6. the voltage control method of fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein,
Described power-supply system possesses the part of Reserve Power Division as described load, and described Reserve Power Division existsWhile having selected described small power generation mode, can accumulate the electric power of described fuel cell power generation at leastA part,
Described voltage control method meets institute in the time that the state of selecting described small power generation mode continuesState in the situation of aqueous water delay condition, in the temporary transient control of interrupting as described small power generation modeBefore system, the described target generated energy of described fuel cell is become compared with little and make described fuel electricityPond generating.
7. a power-supply system is to possess the power supply system that supplies with the fuel cell of electric power to loadSystem, possesses:
Oxygen supply portion, supplies oxygen supply to the negative electrode of described fuel cell; And
Oxygen flow regulation portion, drives described oxygen supply portion and regulates described oxygen supply portion to described negative electrodeThe oxygen amount of supplying with,
Exceed the common load shape of predetermined a reference value at the electric power that requires from described loadWhen state, described oxygen flow regulation portion is to supply with to described negative electrode described in the mode of following oxygen amount drivesOxygen supply portion: this oxygen amount makes can supply with and describedly require electric power at least from described fuel cellA part,
Described, while requiring electric power to be the low load condition below described a reference value, described oxygen amount is adjustedJoint portion is to supply with to described negative electrode than supplying with to described fuel cell when the described common load conditionOxygen amount few and need in order to make the voltage of described fuel cell become predefined target voltageThe mode of the oxygen amount of wanting drives described oxygen supply portion,
Be under the first low load condition below described a reference value at the described electric power that requires, described oxygenAmount adjusting portion is set first object voltage to drive described oxygen supply as described target voltagePortion, then, becomes and describedly requires electric power to exceed the state of described a reference value and make described fuel electricityPond, to exceed the output voltage generating of described first object voltage, afterwards, is becoming described requirementWhen electric power is the second low load condition below described a reference value, described oxygen flow regulation portion will be than instituteState first object voltage high second target voltage set drive as described target voltage described inOxygen supply portion.
8. power-supply system according to claim 7, wherein,
Described power-supply system also possesses:
Operation mode selection portion selects an operation mode as described from multiple operation modesThe operation mode of described power-supply system when low load condition, described multiple operation modes comprise instituteState fuel cell stop generating non-power generation mode and described fuel cell described load is carried out to electricityThe small power generation mode that power is supplied with;
Load cutting portion, has selected described non-power generation mode conduct in described operation mode selection portionWhen described operation mode, cut off being electrically connected between described fuel cell and described load; And
Output voltage control portion, has selected described small generating mould in described operation mode selection portionFormula during as described operation mode, is set as described target by the output voltage of described fuel cellVoltage,
Select described non-power generation mode as described operation mode in described operation mode selection portionTime, described oxygen flow regulation portion is to supply with in order to make opening of described fuel cell to described fuel cellRoad voltage becomes described target voltage and the mode of oxygen amount that needs drives described oxygen supply portion,
Select described small power generation mode as described operational mode in described operation mode selection portionWhen formula, described oxygen flow regulation portion is to supply with to described fuel cell according to as described fuel cellTarget generated energy and the side of the necessary oxygen amount that derive on predetermined target generated energy theoretical property groundFormula drives described oxygen supply portion.
9. power-supply system according to claim 8, wherein,
In the time becoming described low load condition from described common load condition, described operation mode choosingThe portion of selecting select described non-power generation mode using described first object voltage as described target voltage asDescribed operation mode, then, become described require state that electric power exceedes described a reference value and withThe output voltage that exceedes described first object voltage carries out the generating of described fuel cell, afterwards,In the time again becoming described low load condition, described operation mode selection portion is selected with described secondTarget voltage is that the described small power generation mode of target voltage is as described operation mode.
10. power-supply system according to claim 9, wherein,
Described load comprises main load and the secondary load less than described main load,
Described common load condition is the state of at least described main load request electric power,
Described low load condition is described main load failed call electric power and described secondary load request electric powerState.
Power-supply system in 11. according to Claim 8～10 described in any one, wherein,
Described operation mode selection portion is being selected taking described the second target voltage as target voltageWhen described small power generation mode, meet due to the described fuel cell under described small power generation modeThe aqueous water generating electricity and produce in described fuel cell is stranded in described fuel cell superfluouslyAqueous water be detained in the situation of condition, temporarily remove the selection of described small power generation mode,
In the time that described operation mode selection portion has temporarily been removed described small power generation mode, described oxygenAmount adjusting portion drives described oxygen supply in the mode of the oxygen to described fuel cell excess supply amountPortion, described excess quantity exceedes the oxygen of supplying with to described fuel cell under described small power generation modeAmount.
12. power-supply systems according to claim 11, wherein,
Described power-supply system also possesses Reserve Power Division, and described Reserve Power Division is in described operation mode selection portionWhile having selected described small power generation mode, can accumulate the electric power of described fuel cell power generation at leastA part,
In the time that selecting the state of described small power generation mode to continue, described operation mode selection portion meetsDescribed aqueous water is detained in the situation of condition, described in the temporary transient releasing of described operation mode selection portionBefore the selection of small power generation mode, described oxygen flow regulation portion makes the described order of described fuel cellMark generated energy becomes compared with little and drive described oxygen supply portion.
13. according to the power-supply system described in any one in claim 7～12, wherein,
Described oxygen supply portion possesses:
Oxygen supply road, is the stream being connected with described negative electrode, and a part for this stream is in described combustionThe inside of material battery forms the cathode side stream for oxygen supply to described negative electrode;
Oxygen introduction part, the position to cathode side stream described in the ratio in described oxygen supply road by upstream sidePut importing oxygen;
Bypass flow path, is the stream from described oxygen supply road branch, so that from described oxygen introduction partThe oxygen of supplying with does not guide and supplies with from described oxygen introduction part via the mode of described cathode side streamOxygen;
Flow divider, is arranged on the valve of described bypass flow path from the position of described oxygen supply road branch,Can change the oxygen that distributes to described oxygen supply road and described bypass flow path by opening valve stateAllocation proportion; And
Flow rate regulating valve, is located at described oxygen supply road, can change the oxygen of supplying with to described negative electrodeAmount,
Oxygen amount, the described shunting from described oxygen introduction part importing by change of described oxygen flow regulation portionAt least one that select in the aperture of opening valve state and described flow rate regulating valve of valve regulates to instituteState the oxygen amount that negative electrode is supplied with.
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| JP2014232251A JP6229642B2 (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-15 | Power supply system and fuel cell voltage control method |
| JP2014-232251 | 2014-11-15 |
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| US (1) | US10553885B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6229642B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101768334B1 (en) |
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| CN113594508A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-11-02 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Control method and control device for fuel cell system, and fuel cell system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2016096087A (en) | 2016-05-26 |
| KR20160058681A (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| US20160141682A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
| US10553885B2 (en) | 2020-02-04 |
| CN105609819B (en) | 2018-04-27 |
| KR101768334B1 (en) | 2017-08-14 |
| CA2911132A1 (en) | 2016-05-15 |
| DE102015119005A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
| CA2911132C (en) | 2018-08-14 |
| DE102015119005B4 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
| JP6229642B2 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
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