DE102018212532A1 - Electrical energy system with fuel cells - Google Patents
Electrical energy system with fuel cells Download PDFInfo
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- DE102018212532A1 DE102018212532A1 DE102018212532.5A DE102018212532A DE102018212532A1 DE 102018212532 A1 DE102018212532 A1 DE 102018212532A1 DE 102018212532 A DE102018212532 A DE 102018212532A DE 102018212532 A1 DE102018212532 A1 DE 102018212532A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/71—Arrangement of fuel cells within vehicles specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/12—Buck converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffzellen enthaltendes elektrisches Energiesystem und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiesystems für ein Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to an electrical energy system containing fuel cells and a method for operating an electrical energy system for a motor vehicle.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffzellen enthaltendes elektrisches Energiesystem und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiesystems für ein Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to an electrical energy system containing fuel cells and a method for operating an electrical energy system for a motor vehicle.
In einem Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug ist es üblich, die Brennstoffzelle (BZ) als Energielieferant über einen Gleichstromwandler (DC/DC-Wandler) an den Traktions-Zwischenkreis mit der HV-Batterie anzubinden, an die die Pulswechselrichter (PWR) mit den Traktionsmaschinen (Elektromotoren) angeschlossen sind. Dies ist nötig, da die Spannung der Brennstoffzelle stark von dem aus der Brennstoffzelle gelieferten Strom abhängt. Die Spannung der Brennstoffzelle ist umso kleiner, je mehr Strom aus der Brennstoffzelle gezogen wird. Der DC/DC-Wandler, üblicherweise ein Aufwärtswandler (Boost-Konverter), hält die Ausgangsspannung des Brennstoffzellenkreises konstant und verhindert einen Stromrückfluss aus der HV-Batterie in die Brennstoffzelle.In a fuel cell vehicle, it is common to connect the fuel cell (BZ) as an energy supplier via a direct current converter (DC / DC converter) to the traction intermediate circuit with the HV battery, to which the pulse-controlled inverters (PWR) with the traction machines (electric motors) are connected are. This is necessary because the voltage of the fuel cell depends strongly on the current supplied by the fuel cell. The voltage of the fuel cell is lower, the more current is drawn from the fuel cell. The DC / DC converter, usually a step-up converter (boost converter), keeps the output voltage of the fuel cell circuit constant and prevents current flowing back from the HV battery into the fuel cell.
Es wurden auch bereits Systeme vorgeschlagen, in denen der DC/DC-Wandler durch eine Diode ersetzt ist, die zwischen Brennstoffzelle und HV-Batterie angeordnet ist und einen Stromrückfluss aus der HV-Batterie in die Brennstoffzelle verhindert. Dadurch wird das System einfacher und es lassen sich Bauteile und Gewicht einsparen.Systems have also already been proposed in which the DC / DC converter is replaced by a diode which is arranged between the fuel cell and the HV battery and prevents current backflow from the HV battery into the fuel cell. This makes the system simpler and components and weight can be saved.
Die
Aus der
Die BZ-Leerlaufspannung muss in solchen Systemen kleiner sein als die maximal erlaubte Spannung der HV-Batterie. Sonst wäre ein Überladen der Batterie durch die BZ zu befürchten. Da die Leerlaufspannung der BZ jedoch nur so hoch sein kann wie die maximale Spannung der HV-Batterie, ist der Stromfluss bzw. der Leistungstransfer aus der BZ in den Batteriekreis erst bei sehr geringen Batteriespannungen nennenswert. Daher kann die Brennstoffzelle nur dann zur Energieerzeugung genutzt werden, wenn die HV-Batterie nicht voll aufgeladen ist. Bei hohen Batteriespannungen ist die nutzbare Leistung der Brennstoffzelle sehr gering. Dies kommt daher, dass sich bei hoher Batteriespannung und Leistungsbedarf zwar über den Einbruch der Batteriespannung ein Stromfluss aus der BZ in den BatterieKreis ergibt, dieser jedoch infolge des kleinen Spannungsdeltas gering ist.The BZ open circuit voltage in such systems must be lower than the maximum permitted voltage of the HV battery. Otherwise the battery would overcharge the battery. However, since the open circuit voltage of the FC can only be as high as the maximum voltage of the HV battery, the current flow or the power transfer from the FC into the battery circuit is only noteworthy at very low battery voltages. The fuel cell can therefore only be used to generate energy if the HV battery is not fully charged. The usable power of the fuel cell is very low at high battery voltages. This is due to the fact that when the battery voltage and power requirements are high, there is a current flow from the FC into the battery circuit via the collapse of the battery voltage, but this is low due to the small voltage delta.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, Vorrichtungen und Verfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche die geschilderten Nachteile zumindest teilweise beseitigen.The object of the present invention is to provide devices and methods which at least partially eliminate the disadvantages described.
Aus der
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Energiesystem mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 5. Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen und der Beschreibung.The object is achieved according to the invention by an energy system with the features of independent patent claim 1 and a method with the features of patent claim 5. Refinements result from the dependent claims and the description.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Energiesystem für ein Fahrzeug. Das Energiesystem umfasst mindestens eine Brennstoffzelle, mindestens eine HV-Batterie und einen zwischen der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle und der mindestens einen HV-Batterie angeordneten Gleichstromwandler (DC/DC-Wandler), der als Abwärtswandler (Buck-Konverter) ausgeführt ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Energiesystem ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leerlaufspannung der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle höher ist als die maximale Ausgangsspannung der mindestens einen HV-Batterie.The invention relates to an energy system for a vehicle. The energy system comprises at least one fuel cell, at least one HV battery and a direct current converter (DC / DC converter) arranged between the at least one fuel cell and the at least one HV battery, which is designed as a step-down converter (buck converter). The energy system according to the invention is characterized in that the open circuit voltage of the at least one fuel cell is higher than the maximum output voltage of the at least one HV battery.
Um auch schon bei höheren HV-Batteriespannungen einen erhöhten Energietransfer von der Brennstoffzelle auf die Batterie-Seite zu ermöglichen, wird erfindungsgemäß die U-I-Kennlinie der Brennstoffzelle nach oben zu höheren Spannungen verschoben. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine erhöhte Anzahl von Einzelzellen im Brennstoffzellenstapel erreicht werden. Eine geeignete Dimensionierung der U-I-Kennlinien von Brennstoffzelle und HV-Batterie kann erstens durch die Anzahl der Zellen in der HV-Batterie und die Auswahl der entsprechenden Zelltypen in der HV-Batterie und zweitens durch die Anzahl der Zellen in der Brennstoffzelle und die entsprechende Dimensionierung der einzelnen Zellen in der Brennstoffzelle erzielt werden. In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die mindestens eine Brennstoffzelle eine Vielzahl von Einzelzellen.In order to enable increased energy transfer from the fuel cell to the battery side even at higher HV battery voltages, the U-I characteristic curve of the fuel cell is shifted upwards to higher voltages. This can be achieved, for example, by increasing the number of individual cells in the fuel cell stack. A suitable dimensioning of the UI characteristics of the fuel cell and HV battery can firstly be the number of cells in the HV battery and the selection of the corresponding cell types in the HV battery and secondly by the number of cells in the fuel cell and the appropriate dimensioning of the individual cells can be achieved in the fuel cell. In one embodiment, the at least one fuel cell comprises a plurality of individual cells.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die Leerlaufspannung der Brennstoffzelle höher als die maximale Spannung der HV-Batterie. Um unzulässige Ausgleichsströme von der BZ auf die Batterieseite zu vermeiden, ist ein Abwärtswandler (Buck-Konverter) zwischen Brennstoffzelle und HV-Batterie geschaltet.According to the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell is higher than the maximum voltage the HV battery. In order to avoid impermissible equalizing currents from the FC to the battery side, a step-down converter (buck converter) is connected between the fuel cell and the HV battery.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der Wandler nur in dem Maße betrieben, um die Ausgangsspannung der Brennstoffzelle an das aktuelle Spannungsniveau der HV-Batterie anzupassen. Ist die BZ-Spannung so weit herabgesetzt, dass eine Parität mit der Spannung der HV-Batterie herrscht, so wird der Schalter permanent geschlossen. Dadurch ergibt sich ein sehr effizienter Energietransfer, da im Wandler dann keine Schaltverluste mehr auftreten.According to the invention, the converter is only operated to the extent that the output voltage of the fuel cell is adapted to the current voltage level of the HV battery. If the FC voltage is reduced to such an extent that there is parity with the voltage of the HV battery, the switch is permanently closed. This results in a very efficient energy transfer, since there are no switching losses in the converter.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiesystems ist eine Diode, die den Strom nur in Richtung von der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle zu der mindestens einen HV-Batterie durchlässt, in Reihe zu der Induktivität des Abwärtswandlers geschaltet. Dies ermöglicht es, den Energie-Transfer der Brennstoffzelle einzustellen, indem das System heruntergefahren wird. Der Strom der BZ sinkt dann und auch die Spannung der BZ sinkt. Die Diode verhindert einen Rückfluss der Energie von der HV-Batterie in Richtung der BZ. Auf diese Weise wird die Brennstoffzelle nicht irreversibel beschädigt.In one embodiment of the energy system according to the invention, a diode that only allows the current to pass in the direction from the at least one fuel cell to the at least one HV battery is connected in series with the inductance of the step-down converter. This enables the energy transfer of the fuel cell to be stopped by shutting down the system. The current of the FC then drops and the voltage of the FC also drops. The diode prevents the energy flowing back from the HV battery in the direction of the FC. In this way, the fuel cell is not irreversibly damaged.
In einer Ausführungsform umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Energiesystem zusätzlich eine Steuereinheit, die dafür eingerichtet ist, die Leerlaufspannung der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle zu regeln.In one embodiment, the energy system according to the invention additionally comprises a control unit which is set up to regulate the open circuit voltage of the at least one fuel cell.
Zu den Vorteilen des erfindungsgemäßen Energiesystems gehört, dass der DC/DC-Wandler kleiner dimensioniert werden kann, da dieser nur bei geringen Strömen taktend betrieben werden muss. Aufgrund der hohen Leerlaufspannung der BZ und der Koppel-Eigenschaften des DC/DC-Wandlers ergibt sich eine sehr gute Ausnutzung der BZ-Leistung auch bei hohen Batterie-Spannungen.One of the advantages of the energy system according to the invention is that the DC / DC converter can be dimensioned smaller, since it only has to be clocked at low currents. Due to the high open circuit voltage of the FC and the coupling properties of the DC / DC converter, there is a very good utilization of the FC power even at high battery voltages.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Energiesystems mit mindestens einer Brennstoffzelle und mindestens einer HV-Batterie, wobei die Leerlaufspannung der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle größer als die maximale Spannung der mindestens einen HV-Batterie ist. Ein zwischen die mindestens eine Brennstoffzelle und die mindestens eine HV-Batterie geschalteter Gleichstromwandler ist als Abwärtswandler ausgeführt und regelt die Ausgangsspannung der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle auf einen Wert herab, der nicht größer als die maximale Spannung der mindestens einen HV-Batterie ist.The invention also relates to a method for operating an energy system with at least one fuel cell and at least one HV battery, the open circuit voltage of the at least one fuel cell being greater than the maximum voltage of the at least one HV battery. A DC converter connected between the at least one fuel cell and the at least one HV battery is designed as a step-down converter and regulates the output voltage of the at least one fuel cell to a value that is not greater than the maximum voltage of the at least one HV battery.
In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der Schalter des Gleichstromwandlers (Buck-Konverters) permanent geschlossen, sobald die Ausgangsspannung der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle gleich der aktuellen Spannung der mindestens einen HV-Batterie ist.In one embodiment of the method, the switch of the direct current converter (buck converter) is permanently closed as soon as the output voltage of the at least one fuel cell is equal to the current voltage of the at least one HV battery.
In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens verhindert eine zum Abwärtswandler in Reihe geschaltete Diode einen Stromfluss von der mindestens einen HV-Batterie zur mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle, wenn die Ausgangsspannung der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle unter die Spannung der mindestens einen HV-Batterie sinkt.In one embodiment of the method, a diode connected in series with the step-down converter prevents a current flow from the at least one HV battery to the at least one fuel cell if the output voltage of the at least one fuel cell drops below the voltage of the at least one HV battery.
In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die Leerlaufspannung der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle geregelt, um den Energietransfer aus der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle in den HV-Batteriekreis einzustellen. Durch Regelung der Medienzufuhr zur mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle lässt sich die Leerlaufspannung regeln. Wird die Medienzufuhr zur Brennstoffzelle verringert, so sinkt die Leerlaufspannung. Ist die HV-Batterie nicht voll aufgeladen, genügt eine geringere Ausgangsspannung der mindestens einen Brennstoffzelle, um Energie in den HV-Batteriekreis zu transferieren.In one embodiment of the method, the open circuit voltage of the at least one fuel cell is regulated in order to adjust the energy transfer from the at least one fuel cell to the HV battery circuit. The open circuit voltage can be regulated by regulating the media supply to the at least one fuel cell. If the media supply to the fuel cell is reduced, the open circuit voltage drops. If the HV battery is not fully charged, a lower output voltage of the at least one fuel cell is sufficient to transfer energy into the HV battery circuit.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den beiliegenden Zeichnungen.Further advantages and refinements of the invention result from the description and the accompanying drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die voranstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Die Erfindung ist anhand von Ausführungsformen in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt und wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen weiter beschrieben. Es zeigt:
-
1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiesystems mit angeschlossenen Verbrauchern; -
2 U-I -Kennlinien der Brennstoffzelle und der HV-Batterie einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiesystems.
-
1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of the energy system according to the invention with connected consumers; -
2 UI Characteristic curves of the fuel cell and the HV battery of an embodiment of the energy system according to the invention.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 1010
- Energiesystemenergy system
- 1111
-
Brennstoffzelle (
BZ )Fuel cell (BZ ) - 1212
- HV-BatterieHV battery
- 1313
- DC/DC-WandlerDC / DC converter
- 1414
- serielle Diodeserial diode
- 1515
-
Pulswechselrichter (
PWR )Pulse inverter (PWR ) - 1616
-
Elektromotor (
EM )Electric motor (EM ) - 1717
- Sonstige HV-KomponentenOther HV components
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturPatent literature cited
- DE 102015013062 A1 [0004]DE 102015013062 A1 [0004]
- DE 10313437 A1 [0005]DE 10313437 A1 [0005]
- DE 102006016453 A1 [0008]DE 102006016453 A1 [0008]
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018212532.5A DE102018212532A1 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Electrical energy system with fuel cells |
PCT/EP2019/068213 WO2020020612A1 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2019-07-08 | Electrical energy system comprising fuel cells |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018212532.5A DE102018212532A1 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Electrical energy system with fuel cells |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102018212532A1 true DE102018212532A1 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
Family
ID=67539406
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018212532.5A Pending DE102018212532A1 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Electrical energy system with fuel cells |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102018212532A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020020612A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11370311B2 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2022-06-28 | Audi Ag | Electrical energy system with fuel-cells |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10313437A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Fuel cell system in electric vehicle, has a fuel cell, an electrical reservoir, an electrical consumer and a control device for adjusting energy flow |
DE102006016453A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Motor vehicle, has fuel cell with electrical periphery provided with pickup on accumulator side of converter, where periphery is electrically secured by independent locking devices and is directly connected to vehicle electrical system |
DE102012207632A1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2013-02-07 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | The fuel cell system |
US20150123478A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-05-07 | Zion Electric Co., Ltd. | Power transmission system |
DE102015119005A1 (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2016-05-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply system and voltage control method of a fuel cell |
DE102015013062A1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | Daimler Ag | Electrical system for a fuel cell vehicle |
Family Cites Families (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011088566A1 (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-01-17 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | The fuel cell system |
JP6361686B2 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-07-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
JP6500881B2 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-04-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Drive system and vehicle |
-
2018
- 2018-07-27 DE DE102018212532.5A patent/DE102018212532A1/en active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-07-08 WO PCT/EP2019/068213 patent/WO2020020612A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10313437A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Fuel cell system in electric vehicle, has a fuel cell, an electrical reservoir, an electrical consumer and a control device for adjusting energy flow |
DE102006016453A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Motor vehicle, has fuel cell with electrical periphery provided with pickup on accumulator side of converter, where periphery is electrically secured by independent locking devices and is directly connected to vehicle electrical system |
DE102012207632A1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2013-02-07 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | The fuel cell system |
US20150123478A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-05-07 | Zion Electric Co., Ltd. | Power transmission system |
DE102015119005A1 (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2016-05-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply system and voltage control method of a fuel cell |
DE102015013062A1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | Daimler Ag | Electrical system for a fuel cell vehicle |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KURZWEIL‚ P.: Brennstoffzellentechnik - Grundlagen, Komponenten, Systeme, Anwendungen. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien , 2013. S. 17,19,24,26,52. - ISBN 978-3-658-00084-4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11370311B2 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2022-06-28 | Audi Ag | Electrical energy system with fuel-cells |
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WO2020020612A1 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
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